Nkhondo, Turkey: mndandanda, maonekedwe, mbiri ndi mavuto. The nkhondo yapachiweniweni mu mbiri Turkey, ndi mfundo zosangalatsa ndiponso zotsatirapo

Nkhondo, Turkey - imodzi mwa nkhani zogwirizana kwambiri ndi chidwi osati sayansi mbiri, komanso sayansi yamakono ndale. Kwa zaka zingapo dziko lino, limene linali maziko a Ottoman anamenyana m'madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ku Europe. Kuphunzira vutoli kumatithandiza kuzindikira zambiri zenizeni za moyo watsopano wa dziko.

nkhondo ya kum'mwera

Chifukwa cha kukumana kwa dziko lathu ufumuwo anali nkhondo yoyamba ndi Turkey, komwe kunachitika mu 1568-1570-ntchentche. The Sultan anayesa kulanda Astrakhan, umene unali wa Moscow State. Pa nthawi yomanga womwewo wa ngalande anayamba pakati pa Volga ndi Don. Komabe, pofuna uwu wa mbali Turkey kulimbitsa malo ake pakamwa pa mtsinje loyamba inatha mu kulephera: wotumidwa kuchokera kwa likulu la detachment Russian amakakamizidwa mdani kuukitsa asilikali, ndi zombo wake anamwalira mu mkuntho.

Nkhondo yachiwiri ndi Turkey zinachitika mu 1672-1681, motero. Ndiye wolamulira wa ufumu anayesera zolimbitsira ake mu kumanja Bank Ukraine. Hetman anatsimikizidwa m'manja mwa Sultan, patapita nthawi awiri anapita kukamenyana Poland. Ndiye Moscow kulengeza nkhondo pa mfumu, pofuna kuteteza malo ake mu lamanzere gombe Ukraine. Kulimbana waukulu anali zithandize likulu hetman Chigirin kuti alternately wadutsa kuchokera ku dzanja m'manja. Pomaliza, asilikali Russian anakakamizika anachoka kumeneko, koma Moscow timayesetsa kukhala malo ake m'mbuyomu, pamene yakumeneko analimbikitsidwa mbali Hetman a.

Kulimbana mwayi kunyanja

Nkhondo ya pakati Turkey ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya anali mu chaka 1686-1700. Panthawi imeneyi, Africa unakhazikitsidwa League Woyera ndi maganizo olowa. Dziko lathu adachimanga mgwirizano umenewu, ndipo mu 1686 ndi 1689 asilikali Russian molamulidwa ndi Golitsyn anapanga ulendo wa Crimea, amene Komabe, analephera. Komabe, zaka sikisi, Peter ndinatenga Azov, amene anali linalanda ndi gawo la dziko lathu.

Nkhondo ya pakati Turkey ndi Russia anali makamaka chikugwirizana ndi chilakolako cha otsiriza kutenga kuchisunga zombo ake kum'mwera. Izi zinali zofunika kwambiri ku boma liyenera, amene m'chaka cha 1735 anatumiza asilikali Russian molamulidwa ndi B. Minich mu Crimea. Poyamba, asilikali opareshoni bwinobwino, iwo anatha kugwila angapo m'malinga, koma chifukwa cha Mliri wa, iye anakakamizika abwerere. zochitika tsoka zinachitika, ndi kuti kutsogolo, amene anapanga dziko lathu angakuthandizeni Austria, amene analephera adzawathamangitsa Turkey ku malo awo. Chifukwa, Russia sizinawakhudze cholinga, koma anapitiriza Azov.

nthawi Catherine

Turkey nkhondo mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma 18 sizinali bwino choncho dziko lino. Zinali m'kupita kwa makampani awiri bwino Russia ankalowa Nyanja Black ndipo analimbikitsidwa ndi gombe lake, anali ndi ufulu kusunga zombo wake pano. Zinali bwino lalikulu limene lidatsirizika udindo wa ufumu wa achinyamata mu dera kum'mwera. nkhondo inayamba chifukwa cha zonena za Sultan kuti asilikali Russian anawoloka malire a boma lake. Poyamba, asilikali a Russia sanali zabwino kwambiri ndipo anangolemba. Komabe, mu 1770 anatha kukwaniritsa Danube, ndi zombo Russian anapambana angapo kugonjetsa nyanja. Chigonjetso lalikulu linali kusintha kwa Crimea pansi pa protectorate la Russia. Komanso, ambiri m'madera pakati pa mitsinje anapita dziko lathu.

zaka khumi ndi zitatu kenako nkhondo ina kunabuka pakati pa mayiko, zotsatira amene anatsimikizira chigonjetso latsopano akupeza m'zigawozo dziko. Malinga ndi Pangano la Jassy, pachilumbachi potsiriza anatumizidwa kwa Ufumu, monga anabwerera angapo maukulu Danubian. nkhondo awiriwa analimbitsa udindo wa dziko lathu monga mphamvu apanyanja. Kuyambira pamenepo iye anapambana kuchisunga zombo wake pa nyanja yakhala kwambiri kukodzedwa m'gawo lake kum'mwera.

Mikangano pa zana la 19

Khumi nkhondo Russian ndi Turkey unali olumikizidwa ndi chitsutso kwa chigawo cha zigawo kum'mwera ndi nyanja, amene anali kufunika njira kwa mitundu yonse. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma chifukwa kukumana latsopano anali phukusi la mbali Turkey mu zochitika mkati mwa maukulu Danubian, amene olamulira anachotsedwa mphamvu popanda kugwirizana ndi adani awo. Sitepe anatengedwa pa angayambitse boma la France, amene masamu kuzengereza magulu a asilikali Russian ku zisudzo European ntchito. Chifukwa cha nkhondo yaitali, yomwe inatenga zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mbali Turkey anakana Bessarabia, ndi maukulu Danubian wabweza kudziyimira pawokha.

Mu zaka 1828-1829 panali nkhondo yatsopano pakati limati. Panthawi imeneyi, chifukwa mwachindunji nkhondo anatumikira monga ufulu Greek. Russia m'gulu la France ndi Britain msonkhano. Mphamvu Authority analengeza Greece ndi kugombe la kum'mawa kwa Nyanja Black wachoka ku dziko lathu.

Kulimbana pakati pa zaka za m'ma

nkhondo Russia ndi Turkey adzapitiriza mu theka lachiwiri la zana la 19. The atasemphana lalikulu kwambiri zinachitika mu 1853-1856, motero. Nicholas Ndinkaphunzitsa amasulidwe limati Balkan mu ulamuliro Ottoman, choncho ngakhale Luso lopeka odana ndi Russian mgwirizano wa ŵa ku Ulaya, anatumiza asilikali mu maukulu Danubian poyankha kwa mfumu ina kulengeza nkhondo pa dziko lathu.

Poyamba, zombo za m'banja anapambana chigonjetso, koma chaka chamawa kanthu mkangano, Britain ndi France, kenako magulu Russian anayamba kuvutika zigonjetso. Ngakhale kuzinga amunamuna a Sevastopol, Turkey anapindula akupambana. Mbali yapadera ya nkhondo imeneyi chinali chakuti nkhondo anapita pa Black Sea gombe, ndi Pacific Ocean ndi Nyanja White. Chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa Russia anasiya kuchisunga zombo pa Black Sea gombe, ndipo anataya ena wambiri ake.

yokopa Recent

Nkhondo pakati Russia ndi Turkey bwanji zinthu osati m'mayiko amenewa komanso limati zina. nkhondo lotsatira zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa Alexander II. nthawi iyi asilikali Russian anapambana mndandanda wa kupambana kwakukulu, chifukwa cha zomwe dziko wathu kamodzinso anapezanso lamanja kusunga zombo mu Nyanja Black, mphepete mwa dziko lathu linasamukira m'madera ena anthu Armenia ndi ku Georgia. The atasemphana otsiriza zinachitika pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba. Ngakhale kuti asilikali Russian anapambana nambala ya kupambana ndipo anasamukira kumtunda Komabe, m'madera izi sizinachitike Ufumuyo Soviet Russia. Zotsatira zake zikuluzikulu za nkhondo imeneyi ayenera kutengedwa ngati kugwa kwa maufumu onse.

wodzilamulira Movement

Turkey Nkhondo ya wodzilamulira anapitiriza 1919-1923, motero. Iwo ankapita ndi Mustafa Kemal, amene anagwirizana ndi magulu dziko ndi Aisiraeli, amene anagwira mbali yaikulu ya dziko. Ndi boma ngati angakuthandizeni la Germany mumsasa wa otayika, ndipo anakakamizika kuvomereza mawu a armistice, malinga ndi zimene Entente wotanganidwa kumunda wake. zochitika anayamba ndi ntchito a magulu Greek mzinda wa umatchedwa Izmir. Otsatirawa mphamvu French komanso anafika pa pachilumbachi. Izi zayambitsa kuwuka kwa dziko kayendedwe kumasulidwa, lotsogoledwa ndi Kemal Ataturk.

Zochitika pa kum'mawa amadzibisa Western

Turkey nkhondo, ndi mbiri za zomwe kumagwirizana ndi Russia, anapitiriza kukhala zana la 20. boma latsopano amafunika malo oyamba kudziteteza ku mbali Chiameniya. Turkey adakwanitsa kupambana ndi kulemba pangano ndi mphamvu Soviet ubwenzi. Izo zinali zofunika kwambiri m'mayiko onse, monga iwo anali olekanitsidwa ndale m'bwalo lonse. Pambuyo pake, Kemal anaikira mphamvu zawo zonse ku kumasulidwa kwa Constantinople, amene anali kulamulidwa ndi adani. Otsiriza anayesa boma latsopano, koma analephera, kuyambira gawo lalikulu la Turkey anasamukira ku mbali ya dziko kumasulidwa kutsogolo kwa Ataturk.

Nkhondo ndi France

Mu zaka 1916-1921 a magulu Turkey kukakumana ndi asilikali a ku France, anakakhala ku Kilikiya. Nkhondoyi anapitirira ndi bwino osiyanasiyana, koma pambuyo Agiriki anaimitsidwa, Kemal analimbikitsidwa kuchitapo kanthu. Komabe, kupambana anali kwakukulukulu atathana kudzera zamtendere, imene mbali ziwiri analephera kufika pangano. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka chakuti ndalama French, ndi maiko onse anali kukonda normalizing asapita akhala padera mu chuma Turkey. Zotsatira zake zazikulu za nkhondo ufulu anali chiyembekezo chakuti kwa Sultan ndi kusintha kwa boma ku Republic of palokha boma.

Momwe zinthu zikusinthira

zinthu umoyo ndale mu dziko lero wakhala yomangika kwambiri. Limodzi mwa mavuto ambiri ofunika - ndi funso la anthu Chikudishi, umene uli kale zaka zingapo kumenyana ndi boma lawo. Kuchokera pa zochitika zaposachedwapa, ambiri akatswiri andale amati pali weniweni yapachiweniweni nkhondo ku Turkey. Iwo kukuwonjezera vuto ndi chakuti m'dziko limene ndi dziko boma, malo Islam akadali ndi mphamvu zokwanira, ndi zimautsa angapo kusiyana mlingo lovomerezeka ndi maganizo a mbali ina ya anthu.

Kulonga n'cigwagwa, tikhoza kunena kuti chinthu chidwi kwambiri zochitika pamwamba n'chakuti pambuyo chiyambi cha m'ma 20 pakati dziko lathu ndi boma la Turkey panalibe nkhondo. Lero ndi nkhawa zinthu mkati mu dziko, amene amapereka malo kunena akatswiri ena kuti pali nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Turkey.