Malo lawolawo la Israel. M'malire a Israel, malo, ndi zimachititsa chilumbachi, chikhalidwe cha

Israel ndi dziko limene ali anamva chisonkhezero cha zikhalidwe ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana ndipo angamvele m'misewu ya kulankhula zinenero. Baibulo lenilenilo akhoza kundiuza za mbiri wolemera, kumene pa zaka zingapo. Ndipo onse chifukwa kuti zochitika masamba chizindikiro chake malo Isiraeli linalake. Ukulu wa dziko lino anamva pamene kuyendera zinthu zakale ndi malo opatulika, ankawaviika zinkakhalira mogwirizana ndi uzimu.

Nkhaniyi tidzakambirana ndi malo ndi malo a Israel ndi malire ake ndi maiko ena, miyala ndi hydrographic deta, komanso peculiarities wa nyama ndiponso zomera.

Malo pa mapu a dziko lapansi

Boma la Israeli ali mu dziko, chimene chimatchedwa Middle East. Izi ndi mabwalo a aphungu kum'mwera kumadzulo Asia, pa gombe la kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ngati inu muyang'ana pa mapu a dziko lapansi, ndondomeko yeniyeni ya Israel - 34 ° 45 'kum'mawa longitude ndi 31 ° 30' kumpoto kumpoto.

Malire ndi malo

Israel limodzi ndi mayiko angapo. M'malire ake kumpoto - ndi Lebanon, mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa - ndi Syria, kum'mwera chakumadzulo - ndi Gaza Mzere ndi Egypt kum'mawa - ndi Yorodano, dera la kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa Yordano.

Kutalika kwa malire dziko ndi mazana khumi makilomita. deta More molondola, oddly mokwanira, si kumatanthauza ndi boma Israeli. mfundo ndi yakuti lero, dziko sangakwanitse kuthetsa malire boma ndi Syria ndi Lebanon. Chotero, ziri kugawidwa "Mbali reticle moto" ndi "Blue Line."

m'malire Western a Israel ndi nyanja ya Mediterranean, kum'mwera - Nyanja Yofiira, ndipo kuchigawo cha kum'mawa kumalire wopatulika mtsinje wa Yorodano, kumene Yesu anabatizidwa kamodzi. Gombe ndi makilomita 273. Ambiri a nkhani za Nyanja Mediterranean, ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri chimakwirira Red Sea (makilomita khumi ndi awiri basi).

Onse dera Israel, kuphatikizapo Authority wa ku Palestina, 27.800 makilomita lalikulu. Ndipo 6220 a iwo wotanganidwa Yudeya, Samaria ndi Gaza Mzere, omwe watenganso chifukwa cha ntchito ya usilikali mu 1967. Kummawa, m'dera la dziko la Israyeli ndi mbali ya Nyanja Yakufa (pafupifupi wani sauzande makilomita lalikulu). Iwo mchere anatseka nyanja, kuya pazipita mamita 378.

m'gawo boma

Zoyerekeza dera m'dziko la Isiraeli wa makilomita lalikulu zikwi makumi awiri, amene mathithi kuposa anayi pa madzi kumtunda. Area wa dziko umachokera kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto, ku Eilat kuti Metulla kuthetsa kuti makilomita 424. Kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo mtunda mfundo narrowest ndi makilomita 15 ndipo Ambiri ukufika makilomita 114.

Pakali pano, Israel wotanganidwa East Yerusalemu 70 sq km, makilomita lalikulu 1150 wa Golan Heights, ndi makilomita lalikulu 5879 wa Bank West. Dongosolo limeneli zimakhudza moyo wa boma, kotero izo ziyenera chinenero ndi ndalama zake mbali.

Language Israel

Today zinenero zovomerezeka dziko lino amaonedwa kukhala Arabic ndi Chiheberi. Koma kuno nthawi zambiri kulankhula Russian, English, German, French ndi Spanish.

Poyamba, chilankhulidwe cha anthu Achiyuda anali Chiheberi. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti anali Adamu ndi Hava. Mu chilankhulo ichi ambiri a Chipangano Chakale ndi Nyanja Yakufa zinalembedwa. nthawi yonseyi chinenero cha Israel zasintha mchikakamizo cha maiko oyandikana. Choncho mitundu yake anaonekera (mwachitsanzo, Western European, Yemen, German ndi Muslim).

Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma chachiwiri, Ayuda anazunzidwa ndi Aroma, ndi Chiheberi watwya mphamvu zake monga kuphunzira chinenero china. Mpaka cha m'ma XIX yekha analemba ndakatulo ndi mabuku achipembedzo, ndiyeno iye Kodi kukhala chachikale chinkawavuta. Koma pambuyo Chiheberi pang'onopang'ono nakhalanso pa kuyamba kwa Zionist amene ankakhala mu Russian Ufumu.

Israel ndalama

Masiku ano, boma ndalama boma amati watsopano Israeli sekeli. Akhoza khobiri zana limodzi. Poyerekeza ndi mayunitsi ena ndalama, ndi NIS - 0,29 US dola, kapena 16,96 wa ruble Russian.

Ndalama ntchito kuyambira nthawi zakale padziko lonse. Koma ndiye sanalenge sekeli chipembedzo cha ndalama, ndi kulemera kwa golide kapena siliva, amene ndi ofunika kwambiri. Mu 1985, ndalama uyu depreciated nthawi chikwi. The ndalama zilipo ndi banknotes anasintha mawonekedwe ndipo anatchulidwa zilembo Chiheberi. Ndipo pali masekeli latsopano. Lero, ndalama Isiraeli ndi malamulo mayiko momasuka mpandadenga mu ndalama za maiko ena.

utsogoleri magawano

Boma la Israel lagawidwa zigawo utsogoleri, ndipo amatchedwa mehozotami. A okwana asanu: Central, Yerusalemu, Haifa, Tel Aviv, North ndi South. zigawo utsogoleri anawagawa khumi boma zigawo-, wotchedwa nafotami nayenso. Iwo akhoza kuwerenga makumi asanu subokrugov palokha.

mzinda waukulu ndi achinyamata ku Yerusalemu ndi Beit semesi. Mu Baibulo zina anathamanga ulendo ku mapiri a Yudeya Ierusalima.Tel Aviv ndi malonda ndi mafakitale, chikhalidwe ndi malonda pakatikati pa likulu. Malo ambiri kwabasi amati Haifa, limene lili m'mbali mwa zopatulika mapiri la Karimeli.

Israel salakwa tinganene kuti mzinda wa Yerusalemu. Mu malo ano woyera, kudzifutukula zochitika zazikulu za moyo wa Khristu. Ndi mzinda waukulu kwambiri m'chigawo ndi malo makilomita lalikulu 126. Mu Yerusalemu, kunyumba kwa anthu pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu. The chonse cha anthu a Israel ndi pafupi eyiti miyandamiyanda.

mpumulo Israel

Izi gawo dziko awiri mapiri, ndipo zotsatira izi mu zitatu zosiyana m'dera mpumulo.

1 Rift Valley. Monga mChipangano Jordan pambuyo mtsinje ukuyenda pano. Ndi M'mimbamo wapadera, kutanthauza lalikulu Geological vuto zone Siriya African. Mbaliyi Jordan Valley, Hula, Yezereeli, Nyanja Yakufa beseni ndi Wadi al-Arab, ndilo oloza ku Nyanja Yofiira.

2. Mountain nthambi. Eilat chochokera Bay kwa mapiri Lebanon. m'dera akhoza kugawidwa mu magawo atatu. Kum'mwera izo okwera a kumwela chipululu, kumpoto - Galileo, ndi pakati - ku Central okwera, womwenso Samaria, Yudeya, Shfela. Ngati inu kulabadira zinthu mtunda wa Israel m'munda umenewu, tikuona kuti limatuluka mokoma kumadzulo, n'kupanga tcheni lonse la mapiri za meters zana mphambu zinayi mazana awiri mkulu. Mu kum'mawa kwa mapiri dziko ndi steeper ndi phompho, ena angafike makilomita 1.3.

3. madambo a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Umayamba Mzere yopapatiza kumalire Lebanon ndipo akutambasula ku Igupto kudzera kumwela chipululu. Nayenso malowa akhoza kugawidwa m'zigawo zitatu. Pagombe la kumpoto ndipo Zapadnogalileyskoe Zebuloni Valley. Mu gawo la kum'mwera kwa zone Maritime ankaimira gombe Mediterranean, womwenso kumwela Ayuda ndi kumveka. M'chigawo chapakati oyenerera Karimeli Valley gombe ndi Sharon (Sharon).

Pakuti yopapatiza mchenga gombe lagona Mzere wa nthaka yachonde, amene ankachita ndi anthu am'deralo lapansi. N'chifukwa chake malowa ali anaikira ambiri a za Israel. Pa Saroni ndi waukulu doko kuthetsa Tel Aviv, Asidodi, Haifa ndiponso ingachititse pakati angathe ulimi ndi mafakitale boma.

Geological mbali

Dziko makamaka tichipeza miyala ya Mesozoic, zokhudza dongosolo ukachenjede ndi quaternary. Kwambiri ambiri Upper Cretaceous madipoziti, amene ankaimira ndi dolomite, anajambulapo ndi marl. Zoolity ndi sandstones zimachitika pa malo okwera Gileleya ndi malo m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mu kumpoto pali madipoziti lalikulu la choko, amene anapanga m'mapanga a Rosi Hanikra. Koma malo a Isiraeli m'chigwa cha Yorodano ndi limodzi osiyana a dongosolo wamphamvu alluvial.

zigawo miyala mosavuta yagwa kwambiri wa madzi wamba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, m'madera amenewa kwambiri anayamba njira karst. Mapanga, anapanga ku mitundu madzi sungunuka, ambiri mwa Israyeli. Komabe, kukaona yekha lotseguka chimodzi - Avshalom. Komanso pali zambiri mapanga yaing'ono anapanga mwachibadwa, amene mbiri ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina, malo obisala ndi anthu.

nthaka ya Israel

Wapadera malo Hrs a Israel zinakhudza kwambiri kusiyana kwa miyala pansi. Dera la kumadzulo kwa dziko, wopangidwa mwa gombe ndi phiri otsetsereka, dothi wolemera zofiirira, lomwe ndi khalidwe kwa zigawo youma subtropical. Pa dera la malo kum'mawa ndi pakati cholinga phiri imvi bulauni lapansi. Kum'mwera, pali mitundu ya dothi subtropical chipululu.

M'madera ena a kumwela kumpoto anapanga kuwala chikasu chonde loess. Mu m'mphepete mwa nyanja humus okhutira ranges ku 0,75% kuti 2.4% pa akuya padziko, motero. Ground kum'mwera kumwela wapangidwa ndi lubwe ndi sandstone, ndi dziko pachikuto cha Galileya - kuchokera laimu. Chivundikiro nthaka palibe okha ena chipululu ndi phiri malo.

hydrography

Tikayang'ana pamene Israeli, mukhoza kuona kuti adatsutsana malo hydrographic. nkhokwe madzi akuti pa kiyubiki mamita biliyoni 1.8 pachaka. Awa, 1100 amachokera magwero ang'ono ndi mitsinje, 320 - Israel m'chigawo cha Yorodano, ndipo 200 - bere la Yarkon Mtsinje.

Komanso, madzi ndi opangidwa poyeretsa zimbudzi ndi processing wa madzi a m'nyanja. The mosungiramo chachikulu dziko ndi nyanja ya Galileya. Kwa iye pambuyo Rosi ha-Ayin madzi Yarkon-kumwela ndi utali wonse wa pafupifupi 250 makilomita.

Mu kumadzulo kwa mtsinje wa dziko a beseni ndi Mediterranean. Pali ambiri, ndipo ambiri a iwo mophweka uphwetsa m'nyengo yotentha. malire a kum'mawa kwa Israyeli undrained. The mtsinje ambiri amango- dziko imatengedwa mtsinje wa Yorodano. Chifukwa zipangizo hayidiroliki ndi pafupifupi zikutsatiridwa m'matangadza. The kuchotserapo yekha ndi madzi osefukira yochepa. Chidwi kwambiri ndi Nyanja ya Galileya. Ndi mchere pang'ono, koma oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi wolemera mu nsomba.

nyengo

Israel - ndithu ndi dziko laling'ono, koma n'zotheka kukumana kwambiri naini mabacteria osiyana nyengo, zimene zimasiyana malinga ndi malo dera. m'madera Mountain yodziwika ndi yotenthera mwachilungamo otentha ndipo nyengo yozizira. Madera a gombe yodziwika ndi kotentha ndipo nyengo yotenthayi chinyezi. Ndi Yordano Valley ndi wofatsa ndiponso wosangalatsa nyengo, koma otentha kwambiri ndi youma yotentha. zosiyanasiyana amenewa anafotokoza chifukwa mtunda zovuta ndi chipululu mu zone ya kum'mawa ndi moyandikana pa nyanja kumadzulo.

Malo Hrs a Israel amakhudza nyengo. Kwenikweni, dziko lili ndi nyengo subtropical. Zima ndithu ozizira ndi mvula. Air mu January zambiri kutenthetsa digiri 9-22. Kuchuluka kwa mvula imagwera pa December - February, chisanu akugwa kawirikawiri, ndiyeno yekha mu mapiri.

M'chilimwe Israel chimakhala cha April kuti November. Zimagwiritsa wouma ndi kutentha. mpweya ndi kutenthetsa digiri 30-38. Koma chifukwa cha chinyezi osiyana kwambiri m'madera osiyanasiyana kutentha kuti amaona mosiyana. Chinthu chapadera a zaka za pores Israeli kukhala lina Kuuma mphepo. The madzi mu Nyanja Yakufa nthawi konzekera digiri 30 August, ndi 25 - mu February.

Flora

Israel Nature yosiyanasiyana. Pano mukhoza kukumana oimira Sahara ndi Arabia, aku Iran-Turan ndi dera Mediterranean. Zomera za dziko lino pa mitundu 2600, 150 amene angapezeke yekha mu Israeli ndiponso pena paliponse m'dzikoli.

Ponseponse thundu, khangaza, mkuyu, wa maolivi, paini, mlombwa, mkuyu, mchisu carob. Akumeneko amakonda kubzala bulugamu, mthethe ndi Alpine paini mu zone ya nkhalango. Pakuti greening a m'tawuni ntchito casuarina, pistachio, Ficus, oleander ndi bwemba. Malinga ndi malo mwa zomera, mukhoza kudziwa kumene mapeto a Israel ndi malire ake.

zomera

zomera Israel limaimiridwa ndi mitundu 100 nyama, mitundu 500 ya mbalame ndi mitundu 100 zapoizoni. Poyamba zinyama anali wabwino kwambiri. Ku malo awa mbisoweka mkango, Suriya chimbalangondo, ng'ona, oryx, otchedwa Berber nkhosa, onager, mphalapala ugonere ndipo kadzidzi. Komabe pali anapeza dromedary, nkhosa barbary, Nubian mbuzi, insa, mphalapala, Boar zakutchire ndi Oryx.

Komanso, nyama chikhalidwe cha Israel ankaimira madambo aakulu ndi dziko akamba. Alexander yekha mu mtsinje wa Nailo angapezeke mitundu myagkokozhie. Komanso ali kunyumba kwa mamba Palestina, EFA, boa, madzi njoka, wakuda nyoka mabanga psevdovipera. Total angalandire mitundu 30 ya njoka, 8 amene ali chakupha.

The dryness wachibale wa nyengo zimasokoneza chiwerengero cha mitundu ya achule. Iwo ali pano anapereka Moto Salamander, mkombero zimachitikira, bilimankhwe, mtengo chule wamba, Suriya spadefoot umodzi wa achule ndi wobiriwira.

Mwachidule, malo Hrs a Israel mipata yambiri kwa dziko ili. Makamaka kuno amakonda kuyenda wapaulendo chifukwa pogwiritsa ya Mediterranean, Akufa ndi Red Pacific.