Tasmania, Australia. Nature Tasmania

Australia ndi Oceania ndi gawo ting'onoting'ono kwambiri a dziko. Iwo limapangidwa kumtunda eponymous ndi zikwi khumi zilumba yaing'ono anamwazikana kumadzulo ndi pakati Pacific Ocean. Malo okwana dera kuposa chizindikiro cha makilomita lalikulu okwana 8.5 miliyoni. Pa m'gawo lake ndi pafupifupi 34 miliyoni okhala.

Australia kufotokoza onse

Australia - chilumba, amenenso Africa zing'onozing'ono pa dziko. Chifukwa nyengo youma kwambiri apa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi chipululu ndi savannah youma. Kutalika kwa gombe polingalira Tasmania ndi zilumba zina mwa nyanja pafupifupi 60,000 makilomita. Kumpoto kwa Africa m'malire Arafura ndi Timor Pacific, kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo - Indian Ocean ndi kum'mawa - ndi Tasman ndi Miyala M'nyanja. Chifukwa Chile wakhala akufunafuna mwakhama asezare yekha mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, m'gawo lake katswiri pang'ono. Anthu kachulukidwe pano ndi pang'ono kuposa anthu awiri pa kilometre lalikulu. Australia ndi kontinenti okha mu dziko, amene wotanganidwa ndi boma limodzi lokha. Inakhalapo m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, wosiyana Britain, ndipo Panopo anthu ambiri olemera ndipo wolemera kwambiri mu dziko.

Dziko lagawidwa m'magawo awiri ndipo limati asanu. Woyamba utsogoleri wagawo uli Australia Capital Gawo ndipo chigawo cha kumpoto. States of Australia - ndi Victoria, Queensland, New South Wales, South ndi Australia Western, ndi Tasmania. Pa wotsiriza mwatsatanetsatane ndi Tikambirana zina.

malo Hrs

Kapangidwe ka State si chilumba cha dzina chomwecho, komanso pang'ono dziko klaptikov - Macquarie Flinders ndi Mfumu. likulu lake ndi mzinda wachiwiri kukula wa boma wotchedwa Hobart. Ponena za kuli Tasmania, tisaiwale kuti chisumbucho ili pa mtunda wa makilomita 240 kuchokera kumtunda (kum'mwera kwa), amene ndi wosiyana chifukwa njirayi. kum'mawa m'malire Tasman Nyanja, kum'mwera ndi kumadzulo - Indian Ocean. Tikumbukenso kuti chilumba ndi kupitiriza Wamkulu structural Australia kugawa lokwera, ndipo ambiri inlets unakhazikitsidwa pa magombe ake.

anapeza

Tasmania kutsegula kale Australia anali njuchi. Island kumbuyo mu 1642 anachezeredwa ndi kukaona kutsogoleredwa ndi Dutch kuyenda panyanja Abel Tasman. Amenewa anali azungu woyamba amene anafika pano. Ndiye m'dziko unatchedwa bwanamkubwa wamkulu wa East India Dutch njuchi - Van Diemen a Land. Malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena mbiri za mmbuyomu ndi iye amene anandituma maulendowa kupeza magawo atsopano.

kuloŵerera

Ngati limati zina Australia, chisumbu anayamba accustom Boma la Britain m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. The British woyamba tidakocheza pano mu 1802. Kale mu chaka chotsatira analengeza wachiwiri British njuchi ku Australia. Ndiyeno anasankha kupandukira malowa ku chilumba cha akaidi. Woyamba odziwika m'mudzi m'gawo lake anamukwiyira anamangidwa mu 1830 ndi mphamvu akaidi Port Arthur. m'gawo lake linagawidwa zigawo, ndi mosamala kulondera, chifukwa munkakhala anthu amene anachita machimo akuluakulu. Pakuti iwo okonzeka kuchipatala, mpingo ndi positi ofesi. ndende chinatsekedwa okha makumi asanu ndi awiri za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Mu 1856 Tasmania chilumba nalo dzina lake panopa. chisankho nchakuti anatengedwa ndi boma la Britain. Mu ena limati idamangidwa mu 1901.

anthu

Pa gawo la boma ndi kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi hafu miliyoni. Ambiri a iwo amaonedwa kukhala Anglo-Australia, mwa kulankhula kwina - mbadwa anthu ochokera ku Britain. peresenti umodzi wokha wa m'deralo ndi anthu kumeneko. Malinga ndi kafukufuku mbiri, Aaborijini m'dera moyo pano pafupifupi 40 zaka chikwi. Pachilumba palinso Amwenye, Chinese ndi ena mitundu ina. English imatengedwa kukhala pagulu. Pa nthawi yomweyo, tisaiwale kuti ali achilendo ka m'deralo. m'deralo, kuphatikizapo anthu amtundu wa Aborigine, Akhristu ambiri. The ambiri a iwo ndi Akatolika, kenako mpingo ndi mpingo wa England, Chiprotestanti ndi Orthodox. Pafupifupi 4% ya anthu amati Chibuda ndipo Islam.

nyengo

Australia ndi South Pacific ndi limodzi mwa madera driest pa dziko. M'dera lawo imagwera mvula yochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, anthu a Tasmania ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nyengo zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti ambiri a m'gawo lake amakhala ndi kuzizira. Inakhalapo mchikakamizo cha nyanja ndi nyanja ozungulira chilumba. Choncho, palibe choopsa ozizira kapena kutentha kutentha. N'kosatheka kuona kuti pa boma kugwa kwambiri mvula mu Australia. Kumadzulo Tasmania awo Kuchuluka pachaka 1000 mm, ndi kum'mawa - 600 mm.

Spring pa chisumbu imagwera pa nyengo kuchokera September mpaka November. Nyengo pa nthawi ino ndi zambiri ozizira ndi mphepo. Kutentha pafupifupi m'chilimwe ndi 23 digiri Celsius. Pali nthawi zina pamene kutentha limatuluka kuti mlingo wa 30 madigiri. Koma ndi khalidwe okha kutali ndi malo mwanyanja. Kugwa mu Tasmania ndi nyengo ndi wachete, amakhala ndi mausiku ozizira ndi ofunda ndithu, masiku dzuwa. Tikumbukenso kuti si mulingo woyenera alendo kudzacheza boma. M'nyengo yozizira zambiri ndalama nyengo frosty bwino. Ndithu nthawi zambiri chisanu. Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, pa nthawi ino mpweya ndi imodzi mwa aukhondo mu dziko.

chikhalidwe

Mbali yaikulu chimene chimasiyanitsa chikhalidwe cha Tasmania imatengedwa kuti inakhalapo angapo zaka miliyoni zapitazo, ndipo mu mawonekedwe umapulumuka lero. Mu njira zambiri, asayansi amati izi maonekedwe a mapangidwe chilumba. Pafupifupi miliyoni 250 zapitazo, pamodzi ndi Australia, iye anali m'gulu la Africa lalikulu amadziwika monga Gondwana. Kenako anatenga pafupifupi theka la padziko lathuli, makamaka yokutidwa ndi nkhalango. Ngati lero, zinthu sizinasinthe kwambiri. Tsopano chilumba ndi dera la mapiri ambiri ndi zitunda zathyathyathya. Pafupifupi theka la malo ake ali ndi nkhalango moti, ambiri mwa Zatsala unexplored. Tikumbukenso kuti Lapansi ndi imodzi omaliza mbali zoterozo.

Pachilumba zimasungika kwa zomera kawirikawiri ndi mitundu zomera zimene zikutha m'madera ena onse a dzikoli. Pakati pa zomera m'dera m'nkhalango munakwanisa kuona bulugamu, paini ndi spinous antrotaksisy, beeches kum'mwera ndi mitengo ina. Komanso, tisaiwale komanso pamaso pa mitundu m'malo osowa wa lichens ndi ndere. nkhalango Local akhala malo ambiri, sanapezeke kwina kulikonse zomera. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi zosowa nyama Tasmania - ichi koalas, dingoes, anyani ang'onoang'ono, possums, echidnas, kangaroos, ziwanda Tasmanian, mimbulu marsupial ndi ena. Kupatula izi, chilumbachi, pali pafupifupi 150 mitundu ya mbalame. The rarest mwa iwo oranzhevobryuhy Chingolopiyo, imene Australia kutetezedwa ndi lamulo. mitsinje Local ndi nyanja lokhala ndi mumapezeka nsomba.

chuma

Pa mtima za chuma chilumbachi ndi migodi komanso ulimi. Makamaka, dera wolemera mchere monga nthaka, tini, chitsulo ndi mkuwa. Komanso, mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko kuno ndi nkhalango. Popeza boma ndi osiyana kotentha nyengo, monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, pali zinthu yabwino kwa kukula kwa mpesa ndi minda ya zipatso, komanso kulima mbewu zambiri. Pafupi twente pa zana a dziko zilipo wachinsinsi malo osungirako zachilengedwe ndi nkhokwe, choncho ulimi iwo sangathe. Ngati zonse Australia, Tasmania akudzitamandira ndi gawo zokopa alendo bwino anayamba. maphunziro ake kuyambira 2001 mpaka lero amathandiza kuti zinthu zabwino chuma dziko, kuphatikizapo ndege tikiti wotchipa ndi mabwato latsopano, yomwe zoyendera thandizo la chilumba ku Chile. anthu ambiri a ntchito m'mabungwe a boma. bwana lina lalikulu kuno ndi kampani The Gulu Federal, lomwe mwini Map angapo ndipo juga, komanso chinkhoswe mu processing nkhuni.

likulu

Ndodo ndi chilumba cha Tasmania ndi likulu lawo. Ndi wamkulu mu Australia pambuyo Sydney Hobart. Idamangidwa mu 1804. Monga lero, anthu ake ali oposa 210,000 okhala. City si ntchitoyi, komanso pakati ndalama Tasmania, kumene zaka zakubadwa miyambo bwinobwino mogwirizana ndi njira zamakono amphamvu a moyo. Hobart ili kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi pa m'kamwa mwa Derwent Mtsinje. Ndi kuchokera kuno ku Antarctica anatumiza Maulendo Australia ndi French.

zowoneka

Chifukwa otchedwa masamba Wolakwayo mu zochitika za chilumba cha Tasmania zokopa chiyambi amenewa ndi chidwi kwambiri kwa alendo. Nzosadabwitsa kuti chaka chilichonse zikwi apaulendo pitani zakale tawuni yotchedwa ndi ndende pa nthawi yomweyo - Port Arthur Yakale Site. Ambiri otchuka maulendo zokhudza malo m'dera zachilengedwe ndi m'mapaki. mukhoza kutenga ulendo mpweya wa dera la South-Western Reserve, imene alendo akhoza amasirira Nkhalango untrodden, mathithi ndiponso m'zigwa. Pali chilumbachi ndi dera lake vinyo ndi mafakitale zake zazikulu.

Mmodzi wa zokopa waukulu likulu ndi Salamanca Tirhana Centre, lomwe lili ndi chiwerengero cha mabungwe, kuphatikizapo situdiyo luso, tambirimbiri ndipo maholo zoimbaimba. otchuka kwambiri Hobart ndi Museum wa zipilala la Kale, ili mu mpesa pa mtunda wa makilomita 12 kuchokera mumzinda. Great chikhalidwe tanthauzo ndi nyumba m'deralo. Tikumbukenso kuti zoposa makumi asanu ndi anayi a iwo kudziteteza ku Society National kuteteza Luso.

kukopa alendo

Tasmania, chisumbu monyadira bwino anayamba alendo zomangamanga. Mizinda yake ambiri anapita ndi zigawo popanda vuto, inu mukhoza kukhala mu hotelo, koma ophunzira wosankha wabwino wa hostels. Tiyenera kuona pamaso pa ambiri okwerera galimoto yobwereka. Local kachikumbutso masitolo, alendo mukhoza kugula mphinjiri dziko chilichonse kaya ndi alendo. Ambiri, chilumba mukhoza kupeza zosangalatsa iliyonse kukoma - kuchokera maulendo alipidwa ndi kutha pamadzi. Chofunika, kodi tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mlungu wa odyera ndi masitolo atsekedwa.

Pomaliza

Kuti adzimvera, tisaiwale kuti chilumba cha Tasmania ndi malo okongola kwambiri, mbali yaikulu ya gawo ali wotanganidwa ndi zinyama. Onsewo kukuteteza boma. Pali pafupifupi chilichonse kuti zingakope chidwi apaulendo zamakono - ndi wosazindikira nkhalango zotentha, zitunda, mitsinje, mathithi ndiponso madzi bwino.