Chiwongola dzanja: mbali ndi mitundu ya chiwongola dzanja

Mwina palibe chizindikiro zina za chuma n'chofunikira kwambiri kuti ziyenera a mphamvu ya misika kuwombola akunja, monga mlingo chidwi. Kusiyana chiwongola dzanja kwa ndalama ya ie chiwongola dzanja masiyanidwe ndi chinthu chachikulu kudziwa chikoka wachibale wa ndalama ziwiri, ndi moyenera, kufunika kuthekera kwa wina ndalama. Pa ndalama msika , pali mitundu ingapo ya chiwongola dzanja, amene inakula.

Lingaliro la mlingo chidwi

Tiyenera kuyamba ndi tanthauzo la "chidwi". Chiwerengero amaimira gawo la phindu la udachita ndi wokongoza ku wobwereka ndalama-likulu, kutengedwa ngati ngongole. cent Gwero - phindu zotsala kuti analengedwa ntchito likulu ngongole.

The chiwongola dzanja anatsimikiza malinga ndi mikhalidwe yeniyeni ntchito likulu ngongole, ndipo ndi chinthu ngongole ndalama ndi lamulo ndi Bank wa Central. Mu nkhani iyi, chiwongola dzanja zimalimbikitsa kapena outflow kapena ndalama inflow likulu mu msika mkati. The sayenda likulu ndalama ndi mkulu, ndi gulu lawo pakati pa zachuma dziko kusonyeza chiwongola dzanja. Chidwi chigamulo ndi chida ntchito agwirizane osiyanasiyana mitengo dziko. Kuti utuluke ngati ndalama bwanji osati chidwi arbitrage, komanso kusinthasintha ndalama.

Malinga chakale kusintha maganizo chidwi mlingo chifukwa zotsatira za mlingo wa phindu. mlingo zenizeni chidwi walembedwa ndipo anatsimikiza zokha okwanira ndi akumufuna. Nawonso okwanira ndi kufunika ofunitsitsa ndi ambiri zinthu, kuphatikizapo mlingo wa chikoka boma pa chuma, gawo la chitukuko cha chuma, zinthu zina, malamulo a Bank ku Central ndi zina zotero.

Pali zinthu zina zimene zimakhudza mtengo wa ndalama chidwi:

• msonkho;

• kuopsa ngongole ;

• kuyembekezera mlingo wa kufufuma;

• kusinthitsa ndalama kayendedwe ndi zina zotero.

chiwongola dzanja anapereka Bank ku Central, ndi chida chofunika, ndi thandizo limene kunja ndi mkati ndondomeko. Maziko a mitengo mu ndalama msika ndi mlingo kuchotsera kapena mlingo panopa chidwi pa ntchito chapakati banki. mabanki malonda, atakhala mitengo chidwi angakuthandizeni kuti chiwerengero cha Bank ku Central a dziko.

Mitundu ya chiwongola dzanja

Mu gawo la banki amagwiritsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chiwongola dzanja. Choyamba, mwachindunji chosinthika chiwongola dzanja. Chachiwiri, mitengo msika chidwi ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu mabanki ndi yobetcherana.

chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole ndi madipoziti ali lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu chiwongola dzanja pa ngongole ya anthu zachilengedwe ndi mabungwe alamulo, neinsayderam ndi insiders.

M'madera inflationary, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati mfundo monga weniweni ndi chiwongola dzanja mwadzina. Pansi mlingo mwadzina chidwi kuti mfundo imeneyi, mawerengedwe a amene si n'komwe kufufuma. Popanga ntchito ndalama ngongole ndi chiwongola dzanja kwenikweni amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.

Komanso, chiwongola dzanja ndi kusiyanitsidwa pa kapangidwe ndi mbali zikuluzikulu ndi sekondale, mogwirizana ndi mawu a ndikupeleka - kwa nthawi yaitali yochepa. The chiwongola dzanja akhoza kukhala akuyandama ndi mapulani kuti ndi lomweli silinasinthe. Mlingo akuyandama chidwi ngati pa gawo ndi mawu wotuluka. N'zofunika azilipira kwa zomvetsa wa depositor ndi banki. ntchito zawo akulola Investor zimatsimikizira ponso chuma malinga zinthu pa msika, ndi banki amalola kuti mudziteteze kuwuka mitengo chiwongoladzanja pa ngongole m'tsogolo.