Lingaliro ndi Kulankhula

Kuganiza ngati ndondomeko maganizo chifukwa chikhalidwe, kugwirizana ndi mawu, ndi kupeza ndi kutsegula latsopano. Kuganizila ndi kulankhula zokhudzana ndi mzake ndi pafupifupi kulibeko mmodzi payekha.

Maganizo ndi njira yogwira ntchito kumaphatikizapo processing, kukonzanso, kusintha zambiri. Udindo waukulu mu ndondomeko maganizo wapatsidwa analytic-kupanga ntchito, ndiwo umodzi dialectical wa awiriwo ntchito maganizo: kusiyana maganizo a lonse m'magulu (kusanthula) ndi kulumikiza awo kugwirizana watsopano (kaphatikizidwe).

Kuyerekezera - ina yofunika maganizo ntchito. Kuyerekeza zinthu ndi zochitika zenizeni, poyamba tiyenera kugawa m'zigawo awo chigawo chimodzi, kusonyeza makhalidwe munthu ndi katundu, kenako poyerekeza ndi mzake. Ntchito zotsatirazi za ndondomeko maganizo - abstraction ndi generalization. Woyamba (abstraction) - tawerenga ntchito maganizo chododometsa ku moperewera kudziwa kwambiri khalidwe khalidwe kapena katundu. The chachiwiri (generalization) - ndi ntchito maganizo, chomwe kudziwa zimatha kwambiri wamkulu wa zinthu zimene aphunzira. Pamaziko a generalization, poyerekezera ndi abstraction, komanso kusanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe mfundo anapanga.

Concept - ndi mtundu wa maganizo, limene wamba lalikulu, makhalidwe kwambiri zinthu. Mu ndondomeko ya kudziwa mfundo za sayansi ndi zofunika kwambiri. Lingaliro ndi chimafotokozera mawu, zomwe kamodzinso limatsindika mmene tikuganizira ndi kulankhula. Language amachita nkhoswe udindo mu ndondomeko maganizo. Language ndi dongosolo chizindikiro, amene wapatsidwa mfundo zina ndi matanthauzo. Kuganizila ndi kulankhula ndi inakula ndi ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zofunika anthu, mosiyana ndi nyama. Ganizo Kodi kutha chifukwa likakhazikitsidwa komanso anakonza mawu, olembedwa kapena chinenero.

Relation maganizo ndi malankhulidwe limasonyeza bwino chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale akamanena za maganizo. Chidziwitso ndi zina zomwe chikhalidwe zimafalitsidwa ku mibadwomibadwo basi chifukwa zotheka kukonza iwo mawu.

Asayansi apeza kuti kuganiza chitukuko akudutsa preconceptual ndi cilamulo siteji. Preconceptual ganizo lagawidwa maganizo zithunzi-udakali zithunzi zooneka. Woyamba maganizo zachokera weniweni kanthu thupi la nkhaniyi. Mtundu limalamulira ana kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Ngati muli ndi wina - zithunzi-wophiphiritsa - munthu amagwira ntchito osati ndi zinthu, komanso ndi mafano awo, kuyambitsa phunziro ndi chilichonse chokhudzana ndi izo.

Koma lingaliro chachikulu - cilamulo, umboni, kunyozedwa ndi zomveka kuganiza, amene akufotokozera pamaziko a chinenero zikutanthauza kuti kamodzinso amasonyeza ubale wa maganizo ndi malankhulidwe. Mu ana, amayamba pafupifupi 7 zaka, amene amagwirizana ndi sukulu. Kuganiza ndi kulankhula, osauka, ndi chikoka mwagwirizana pa wina ndi mzake. Maziko a cilamulo, maganizo umboni ndi mfundo yomwe imasonyeza ambiri, lalikulu ndi zofunika katundu zinthu.

Gulu la maganizo mungathe ndi zifukwa zina. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo wa nawo sadziwa kapena chikumbumtima maganizo a lamulo akhoza kugawidwa maganizo pa zomveka mwachilengedwe. Kukamba anamanga pa ozindikira, monga formalized nyumba cilamulo ndi mwachilengedwe zochokera maganizo atakomoka ndi zithunzi.

M'njira imeneyi muyezo, njira ochiritsira kwa kuthetsa mavuto salinso ntchito kanthu akubwera zipatso, maganizo a kulenga wakupatsa nzeru zatsopano ndi njira. zachilendo zimenezi zingakhale cholinga (anapeza kapena Kutulukira) kapena m'maganizo, ngati munthu ali mwa ndondomeko maganizo ndikupeza chinthu kale lotseguka pamaso pake, koma iye sankadziwika.