Dera la likulu ndi anthu Abkhazia

Abkhazia - ndi dziko laling'ono, koma ndi mbiri chidwi kwambiri ndi wolemera cholowa.

alikuti

Dera la boma lili kumpoto Caucasus. Iwo ali m'malire ndi mayiko awiri - Georgia ndi Russia. Pakati pa mitsinje Psou ndi Inguri akutambasula Abkhazia. Nyanja amatsuka kugombe la dziko lino kum'mwera. Ndondomeko Hrs wa dziko 43 madigiri kumpoto kumpoto ndi madigiri 41 kum'mawa longitude. M'chigawo chakumpoto ndi chimathandiza wa lokwera Main wa Caucasus mapiri kum'mwera kumadzulo mwanyanja ali wotanganidwa ndi zigwa.

A mwachidule mbiri

Anthu zakwawoko wa Abkhazia amachokera anthu wakale wa Western Caucasus. The yolembedwa ndi Asuri wa Mfumu Tigilati Pilesere iwo latchulidwa monga Abeshla mu mabuku akale ndi Abazgs mafuko ndi Apsils. Kale, pamaso yathu ino pa dera la Abkhazia ano madera Chigiriki. Kudzera mwa mphamvu ya Greek pano inapita patsogolo chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma. Anapereka ulamuliro wa Rome, amene anali malonda yogwira. Kodi tsopano mzinda wa Sukhum, Abkhazia anali malo akale a nthawi imeneyo - Sebastopolis.

Mu 4 m'ma AD pa gawo izo anapanga maukulu atatu: Apsilia, Abazgia ndi Sanigia. Analephera kuukira wa makamu Arab zinachititsa kuti yogwirizanitsa awo. Choncho ananyamuka oyambirira boma ang'onoang'ono - ufumu Abkhazian.

Kuyambira kale, zitsulo wakhala akupangidwa kuno. Mwachitsanzo, mu malire cha kumtunda kwa mtsinje Bzyb (Bashkapsara chigawo) Mkuwa anapeza amene anayamba kupanga pamaso yathu ino. Ngakhale masiku amenewo izo katswiri yopanga zitsulo. Kuzungulira dziko ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zitsulo kuyambira Mkuwa Age.

Mu 1810 Abkhazia anakhala gawo la Russia. Apa pali linalembedwa, analengedwa pa maziko a Russian. Pamene anapanga Soviet Union, izo wakula mu Abkhaz SSR.

likulu

Capital a boma ndi mzinda wa Sukhumi. Malowa ali pamtunda pakati pa Abkhazia pa Black Sea gombe la m'chigwa cha pakati pa mitsinje ndi Gumista Kyalasur. Nearby ndi yaing'ono Sukhumi Bay. Panopa mzinda chimakwirira kudera la makilomita lalikulu 23.

mzinda ndi akale kwambiri, mbiri yake kunayamba AD. Iwo ananyamuka chifukwa ankalamulira wakale Greek. Maziko amalonda wake Greek ku Mileto. Poyamba mzinda unkatchedwa Dioskuriya. Iwo ananyamuka osati kuchokera zikande, pali kale midzi wakale.

Mu ulamuliro wa mzinda wa Roma, dzina lake Sebastopolis. Kuteteza adani kunja linga inamangidwa pano. Ndiye anadza dzina Tskhum, ndiyeno Turkey anadzatchedwa kuti Sukhumi-Kale (m'ma 16). M'zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa, Turkey anagonjetsedwa ndipo m'mudzimo zinafika kamodzinso a Abkhazians. Mu zaka za m'ma 19, Abkhazia mbali ya Russian Ufumu, ndi mzinda wa Sukhum-Kale pakati pa zaka za m'ma ankatchedwa chabe Sukhum. Pamene Abkhazia anakhala gawo la Georgia, mzindawo unakhala Sukhumi. Utatha Soviet Union ndi ufulu wa Sukhum ankatchedwa kachiwiri.

Mu likulu la Abkhazia pali zambiri zipilala mbiri: mabwinja a mzinda wakale Greek, Bridge wa Mfumukazi Tamara, Muhajirs Quay (St. Michael), chinyumba cha Bagrat ndi Marheul (mchere masika). Mamangidwe a mzinda unkagwiritsidwa cholowa cha Russian Ufumu ndi la Soviet Union. Zambiri nyumba yakale ndi nyumba zikuluzikulu zamakono pamodzi midadada Soviet. mzinda ndi anthu ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, anthu a zipembedzo zosiyana achipembedzo. Kwa Akhristu, pali malo apadera a Haji - Kamansky Temple (10-12 atumwi), amagwirizana ndi Saint John Chrysostom.

Abkhazia linalandira ufulu

Utatha la Soviet Union, Abkhazia anafuna kumanga mu Georgia, imene yakhala chokhala paubwenzi ofanana. Komabe, akuluakulu a Chijojiya anali kutsutsana, kuti chinali chiyambi cha nkhondo usilikali. asilikali Chijojiya atalanda dera la Abkhazia mu 1992, anthu zakwawoko wa Abkhazia kuposa njira iliyonse, anawononga zipilala za chikhalidwe osauka mwauzimu. Chifukwa cha nkhondo izi zonse wamagazi anayamba. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, magulu Abkhaz athamangisa Georgia ku madera ake. Panali pano popanda thandizo la odzipereka ochokera kum'mwera Russia. The nkhondo kunatha mu 1994, malamulo atsopano Analeredwa. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri Abkhazia potsiriza anakhala boma mwayekha. Russia anazindikira ufulu wodzilamulira, ndi m'mayiko ena ambiri.

anthu

Chiwerengero cha Abkhazia angafanane kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa Mwachitsanzo, mzinda waung'ono. Ngakhale pamaso kugwa kwa USSR (1989) zikukhalira pano anthu pafupifupi 500 zikwi. Ambiri anali a ku Georgia mafuko, ndi pamalo wachiwiri anali Abkhazians. Ndiye anadza ku Armenia, Russian ndi Greek. Kwa zaka 14, anthu ali amagwa 320,000 (malinga 2003). Kalembera imachitika mu 2011 anasonyeza kuti anthu Abkhazia kale anthu 242.000. Mbali yaikulu ya anthu ake amakhala kumidzi. Lero, zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu a Abkhazia lagawidwa motere: ndi Abkhazians (ambiri), Chiameniya, Chijojiya, Russian ndi Greek. boma ankaona kuti azikhalidwe, kuwonjezera pa anthu awa, komabe moyo, Ukrainians, Estonians, Ayuda ndi Turkey.

Chiwerengero cha Abkhazia ndi anagawira m'madera osiyanasiyana: Gagra (mtsogoleri chiwerengero), Gadautsky, Sukhumi, Gulripsh, Ochamchira, Tkuarchal, Gali.

mitundu mitundu

Flag wa Republic of Abkhazia ukufanizidwa ndi rectangle ndi alternating yopingasa wobiriwira ndi woyera mikwingwirima. Mu ngodya chapamwamba lamanja la rectangle ndi lofiirira, imene ikusonyeza kanjedza ndi nyenyezi 7 (7 m'maboma mbiri).

Chovala manja lagawidwa amachepetsa ziwiri: wobiriwira ndi woyera. Komanso limatisonyeza wokwera pa akuthamanga pa kavalo ndi kuyamba mu mlengalenga muvi. Green likuimira moyo, woyera - mzimu. chiwembu mmene choyimira kugwirizana ndi epic amunamuna a Abkhazia. Pansi wokwera ndi nyenyezi, kufanizira kubadwanso, nyenyezi zina ziwiri za wokwera - izo ndi kum'mawa, ndi kumadzulo.

chikhalidwe

Abkhazia ili kumpoto chakumadzulo Caucasus. Ambiri m'dzikoli ndi mapiri. The chimbuzi ku dziko - phiri Dombai-Ulgen (mamita 4046), yomwe ili m'malire a Abkhazia ndi Karachay-Cherkessia (Russia).

Chilengedwe pano ndiwokongola: chofewa chili pamwamba paphiri lalitali, m'mapanga ndi nkhalango namwali zimafanana ndi nyanja. Izi wotchuka Abkhazia. Nyanja ndi ofunda ndi gombe lake akutambasula makilomita 210. Ku mapiri ikuyenda pansi mitsinje zakutchire, iwo anyamula madzi oyera kunyanja. Yaikulu ya iwo: Cawdor ndi Bzyb. M'mapiri pali kwabasi nyanja - Rizza ndi Amtkyal. M'tsinde ndi phiri otsetsereka okutidwa ndi nkhalango, amene kukula osowa zimasokoneza - boxwood ndipo ananyamula. Zomera Abkhazia zikuphatikizapo 2000 mitundu. Apa kukula 400 kuderako Caucasus, oposa 100 imapezeka m'dera limeneli. Pa Cape Pitsunda kukula relict Pitsunda pine.

nyengo

Apa izo chogwidwa ndi chinyezi subtropical nyengo. Weather mu Abkhazia makamaka ofunda, ngakhale mu ozizira mwezi kutentha akutsikira pansi pa ziro, osachepera madigiri 4. M'chilimwe kutentha omasuka +22 ... + 24 madigiri. Popeza ambiri a gawo lawo wotanganidwa ndi mapiri, ndi zimene ananena okwera kufotokoza. Weather mu Abkhazia ndi osiyana m'madera osiyana. Msinkhu wa mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja, pali malo nyengo ofunda ndi amtengo-chinyezi. Apamwamba mvula ukuwonjezeka, kumakhaladi yozizira. Pamalo okwera mamita 2800 amayamba zone kumene chisanu chaka chonse ndipo si kusungunula.