Lachiwiri 134: zofunika

Mmodzi wa lodziwika bwino Soviet ndege ndege anatenga mpweya mu 1963.

Kupanga ndege

Chiyambi cha zaka zao za sikisite anali yodziwika ndi kusintha kwa mibadwo ya ndege. The kusintha kwa pisitoni kuti ndege ndege zonyamula chofunika kulenga makina atsopano kuti tizikonda mpweya magalimoto. Komanso kuchuluka sayenda anthu ndi vuto la zachuma analenga ankafuna amphamvu ntchito zoyendera mphepo.

Malo otchuka kwambiri omwe kale katswiri pisitoni ndege a gulu la makono a yochepa wautali. Ndi kusiyana ichi kutenga ndege yonyamula Lachiwiri 134.

Kamangidwe akukhudzidwira

ntchitoyo anayamba kupanga mapulani Tupolev potengera zitsanzo kale akuyendera. zinachitikira wolemera kamangidwe ka lalikulu zoyendera asilikali ndi ndege wamba anapereka ntchito bwino kapangidwe ndi zomangamanga njira. Ife ntchito backlog makina kale cholinga. Iwo anabweretsa ndege Lachiwiri 134 specifications kuti kuonetsetsa utumiki yaitali ndipo wopambana.

Pa nthawi yomweyo ndege anaonekera groundbreaking m'njira zambiri. Mphamvu za makina ranged anthu makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu, malingana ndi mawonekedwe a. Ntchito pa mayiko zodutsa kuti mkati mwa makina, alipo magulu kuti akomere okwera ochepa.

Chifukwa malo zoweta ntchito m'sitimayo lounges popanda makalasi, omwe anali anthu makumi asanu ndi atatu mphamvu. The Lachiwiri 134 ndege malingana zosintha angapo kulemera asintha osiyanasiyana makumi asanu matani forte naini.

injini

turbojet injini awiri chitukuko zoweta itayandikana mchira. Izi gondolas zinthu mwangwiro agwirizane ndi zosoŵa za chiyambi inali ikadali yopanda tala ndipo airfields okonzeka bwino, kuteteza malowedwe a zinthu zakunja mu injini. Adaponya aliyense injini wafika matani asanu ndi awiri, chomwe chimathandiza kuyamba ndi runways yochepa.

M'tsogolo, bwino injini ndipo m'malo mwake pa kukonzanso kwa. Ikuthamanga ndege liwiro Lachiwiri 134 anafika makilomita mazana asanu ndi atatu makumi asanu pa ora mu injini Baibulo loyamba. Ndi unsembe wa mayunitsi kusinthidwa mphamvu, chinawonjezeka ndi makilomita makumi paola.

Achilendo injini phokoso Lachiwiri 134, pafupi ndi phokoso la kuimba mluzu ukutuluka anathandiza mkulu recognizability otchuka ndege. Mlingo wonse wa phokoso opangidwa ndi injini kumayambiriro ndi kukwera kunapezeka kuti kwambiri. Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti mavuto ndi machitidwe a ndege mu ndege lonse pambuyo kumangika kwa malamulo a kuipitsa lamayimbidwe.

chitukuko cha chitsanzo

Galimoto anasankha moyo wabwino kwambiri. Lachiwiri 134 anasonyeza apamwamba wamakono kuthekera ndiponso kudalirika. Magwiridwe akuchitira makhalidwe komanso zakukhudzani mtima. Oletsa ndege Lachiwiri 134 wa crosswinds ndi headwinds zoletsa Ndegeyi ndi ndegeyo anali m'gulu laling'ono kwa kalasi ya ndege. Mbali imeneyi ya makina wakhala ndinasintha bwino ndege mosalekeza.

The sangathe lalikulu la zitsanzo loyamba la Lachiwiri 134 anali kupanda cholinga n'zosiyana, amene kwambiri kumawonjezera pa braking mtunda za makina. Kukwaniritsa chosowa ntchito parachutes braking ndi airbrake. Kukula kwa makina kuthetsa mbali imene yagwa ku magawo koyamba chitukuko ndege ndege.

Air Tumizani Mtsogoleri

Lachiwiri 134 ndege wakhala wotchuka kwambiri, osati pa maulendo la Soviet Union, komanso m'mayiko ena. Pafupifupi chiyambi cha ulimi, anayamba kupanga ndege mu ndege yachilendo. Akulitse kuzindikira galimoto ndipo anathandiza nawo Lachiwiri 134 ku mayiko Air Show 1969 ku Le Bourget. ndegeyo waonetsa osati mlingo wa chitukuko cha makampani Soviet ndege, komanso njira zamakono za kulengedwa kwa Civil Air zombo.

Kuwonjezera pa limati wa bloc Soviet makinawa ndi opareshoni m'mayiko ambiri mu Africa, Asia ndi Latin America. Nthawi zambiri, ndege zinali mbali ya Air Force pa mayiko yoti. Utatha wa USSR galimoto anapitiriza kukhala mpweya CIS.

ndege Long

The magalimoto anafika pa ndege mu 1966. Popeza ndege ndi mu mlengalenga. Tsopano makina anali kokha zonyamulira payekha kutumikira hayala ndege. Koma pamaso 2007, unali mbali ya ndodo ya ndege Russian ndi CIS kupanga zonse flights anthu. Choncho, makina lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa cholinga chake zoposa zaka makumi anai.

Kuwonjezera pa ophimba pa okwera pa ntchito zonse, anapereka zosintha ku msonkhano Akuluakulu ena mlingo wokwererapo. matabwa zimenezi zili ndi zinthu zina anawonjezera chitonthozo ndi chitetezo. Iwo anakhazikitsa dongosolo lapadera boma kulankhulana.

Panalinso zosintha asilikali Lachiwiri 134, anafuna kuphunzitsa oyendetsa ndi panyanja ya ndege zankhondo. Imodzi mwa Mabaibulo ndi okonzeka ndi khalidwe mphuno phirilo ankagwiritsa ntchito woyendetsa maphunziro losatha yoponya mabomba.

Pa mbiri ya ulimi, umene unakhalapo zaka zoposa makumi awiri, iwo anamasulidwa pafupifupi mazana asanu mabuku a magalimoto a zosintha osiyana. Pa chizindikiro ichi Lachiwiri 134 wa chitsanzo ambiri ndege zonyamula Soviet.

decommissioning

Kuwonjezera obsolescence luso ndi luso la zopangapanga makina, ntchito yaikulu mu kuchotsa ntchito wachita kochulukira phokoso mlingo wa amagetsi. Latsopano ICAO malamulo kutha malo ambiri padziko lonse anatumikira ndi Lachiwiri 134. Madera otsala sanathe kupereka yopuma, ngakhale ntchito chitsanzo ndi mpikisano ndi ndege masiku ano opanga achilendo ndi zoweta.

Ngakhale ndegeyo zinalengedwa mpaka 1987, pa ndege zonse anasiya ntchito mu 2008, m'malo makina a zopangidwa ena. Today akupitiriza linanena bungwe magalimoto chitsanzo ichi kuchokera nyumba ina yoyendera mpweya. Komabe, nthawi zimatengera ake, ndipo wamng'ono wa ndege ya mtundu uwu kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri ndi asanu. Oposa zana ndege Zatsala gawo la ndege, koma mapeto a mbiri ulemerero wa woyamba wa ndege zonyamula Soviet sali kutali.

Ngozi ndi zochitika

Kwa zaka zambiri, kuti Lachiwiri 134 ikuchitika mu mlengalenga, wopanda ngozi. Koma ndege anapitiriza kuonedwa makina otetezedwa ndi odalirika. Ndege tsoka Lachiwiri 134 sizikuthandiza n'zogwirizana ndi kamangidwe ka makina, zigawo zake ndiponso ikuluikulu.

Mbali yaikulu ya tsoka panali chifukwa cha mwangozi kapena chinthu anthu. ndegeyo opaleshoni m'mikhalidwe yomwe si nthawi zonse amalemekeza chofunika mlingo chitetezo cha ndege, osati mu USSR komanso m'mayiko osauka. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida makina anakumana ndi mfundo za nyengo yomwe analenga ndi ziyeneretso chofunika ndi maudindo adalira ndi ntchito nthaka.

Mu zaka zonse za machitidwe a Lachiwiri 134 zifukwa zosagwirizana ndi ntchito zankhondo, izo anataika kuposa sikisite ndege, chimene chinapha chimodzi ndi theka la anthu chikwi.