Mitsinje ya Ocean Arctic: kumpoto Dvina, Pechora, ob

Mitsinje yonse ya Ocean Arctic akuyenda kudzera m'dera la Europe ndi ku Asia ndi North America. Mwachitsanzo, yaikulu American mtsinje Mackenzie. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ena mwa mitsinje ya Ocean Arctic mu Russia, pakati pawo pali yaikulu madzi mtsempha wamagazi dzikoli. Komanso, pafupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi mphambu asanu pa zana a utuluke madzi a dziko wathu uli ku chigwa cha nyanja Arctic. Pakati pawo, chopereka waukulu amachokera mitsinje monga Pechora, Northern Dvina, ob, Khatanga, Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka ndi ena ambiri.

Features cha mitsinje ya Ocean Arctic

mitsinje ikuyenda izi pafupi nyanja kudutsa m'chipululu ndi otsika. Chifukwa malire m'munsi mwa bata awo, ndipo panjira palibe zopinga makamaka. Chigwa cha nyanja Arctic kwa nthawi yaitali kwambiri okutidwa ndi ayezi. Catering makamaka chisanu ndi mvula. M'chaka, pali nyamuka madzi mamita 10-15. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mitsinje ya Ocean Arctic umayenda makamaka kumpoto ndi ayezi chimasungunula pambuyo pake pasanafike pa chapamwamba. Choncho opangidwa sachedwa chifukwa ndi madamu ayezi.

kumpoto Dvina

Kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje amanyamula madzi ake kudzera m'mayiko a nkhani ziwiri za la Russia - Arkhangelsk ndi Vologda zigawo. The mtsinjewu amalowa m'Nyanja White, yomwe imatithandiza kumveketsa mu madzi a Ocean Arctic. Iye "choyera" kutalika makilomita 0,7 zikwi, pamodzi ndi Sukhona - .. 1.3 zikwi Km, ndipo ngati ankaona pamodzi ndi Vychegda -. Kenako 1.8 zikwi makilomita.

Mtsinje Delta ali ndi lalikulu, anatambasula pa dera la kutalika 37 m'lifupi makilomita 45. Apa mtsinje linagawanika mu njira zambiri ndi manja (zana ndi makumi asanu). Mtsinje madzi kutuluka m'kamwa ndi atatu ndi zikwi theka kiyubiki mamita pa mphindi.

Madzi boma la kumpoto Dvina

Mtundu osakhala chakudya chisanu. Kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje aphimbidwa ndi ayezi kapu mu nthawi kuchokera mochedwa October kwa oyambirira November, ndipo kumasulidwa ku izo mu nthawi kuyambira kuchiyambi April kuti oyambirira May. Ndi kutsegula kwa mtsinje m'chaka kawirikawiri magalimoto sachedwa chifukwa, ayezi kulowerera mofulumira kwambiri.

Kusambira dziwe kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje ndi waukulu, ndi 360 zikwi. ^Km2. makhwawa Aika ndi Arctic Ocean beseni: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga ndi ena. Pali oposa 27 nsomba.

Tanthauzo la m'mbiri

N'zochititsa chidwi kumpoto Dvina ndi yodutsira pafupifupi onse pamodzi (kutalika kwa madzi yodutsira ndi makhwawa ambiri zisanu ndi theka makilomita zikwi). Kuyambira 1989 pa Mtsinje ukugwira ntchito zonse utumiki anthu. Padakali pagalasi lake madzi akuthamanga wamkulu mu Russian ngalawa "Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol" anabadwira ku sitima kubwerera mu 1911.

Kumpoto Dvina Mtsinje anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu ndondomeko mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, pa zochitika 1812 nkhondo, iye anali, molingana ndi azambiriyakale ovomerezeka, pafupifupi yekha kugwirizana Russia ndi Europe. Ndipo pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse pa mtsinje anakonza gawo kwambiri a kapezedwe "kongoletsani-pangano" (asilikali luso, zipangizo ndi zipangizo kwa Ulaya ndi United States pa nkhondo ku Soviet Union). Ndiponso, olemba mbiri amatchedwa mtsinjewo "Polakwika kwa Arctic", chifukwa mtsinje m'dera Arctic wayamba Maulendo kafukufuku oposa mazana awiri.

Pechora

Mtsinje umayenda mwa nkhani ziwiri la Chitaganya cha Russian - Nenets Autonomous Okrug ndi Republic Komi. Umayamba mu Urals Western chiyambi atatu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, kutalika kwa mtsinje ndi ku makilomita 1.7 kuti 1,9 zikwi. Ndi chikhalidwe kumene ake, chidagawika patatu: chapamwamba, pakati ndi kutsikira.

Upper, Middle ndi wotsika Pechora

The Upper Pechora kutalika makilomita 400 si populata ndi pang'ono kuphunzira. Mu gawo ili la mtsinje ali ndi khalidwe osiyana pa phiri limene anasonyeza mu otaya mofulumira, meandering njira, mkulu miyala mwanyanja yopapatiza mtsinje chigwa yokutidwa coniferous zomera. Kachigawo Upper Pechora ranges ku mamita 10 mpaka 120. The mtsinje si lakuya, kufika mamita awiri ndi theka.

Avereji Pechora - gawo yaitali makilomita 1200, kuchokera mkamwa mkamwa Volosyanitsy Tsilma. Kuyambira ndi Yashkinsky mlatho, mtsinje amakhala yodutsira. Pechory m'lifupi mu gawo pakati ranges kuchokera 0.4 kuti 4 makilomita. Pa madzi otsika mu mtsinje anapanga shoals amene amachepetsa navigation.

M'munsi mbali ya mtsinje umachokera pa mazana anai makilomita. Kwa m'kamwa mwa mtsinje Shapkina banki lamanja la mtsinje ndi chapamwamba, ndipo anachoka - khalidwe zoipa. Kenako, magombe awiri ndi zigwa ndi predominance wa Titafika pamalo zomera. Kachasu mudzi akuyamba ankadziwana ndi. Pali ambiri alluvial, zilumba otsika (waukulu - 29). zilumba m'litali ndi makilomita 30. Pa confluence a mlomo 20 lagawidwa manja mtsinje.

ntchito.

Pechora lotseguka kwa masiku 120-170, kwambiri ntchito kutumiza magalimoto. Pali 80 makhwawa. Beseni ndi za 19.500 makilomita lalikulu. Pechora anayamba nsomba, nsomba nsomba ikuchitika, Pike, hering'i, whitefish, nsomba woyera ndi mitundu ina.

ob

Monga tanenera kale, dziwe la nyanja zing'onozing'ono a Dziko Lapansi ali 65% kapena kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za la Russia. Mitsinje zokhudza Ocean Arctic, lalikulu ndi zonse loyenda. Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo sizingafanane ndi ob. Izi yaikulu Siberia mtsinje. Iye amatsogolera pakati utuluke madzi onse Europe ndi ku Asia. Iye anaponyedwa madzi awo zokhudzana Arctic Ocean, monga Tom ndi Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

Ofufuza ena, dzina mtsinje anachokera ku mawu a "onse" chifukwa aumbike mwa confluence a mitsinje awiri aakulu - Biya ndi Katun. Kutalika kwake kuchokera pophatikizana ndi chimachititsa 3,65 zikwi Km, ndipo ngati anthu a Irtysh -. 5,41 zikwi Km.. mtsinje umenewu akuti ndi motalikitsa mu Russia. Wasefukira kumpoto Nyanja Kara, kupanga The kutalika kwa Gulf wa ob (kutalika Bay - za 800 makilomita).

kufunika Economic wa ob

The mtsinje bedi umadutsa zisanu zigawo Russian, kuphatikizapo Altai Gawo, Tomsk Region, ndi Region Novosibirsk, ndi Yamalo-Nenets ndi Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District. Mtsinjewo yodutsira. kutumiza zonse magalimoto pa izo anakhazikitsa, kuyambira 1844. Mu 1895, mtsinje wadutsa padziko zombo 120.

Ob - ali paradaiso okonda nsomba. Apa, mu chiwerengero chachikulu cha nsomba mwachizolowezi monga Pike, Grayling, burbot, carp, rudd, Nsombazi, lamprey, Nsombazi, ndi enanso ambiri. Pali za makumi asanu mitundu, twente-faifi amene imvera nsomba tima (nsomba, ide, Pike, njoka yam'madzi, dace, bream, crucian carp, roach, nsomba ndi anthu ena).

Madzi boma, makhwawa

The mtsinje - kwa chipale ambiri, otaya waukulu kumachitika pa nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi kasupe. Ob aphimbidwa ndi ayezi kapu masiku 180-220 chaka. Pool ndi za miliyoni 2,99 Km ^2, pa chizindikiro ichi Mtsinje lili pa nambala yoyamba Russia. Wolemekezeka malo lachitatu wotanganidwa ndi mu mawu a okhutira madzi, ndi pamaso pa izo pali mitsinje ngati ukuyenda mu Ocean Arctic, monga Yenisei ndi Lena.

Kum'mwera kwa ob ndi wotchuka Novosibirsk mosungiramo kapena monga zambiri kutchedwa, ob Nyanja, ndiwo amakonda kopita kwa zikwi alendo ndi anthu am'deralo. Njira pakati pa ob ndi Yenisei, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mochedwa, si panopa ntchito ndipo anasiya.

Obi ali 30 makhwawa zazikulu ambiri ang'onoang'ono. Yaikulu ya izi ndi Irtysh, amene kutalika ndi 4250 Km, amene ali wamkulu kuposa kutalika yakeyake mtsinje. kuchuluka Izi zikutibweretsa ku ob avareji kiyubiki mamita zikwi zitatu za madzi pa mphindi.