Monga Cossacks moyo. History of Russia: Cossacks

chodabwitsa moteromo m'mbiri, monga Cossacks ndi chokhala mu chikumbumtima ano munthu kuwala chotchinga cha chinsinsi, masamu ndipo ngakhale mtundu wa zongoganiza. Anthu awa mbiri za lililonse - kuchokera zoyambitsidwa chotheka kuti ambiri a nthano zimenezi.

Nkosafuna kunena kangati pa Cossacks awonekere masamba a mabuku, mafilimu kukhala otchuka. Mmodzi chamoyo onena za Zopatsa awo ofunika chinachake!

Pomaliza, kuchuluka yaikulu kafukufuku mbiri umalimbana kudziŵa mmene Cossacks moyo, chimene iwo anakhulupirira monga anamenyana pa mbali iti.

ndi amene iwo

Pali Mabaibulo monga mwa chikhalidwe ndi chiyambi cha oimira izi mtundu wa asilikali analibe nthawi ya moyo wawo mu maonekedwe ake apachiyambi pambuyo. Ena ananena kuti Cossacks woyamba anali kokha serfs amathawathawa ndi Old Okhulupirira, safuna kutenga mzimu wa nthawi ndipo anapita kunja kwa mzinda wa boma.

Ena mwa kupenda mmene Cossacks moyo, absented iwo mfulu mogwirizana madera ena ndipo asankha chapadera kwambiri, zachilendo pa ntchito nthawi. Iwo ankatchedwa "nagaechnikami", ndipo m'kupita kwa maso anatsimikiza yekha monga "Agalu wa autocracy lapansi."

Kuyesa kudziwa mmene Cossacks moyo, zimene iwo amchita, ndi mmene anatuluka, olemba mbiri anatembenuka kuphunzira makhalidwe a moyo wawo, mu lotanthauzira mawu ena kuyesera kudziwa chiyambi cha anthu awa, anaphunzira mipukutu imene amatchulidwa. Zonsezi Koma sanali kupereka yankho lomveka bwino - malingaliro, monga munthu angayembekezere, anagawa. Akatswiri ena amatchula magwero a Cossacks wa Chitata mfunda kuti atichitire ntchito yogwira akavalo. Other (mwachitsanzo, mu Oxford) ankakhulupirira wothawa awo Russian wamba ndi anthu ophweka kuzunzidwa chifukwa cha chipembedzo chawo.

Kuyambira mfundo zinenero view,

More kapena zochepa kuyandikira chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti zinsinsi za chiyambi cha Cossacks analola, oddly mokwanira, akatswiri a zinenero. Atsimikiza kuti mawu amene anaonekera mu chinenero cha Chirasha mchikakamizo cha Cossacks ndi, etymologically ndiribe kanthu kochita ndi mizu Turkic. M'malo mwake, iwo unayamba m'zilembo wakale, khalidwe la Sarmatians ndi Asikuti. Chitsanzo pa nkhani imeneyi ndi maina malo m'gulu chinenero Russian mchikakamizo cha Cossacks: Don, Danube ndi maina ena a mitsinje.

Phindu la mawu akuti "Cossack" anali wotsimikiza. Pa kapangidwe kwambiri ake anaika manenedwe: khalidwe muzu "Azirikamu" akhoza ukugwira kuti mawu amakono "ufulu" ndi suffix "Mac" limanena zokhudza chiyambi cha adjective ku nauni ndi. Choncho, liwu lonse akhoza m'malo kwa kamvedwe ka mitundu "wopanda".

anali ntchitoyo Kodi

Monga tanenera kale, Cossacks poyamba anakakhala wa kunja kwa dziko, nduna akadali wopanda dziko. Ndimapanga kakang'ono ndipo kenako anayamba kuwonjezera m'deralo, iwo anapanga okha makamaka moyo wawo, worldview, ubale ndi chilengedwe. Pofuna kumvetsa mmene Cossacks ankakhala poyamba, kulipira mokwanira mfundo imeneyi kale.

Mwamtheradi kukayika kuti 'pokhala atichotsa "kumalire ndi dziko lina, iwo analibe mankhwala ena koma kuteteza malire ake omwe ndi kuwasokoneza kunja. Poyamba, zimenezi zinali zofunika, ndipo kenako mu mtundu wa utumiki, umene boma anali okonzeka kulipira.

N'chifukwa chiyani n'kopindulitsa kuwagonjera

Monga tanena kale, ufulu kukoma anthu athana bwino ndi chitetezo cha malo awo. Komanso, Cossacks mu nkhondo ndi kunyumba anasonyeza chidwi kwambiri - iwo katswiri steppe, pang'onopang'ono kukhala mphamvu weniweni kuiona bwino. Kuwonjezeka mphamvu zawo mwina koma nkhawa bolodi, ndi kufunafuna yimitsira, chiwonongeko ndi Kugonja anaopseza zomvetsa okwanira. Yankho ndi yopindulitsa kwa mbali zonse, kunali kukhazikitsidwa kwa Cossacks mu utumiki wothandiza, amene Inde chifukwa chidachitika, ikusonyeza mbiri.

akulembedwa loyamba

Mfundo mgwirizano wa nkhondo ndi ufulu okonda anthu ndi wonyada ndi akuluakulu a komiti kwambiri. The chosonyeza loyamba la kusintha kwa ntchito mmboma imatengedwa hayala, olembedwa Ivanom Groznym, malinga ndi zomwe, Don Cossacks mbali ya asilikali achifumu.

Ndi kuchokera kuno, kuchokera pa mfundo imeneyi, nyengo yatsopano inayamba mu Nsanja ya mgwirizano asilikali. The Cossacks anatiika ganyu kuteteza malire kum'mwera kwa dzikoli. Kuyambira pamenepo, asilikali wakhala mofulumira kukula, kuwonjezera Mabuku awo, kupanga midzi latsopano ndi ufulu wa eni mkulu amasankha m'mayiko allocated. Don Cossacks wotanganidwa kugombe la malo lotseguka Seversky Donets, Nyamuliranani, Buzuluk ndi makhwawa ena.

njira ya moyo

Poyamba, oimira izi mtundu wa asilikali anapatsidwa ufulu pafupifupi mtheradi, akuwonetseredwa mu kudziletsa kudziyimira pawokha kumasulila ndi chipembedzo chawo, peculiarities wa moyo, chinenero ndi moyo. Cossacks Russian pang'onopang'ono anayamba kutaya mwayi, kusiya asilikali wamba atumiki amene pomvera lamulo lachifumu moyo.

Kusintha kwa 1798 kusiyana pakati pawo ndi zina asilikali anali pafupifupi angaimbidwenso. Cossacks la Russia ankanena ukugwira kwa asilikari tithe asilikali kutsatira ambiri amavomereza. Choncho m'malo Captain anaonekera akazembe ndi Khorunzhiy m'malo mwa dziko bwino cornets.

Kuyambira 1835, mbiri ya Cossacks muli latsopano, ndithu kukhota lakuthwa. Pa dzanja limodzi, mbali iyi nkhondowo dzanja kudziyimira pawokha limene lapezeka mawu a moyo chipangizo. midzi Cossack anakhala mtundu wa chatsekedwa kwa akunja gawo. Komano, kulowa usilikali unakhalapo kuyambira nthawi imeneyi kwa zaka 18 ndi 43, koma lamulo wake wachifumu watikhulupilira cholowa yokhudza malo osati komanso udindo wa otchuka, ndipo ngakhale zawo serfs.

Kuyambira pamenepo, mbiri ya Cossacks panali kwambiri kusintha malangizo zabwino kapena zoipa. mthupi mwawo zikusintha, kutenga mbali zonse latsopano. chinthu chimodzi amakhalabe zikutsatiridwa - udindo ankaimba ndi ankhondo izi mu mbiri ya Russia.