Tasmanian nyalugwe kapena Tasmanian nkhandwe

Nyama imeneyi ali zambiri maina, koma kuti ndi iye kale sichingapezeke Padziko Lapansi. Chirombo amatchedwa "Tasmanian marsupial nkhandwe", "tilatsin", "Wolfshead possum" ndiponso "mbidzi nkhandwe." Populumuka zithunzi kusonyeza kuti mutu wa nyama ndi thupi ofanana ndi chilombo imvi ya nkhalango zathu ndi kambuku anabatizidwa chifukwa cha mikwingwirima bwino mtanda wakuda ndi zofiirira pa nsana ndi mbali. Komabe kuphunzira zambiri zimaoneka kuti mawonekedwe makutu ndi kuipanikiza, mchira ndipo kunsana miyendo mwapadera yokhota kumapeto zinatha chirombo ndi zambiri monga marsupial, ndi khungu pa thumba mimba kumatha kukayikira onse pa nkhani imeneyi. Kotero, kodi ife tikudziwa tsopano za cholengedwa ichi?

Tilatsin monga nyama anaonekera za 35 miliyoni. Zaka zapitazo kumpoto kwa Africa South America. Patapita nthawi, iye anakakhala ku Africa yense ndipo analowa mu Antarctica (umene panthawi imeneyo sanali pa onse ataphimbidwa ndi ayezi), ndipo kudzera izo zinali mu New Guinea, Tasmania ndi Australia. . Pafupifupi mamiliyoni 8 zaka zapitazo, South ndi North America united, ndi Age Golden tilatsina inatha: kuchokera kumpoto anabwera nyama placental, marsupials, ndipo wosazindikira zambiri, anayenera abwerere. Ndi kusintha kwa nyengo ku Antarctica kuona zinatha. About zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapitazo (ichi ndi m'badwo zinthu zakale ake zaposachedwapa) marsupial carnivore anasowa New Guinea - mwina chifukwa matenda enaake. Pafupifupi zaka zikwi ziwiri za aboriginals ku Australia litapita dingoes, amene anawononga anthu tilatsinov mu Green M'dziko.

Chifukwa, pamene anthu a ku Ulaya woyamba adadza kwa Australia, nkhandwe marsupial anapulumuka yekha pa chilumba cha Tasmania. Poyamba, anthu a ku Ulaya-akaidi osati akamenyane nyama. Komabe, ndi chiyambi cha kuswana nkhosa 'm waukulu marsupial carnivore anthu kubweretsa "mndandanda wakuda". Mimbulu anayamba mwankhanza kuwononga. Pamwamba pa kuphetsa onse m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri pa chisumbu anathyola mliri canine distemper amene tilatsiny anali atengeke. Ngakhale kuti pambuyo matenda anapulumuka anthu ena, izi sizinali zimene zatsala pang'ono kutha kutchulidwa ndi lamulo boma pa mndandanda wa nyama kutetezedwa Zinyama Protection 1928 chaka. Otsiriza nkhandwe zakutchire anaphedwa mu 1930, ndipo mu 1936 pa mzinda Zoo Australia Hobart wamwalira ukalamba otsiriza nkhandwe moyo mu ukapolo.

Izo zinali kokha ndi imfa ya dziko womaliza kufuna kwa akambuku Tasmanian mantha anthu: mu 1938, analetsa kusaka kwa iye. Ngakhale kuti nthawi pali malipoti kuti chirombo ofanana waona, kumva, anapeza kuda yoteroyo wake, ndi zina zotero. E., Nkhandwe marsupial mwalamulo ananena zinatha. Koma mwina mwake, mu 1963 boma Tasmanian bungwe malo ozungulira nyanja ya St. Clair. Ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga majini nakhalanso ziyembekezo kuti "kutsitsimutsa" kumizidwa mu anaiwalika tilatsina. Mu 1999 anayamba ntchito pa chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti DNA ya nyama. Zatsopano umalimbana ndi cloning zotheka nyama, ndi kupitirirabe koma sizinathe anatulukira mfundo iliyonse.

Today tili ndi kufotokoza maonekedwe a nyama koma zithunzi si wabwino kwambiri. Thylacine anafanana ndi sing'anga kakulidwe galu mchenga mtundu. Wosakwiya gait nyama anagwidwa ndi galu, ndipo pamene mofulumira athamangadi akuthamanga monga kangaroos. Ndipo nyama chachirendo chinali chodabwitsa pakamwa: izo anaponya kutsegula madigiri 120! Mano tilatsinov anali woposa cha nkhandwe, ndi mphamvu ya nsagwada wakhala wokhoza kuswa mafupa a nyama. Tasmanian nyalugwe anadya makamaka possums, kangaroos yaing'ono, zokwawa komanso mbalame.

Thylacine tsoka ake kwakukulu kwambiri sichitha amazunza chikumbumtima cha anthu. Anthu amene sakhulupirira kuti chirombo ichi wapita kwa ife mpaka muyaya. Alipo Kachisisira chiyembekezo kuti ululu amalankhulira anthu chilombo komabe amakhala m'nkhalango kufikako lamapiri la Tasmania. Ted Turner, wofalitsa American, anapereka mphoto ya madola zikwi zana limodzi kwa aliyense amene adzatha kugwira moyo tilatsina. Posachedwapa, The magazini Bulletin anakweza mtengo wa mphoto miliyoni 1,25 madola aku Australia.