Dziko organic ya Indian Ocean. phunziro Indian Ocean

Gwero olemera kwambiri za moyo zosiyanasiyana - ndi nyanja. Aliyense wa asanu analipo padzikoli nyanja wathu ndi kasupe dzikoli organic. Ndipo ngati nyama kudziwika kwa sayansi madzi onse a ena okhala akali sanaidziŵe, mochenjera kubisala mu kuya kwa nyanja.

Izo basi kwalimbitsa chidwi ndi maphunziro, oceanographers asayansi. Kuphunzira nyanja, ku makhalidwe thupi, kutsiriza ndi zosiyanasiyana moyo mu izo, ndi mu Pachithunzipa lero. Taonani dziko organic ya Indian Ocean monga mmodzi wa olemera kwambiri padziko zamoyo.

Makhalidwe ya Indian Ocean

Mwa zina Indian Ocean ndi wachitatu wa gawo wotanganidwa ndi madzi (pambuyo Atlantic ndi Pacific). Indian Ocean katundu zikhoza yodziwika ndi mfundo zingapo izi:

1. Ocean Gawo - pafupifupi mamiliyoni 77 Km ^{2 ..}
2. Indian Ocean dziko organic ndi yosiyanasiyana.
3. Voliyumu ya madzi -. 283,5 mln M ^3.
4. M'lifupi nyanja za 10 thous. Km ^2.
5. Umatsuka mozungulira Europe ndi ku Asia dziko, Africa, Australia ndi Antarctica.
6. Magombe (pamavuto) ndi nyanja zatenga 15% a gawo lonse la nyanja.
7. Chilumba chachikulu - Madagascar.
8. Kuya kwambiri pafupi ndi cisumbu ca Java ku Indonesia - oposa 7 km.
9. Avereji okwana madzi kutentha - 15-18 ⁰ C. uliwonse malo nyanja (pafupi ndi malire ndi zilumba m'nyanja ndi Magombe), kutentha zosiyanasiyana kwambiri.

phunziro Indian Ocean

Amadziwika thupi ili la madzi wakhala kuchokera kalelo. Iye polumikiza kugwirizana kwambiri nsinjiro malonda, nsalu, tsitsi ndi zinthu zina pakati pa anthu a ku Perisiya, Egypt ndi Africa.

Komabe, kuphunzira ya Indian Ocean anayamba patapita nthawi yaitali, masiku a wotchuka Chipwitikizi kuyenda panyanja Vasco da Gama (m'ma XV m'ma). Kuti iye akutchedwa atulukira India, amene ulemu ndi dzina lake nyanja lonse.

Pamaso Vasco da Gama, iye anali ndi mayina osiyanasiyana pakati pa anthu dziko: dziko la Eritrea Nyanja Black Sea, Indikon Pelagos, Bar-El-Hindi. Komabe, m'zaka Ine Pliniy Starshy anamutcha Oceanus Indikus kuti ku Latin anamasuliridwa kuti "Indian Ocean".

More masiku ano sayansi njira kuphunzira dongosolo la pansi, zikuchokera madzi, nyama ndi zomera anthu anayamba kuchitidwa kokha m'zaka za m'ma XIX. Masiku ano, zinyama ya Indian Ocean ndi wa yeniyeni ndi sayansi chidwi kwambiri, komanso nyanja yokha. Asayansi ku Russia, America, Germany ndi mayiko ena zimayesetsa m'magazini ino, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri (zipangizo m'madzi, nthambi).

organic chithunzi dziko

Indian Ocean dziko organic ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu. Pakati pa nyama ndi zomera pali mitunduyi zenizeni komanso yosowa kwambiri.

zosiyanasiyana ake a zotsalira zazomera nyanja kakufanana ndi Pacific Ocean (yeniyeni, mu dera la kumadzulo). Izi ndi chifukwa undercurrents wamba pakati pa nyanja ziwiri.

Ambiri, onse a dziko organic madzi wamba zikhoza m'magulu magulu awiri malinga Habitat:

1. Otentha Indian Ocean.
2. Antarctic gawo.

Pakuti aliyense wa iwo yodziwika ndi zinthu mwini nyengo, mafunde, zinthu zake abiotic. Choncho zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana organic.

Za moyo zosiyanasiyana m'nyanja

Dera zotentha za thupi madzi lili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana planktonic ndi benthic za nyama ndi zomera. algae Common amaonedwa monga trihodesmium unicellular. maganizo awo mu zigawo chapamwamba pa nyanja ndi okwezeka kusintha mtundu wonse wa madzi.

Komanso mu munda dziko organic ya Indian Ocean ukufanizidwa ndi mitundu zotsatirazi algae:

• Sargassum Seaweed;
• turbinarii;
• Caulerpa;
• fitotamnii;
• halimedy;
• mitengoyi.

Wa nyama zing'onozing'ono Ambiri wokongola oimira losonyeza zomera usiku: Physalia, siphonophores, Chisa odzola, tunicates, peridenei, modabwitsa.

Antarctic dera ya Indian Ocean ukufanizidwa ndi Fucus, Laminaria, porphyry, galidiumom, yaikulu makrotsistis. nthumwi za Ufumu nyama (zing'onozing'ono) moyo pano kopipody, evfuazidy, diatomsi.

nsomba zapamwamba

Indian Ocean nyama n'zochepa kapena kungoti zachilendo maonekedwe. Choncho, mwa nsomba ambiri ndi ambiri anapeza nsombazo, kuwala, nsomba ya makerele, dorado, nsomba, rockcod.

Ngati ife kulankhula za ichthyofauna zachilendo, tisaiwale, monga:

• nsomba matanthwe;
• azingobwereza nsomba;
• woyera nsombazi;
• Shaki.

mtengo malonda mwa nsomba ndi nsomba, nsomba ya makerele, dorado ndi rockcod.

The nyama zosiyanasiyana

The zomera ya Indian Ocean ali oimira zotsatirazi mitundu, makalasi, mabanja:

1. Nsomba.
2. Zokwawa (njoka akamba nyanja ndi chimphona).
3. Nyama (zinsomba umuna, zisindikizo, buluu anamgumi sei zinsomba njovu zisindikizo, anamgumiwa, zinsomba ndi mano).
4. Nkhono (chimphona nyamayi, nyamayi, nkhono).
5. Thonje (Mbali yokhala ngati ndi mawonekedwe pakachitsulo);
6. Echinoderms (nyanja kukongola, nkhaka nyanja, urchins nyanja, Chimaona).
7. Nkhanu (nkhanu, nkhanu, lobusitara).
8. Hydroids (tizilombo ting'onoting'ono).
9. Zosiyanasiyana.
10. Ngale (am'nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja kupanga).

Nyama monga kukongola nyanja ndifilimu yowala kwambiri, moyo pansi ndipo ndi mawonekedwe hexagonal ndi zozungulira chosokonekera za thupi. Chifukwa cha iwo, pansi pa madzi ayang'ana yowala ndi kwabasi.

Chimphona nyamayi - lalikulu nyamayi, kutalika chimene chimafika tentacles thupi 1.2m Choncho, nthawi zambiri osapitirira 30 cm m'litali ..

Laimu ndi pakachitsulo thonje mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mapangidwe a Indian pansi pa madzi. Pa ndime ndi mitundu benthic algae, iwo apanga madipoziti lonse la m'dambo Mbali yokhala ngati ndi siliceous.

The chilombo choopsa cha malo awa - nsombazi woyera, miyeso imene kufika mamita 3. Waukali ndi agile kwambiri wakupha, ndi pafupifupi namondwe wamkulu wa Indian Ocean.

wokongola kwambiri ndi chidwi Indian Ocean nsomba - nsomba matanthwe. Iwo kwambiri akuda ndi oddly, ndi tayala, elongated mu msinkhu wa mawonekedwe a thupi. nsomba ndi mochenjera kwambiri angathe kubisala m'nkhalango tizilombo ting'onoting'ono zamoyo, kumene iwo sanathe kupeza mdani aliyense.

zinthu chokhala ya Indian Ocean n'zotheka kukhala zinyama chake zosiyanasiyana komanso zosangalatsa, kukopa anthu amene akufuna kuliphunzira.

masamba dziko

mapu mizere ya Indian Ocean amapereka chithunzithunzi cha mmene iye m'malire. Ndipo kuyambira ichi, amaganiza ena ammudzi chifuniro zomera m'nyanja.

The moyandikana kwa Pacific Ocean kumathandiza kuti ambiri zofiirira ndi wofiira algae, mitundu ya zomwe ndi zofunika malonda. algae Green ali ankatsogoleranso m'madera onse a Indian Ocean.

mbiri chidwi ndi zachilendo kwa kukhala atachuluka chimphona makrotsistisa. Amakhulupirira kuti pali mu m'tchire pa chombo Matanthawuzo ku imfa, chifukwa iwo zosavuta kuti asokonezeka ndipo n'zosatheka mwamtheradi kutuluka.

Mbali yaikulu ya mbewu nyanja dziko zimapanga benthic unicellular, planktonic algae.

kufunika Economic ya Indian Ocean

Nsomba nyama ndi zomera ku Indian Ocean si monga m'ziwawa kuyambira mu nyanja zina zozama ndi nyanja. Pakali pano, nyanja ili ndi dziko malo gwero la amapereka malo mphamvu. Mizere mapu ya Indian Ocean tingasonyeze chisumbu chachikulu ndi chilumba chimene nsomba ambiri otukuka ndi ikuchitika migodi mitengo yofunika kwambiri ya nsomba ndi algae:

• Sri Lanka;
• Hindustan;
• Somalia;
• Madagascar;
• Maldives;
• Seychelles;
• Arabiya.

Pankhaniyi, nyanja ya Indian Ocean nyama kwakukulukulu - lofunika kwambiri zopatsa thanzi mitundu. Komabe, wotchuka kwambiri Mwanjira imeneyi, thupi la madzi amagwiritsa. tanthauzo lake lalikulu kwa anthu lero - kupeza m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, zilumba ndi peninsulas.