Prince Alexander Nevsky: yonena za munthu wamkulu

Prince Alexander Nevsky, amene yonena n'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri, anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri awo Russian, amene adakali osati adakumbukira, koma akulemekezedwa. nkhondo wake ndipo anamanganso eni maganizo ndi akuluakulu a m'badwo ano, ngakhale anakhala kalekale.

Kubadwa ndi banja

Alexander Nevsky (yonena amadziwika, mfundo zabwino ndithu) anabadwa pa May 13, 1221 mu Kalonga angapo Jaroslav Vsevolodich ndi Theodosia Mstislavovna (mwana wamkazi wa Mstislav kuchotsedwa). Sinthani mu ankakonda Novgorod wamng'ono kalonga wanu anakhala kuyambira 1236, ndi ulamuliro wake ladzala ndi spores nzika wopulupudza. Novgorod unali mzinda, amene sanafune unquestioningly kumvera aliyense. Alexander kukwatira 1239, iwo anasankha kuti akhale mkazi wake kalonga wa Polotsk Alexandra Bryachislavnu. ukwati anaitana ana atatu: Daniel anadzakhala mkulu wa Moscow, ndi wotchedwa Dmitry ndi Andrey - ndi Vladimir.

Nkhondo ya Neva ndi nkhondo on Lake Peipus

Glorious nkhondo imene kalonga muli dzina lake, anali July 15, 1240 pa magombe a Neva. Alexander anakwanitsa munganyansidwe nkhondo ya asilikali Swedish molamulidwa ndi wotchuka Birger Jarl (kenako adzakhale wolamulira wa Poland), kusunga gawo pa gombe la Gulf wa Finland ndipo sadzadwalanso kutseka funso zonena asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda kuti mayiko amenewa. Alexander Nevsky (yonena wake anafotokoza mfundo imeneyi) atangochoka nkhondo masamba Novgorod, kachiwiri sanapeze pamodzi ndi anthu (ndipo kachiwiri, monga nthawi yonse, anali mu chikondi ufulu wa Novgorod) ndipo anasamukira ku Pereslavl.

Komabe, izi sanakhalitse opal yaitali. Novgorod sakanakhoza kuchita wopanda mtsogoleri ulemerero nkhondo, chifukwa nthawi iliyonse munthu wina atafuna mwapang'onopang'ono m'dziko lawo. nthawi iyi kunapezeka kuti afumye Chilituyaniya Grand Duke ndi dongosolo Livonia. Kwenikweni, ndi Order mwalamulo feuded ndi akalonga Russian. Pakati ake kwa moŵa nthawi yaitali kugawanika. Gawo la Ankhondo mokomera kupitiriza yokopa m'Dziko Woyera, pamene winayo amafuna misonkhano anatitumiza kum'mawa, mayiko a Russia ndi anansi ake. Makamaka, Livonia Knights nkhondo wotchuka nawo pang'ono, ambiri a asilikali a kalonga Chilituyaniya. Prince Alexander Nevsky, amene mbiri limafotokoza nkhani, kuyankha pempho la Novgorod ndi kumbuyo. Otchuka kwa zaka nkhondo kunachitika pa ayezi atavala mu Nyanja Chud (ngakhale malo enieni samadziwidwa mpaka) mu 1242 pa 5 April. Kugonjetsedwa kwa Adani kupereka zonse, molimba Order anapatsidwa kugonjetsedwa izi. Choncho, Prince Alexander Nevsky (yonena wake ladzala ndi machitidwe oterewa) ndipo anaonetsetsa chitetezo cha malire a kumadzulo kwa Russia.

Rome ndi gulu

The awiri nkhondo - pa Neva Mtsinje ndi Nyanja Peipus - basi alemekezedwa mwa zaka komanso chifukwa iwo okha kwa Russia pa nthawi. Kummawa izo zikukhalira zoipa. akalonga Russian sanathe kuti abwere pamodzi ndi kumenya nkhondo pa kuukira kwa mdani wamphamvu - chiguluchi, ndipo tsopano iwo anali kutsatira khans ndi, kupita ku likulu lawo chopezera zolemba pa ufulu kulamulira m'mayiko awo omwewo. Izi anali atamwalira atate wake anapita ku gulu ndi abale Alexander ndi Andrew. The wamkulu bolodi ali m'mayiko a kum'mwera kwa Russia, kuphatikizapo Kiev, ndipo wamng'ono - kumpoto. Komabe, kalonga akadali akubwerera ku Novgorod lapamtima. Ndipo apa pali chinthu china kuti ndi yonena Aleksandra Nevskogo (mwachidule ayenera mulinso mfundo) limatsindika kwambiri. Ngakhale mphamvu ya Mongolia ndi mavuto awo, kalonga salandira chithandizo ku West posinthanitsa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikatolika. Zimenezi zimapereka ndi kuvumbitsira Papa Innocent IV, koma analandira chokana categorical.

Pambuyo chipwirikiti mkati ambiri gulu (kupasula Hanshi Ogul Hashim Khan Mangu) Alexander afika ndi Simungachite kulamulira mu Novgorod mu 1242. Koma voknyazhilsya mumzinda iye sakanakhoza - m'bale wace Andereya, ndi thandizo lochokera ku Chigalashiya Prince Daniel Romanovich ndi Prince wa Tver, anakana kusiya mphamvu. Komabe, posakhalitsa, Alexander akadali anakwanitsa kufika ku Novgorod. Alexander Nevsky (mbiri yake ndi zonse kugonjetsedwa ulemerero ndi nthumwi) pa ulendo wa Golden gulu anakwanitsa kugogoda anthu ake mwayi kuti nawo anagonjetsa yokopa Mongol. Komabe, pa njira ku Prince imagwera kudwala ndi kumwalira mu Gorodets, yomwe ili pa Volga Mtsinje, 14 November 1263. Version wa poyizoni wa Mongolia wake kulibe, koma kutsimikizira izo lero, palibe njira.

Kulambira woyera

Vladimir anayamba kuwerenga izo mmbuyo mu 1280, koma canonization boma anabwera mochedwa. Alexander Nevsky anakhala woyang'anira wa Russia osati kenako Russian, ndi zochuluka anali anasonyeza osati folklore ndi nthano, koma kenako mu mabuku ndi mafilimu a kanema.