Kantchito: gulu la zinthu mafakitale zachilengedwe. Ukhondo gulu la kantchito

Kuwonjezera chimango malamulo ndipo amasonyeza kusintha kantchito. Gulu la kantchito ali chofunika kwambiri zizindikiro ntchito, komanso thanzi, ntchito moyo, maganizo awo ndi ntchito yawo ndi zotsatira zake. Kuchokera pa zochitika, ndalama za chitukuko kusintha zinthu wolungama ntchito ndi kwathunthu kulipira patapita zaka zitatu ndi zisanu.

Njira sayansi

Mu sayansi, pali tanthauzo lake la kantchito. Monga ulamuliro, mawu akunena kwa m'ndandanda wa zinthu zokolola, omwe kufunika mwachindunji kuti boma thupi ndi maganizo a munthu (thanzi, umoyo, ubale ndi ntchito), komanso zimakhudza mphamvu ya ntchito yomwe inakhazikitsidwa. Choncho ikuimira mfundo monga gulu la kantchito pa mmene chilengedwe zinthu.

Akatswiri apeza zinthu zambiri akanadziŵa zinthu ntchito. Gawo lawo anatsimikiza m'njira ziwiri: woyamba ndi amene zochokera mbali kupanga, ndipo chachiwiri - amene chikhalidwe cha kupanga sikudalira. Otsiriza, monga ulamuliro, ndi zachilengedwe, zakakhalidwe ka anthu, chuma kapena zina zachilengedwe.

malamulo kuphatikiza

Mfundo mosonyeza Malangizo R.2.2.755-99, anakhazikitsa i ukhondo limene zowunikira zinthu ntchito. Gulu la kantchito mawu a angakumane ndi mavuto mfundo za kupanga chilengedwe, choopsa ndi mphamvu ya ndondomeko ntchito, mwakuchita Russian Ministry of Health mu 1999, limatchula magulu atatu a kantchito mwa mawu cha zovuta ndi kuvuta kwa ntchitoyo. Ali:

1. Mulingo woyenera, kapena monga iwo ukutchedwa, ntchito mosavuta.
2. ntchito yovomerezeka ndi ntchito sing'anga-ntchito.
3. Zoipa, kuti khama.

Mtengo wa zinthu zachilengedwe

Gulu la kantchito pa zinthu za mmene chilengedwe zochokera mbali yopanga kuti nawonso, anawagawa kupanga mwachindunji ndi umoyo maganizo. The chidwi kwambiri opanga malamulo ndi asayansi amene zimadalira chikhalidwe cha ntchitoyo. mfundozi, kuwonjezera chakuti mphamvu yawo yaikulu pa zinthu ntchito ndipo amayesetsa kuti zikusintha. Vuto limeneli kokha kuonjezera chidwi mu iwo ndipo amafuna kuphunzira zonse.

M'pofunika kuti tiganizire moposera chinthu monga gulu la kantchito zifukwa kupanga ndi mapangidwe zinthu, ndi chifukwa mmene awo pa munthu amene ali nawo kupanga.

Gawo ukhondo

Lingaliro la ukhondo muyezo wopanga malamulo anafotokoza mmene kugwilizana ndi chilengedwe kupanga deta ndi ndondomeko ntchito malangizo panopa. MAKONZEDWE zomwe zachokera, ali motere. Gulu la kantchito ntchito zachokera kuopsa kwa zikusiyana pakati pa mitengo leni deta ndi miyezo yovomerezeka. Ichi mosalabadira ntchito zoipa kwambiri zinthu ntchito monga mogwirizana ndi onyamula matenda opatsirana, zinthu makamaka akupha, ndiponso mankhwala kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Choncho, potengera kuipa kwa zinthu kusiyana ndi miyezo yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kuonetsetsa mulingo woyenera angalalikire zoipa ndi zoopsa kantchito.

Ukhondo gulu la kantchito kumapereka lingaliro magawano zawo m'magulu anayi:

1. zinthu mulingo woyenera kwambiri ntchito - amene anaitana bwino kwambiri kusonkhezera ntchito anthu ndi wopindula. Pamene kusagwirizana si anamva, amene sakhoza koma bwanji zotsatira zabwino. Mfundo mulingo woyenera zinthu ntchito zizindikiro nyengo, komanso ndondomeko kupanga. Pankhaniyi, zinthu chitetezo amaonedwa kukhala anthu okhala ndi zinthu sangadziteteze ali Sadadzipangire pamwamba yachibadwa chovomerezeka. njira Izi zipangitsa chitetezo cha matenda ogwira ntchito ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu chidwi mkulu zotsatira za ntchito. ntchito gulu mu kumalo a ntchito imatengedwa zabwino.
2. Yovomerezeka kantchito - ndiwo anthu amene ntchito si mavuto a pamwamba unakhazikitsidwa kuti antchito. Zikatero, antchito kupirira mosavuta kwawo atatha zosangalatsa. Mmene thupi pansi katundu musalumphe Malire akuchipatala ndi mankhwala sayambitsa zinawonongeka kwambiri thanzi la antchito. Yovomerezeka kantchito sayenera kuwononga mpaka kalekale kwa chikhalidwe thupi kapena kusokoneza mphamvu ya kubala ana. mfundo zimenezi sizingakhale zoipa ndi ana osabadwa. Antchito ayenera kukhala mokwanira ntchito kwa kosangalatsa lotsatira.
   
   i ziwiri izi n'losaloleka ndi otetezeka kantchito.
   
   
3. Zovulaza kantchito zikutanthauza kuti kupanga zinthu sangadziteteze nawo kuti ndi kukopa mwachindunji ndi wamphamvu pa umoyo wa anthu. Chiwerengerochi olumpha chovomerezeka malamulo mwaukhondo ndi kusokoneza thupi. Gulu la kantchito pa mlingo wa ngozi zimadalira kukopa kwawo, zomwe kawirikawiri ali ndi yaitali komanso zingayambitse mavuto akuluakulu a moyo, ndipo ngakhale zoyambitsa ndi zotsatira zoipa ana m'tsogolo. gulu la ntchito sangathe wachinsinsi monga zovomerezeka.
4. Woopsawo kantchito ndi kuchuluka thanzi zoipa osati kokha, komanso miyoyo ya ogwira ntchito. Kuwonjezera pa ntchito zoipa nthawi yomweyo ogwira ntchito pa kuphedwa kwa ntchito zotchulidwa limatchula za ntchito yawo, iwonso yoteteza thanzi lawo. mitundu choopsa cha kukhudzana ngati angathe kuwononga kwambiri kuti basa. Chifukwa yaitali chikoka cha zinthu ngati antchito a mitundu yosiyanasiyana uka matenda kuntchito, ambiri a zimene zimachititsa osabereka kapena kuvutika kwambiri mbewu. Gulu la kantchito pa mlingo zoopsa dongosolo osiyana i zimenezi kumatithandiza kudziwa m'mene abwino ndi otetezedwa ndi moyo kuchita ntchito inayake.

mtengo mphamvu

Kuwonjezera pa mfundo ambiri amavomereza, pali muyezo enieni omwe Ntchitoyi ndi yokoka enieni maganizo. Gulu la kantchito zinthu zachilengedwe amaganizira zinthu chifukwa pambali mlingo wa harmfulness kupanga ndi ndalama mphamvu zofunika kuchita ntchito ntchito. Mlingo wa mphamvu ntchito kungakhale chizindikiro cha nkobvuta amagwira ntchitoyo ogwira ntchito ndi mlingo wa ndende ndipo zopangira pamafunika. Mfundozi n'kofunika mwachindunji kwa kusintha zina zizindikiro za chilengedwe.

Kafukufuku ndi gulu la kantchito wa mtundu uwu zimadalira zofunikira za mfundo zomwe mwachindunji kuti mowa mphamvu zimatengera mwachindunji pa malo omwe wogwira ntchito amachita ntchitoyo. Monga ulamuliro, ndi kuyima kapena pansi udindo. Mfundo anapeza kuti pamene atakhala mlingo mphamvu peresenti asanu ndi khumi a kagayidwe chachikulu. Pamene waima, chithunzi ichi limatuluka kuti 10-12%. Pa zobwera kaimidwe chofunika kuchuluka kwa mphamvu chinawonjezeka ndi theka. Komanso, yogwira ntchito maganizo amafuna peresenti zina khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri za mphamvu tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamafunika ena ndalama kwambiri yomangika kapena mantha ntchito, omwe amagwirizana ndi kuchuluka nkhawa. Choncho, kuwerenga mokweza amafuna theka chabe monga mphamvu momwe ntchito yomweyo, koma anachita yekha. Magwiridwe pagulu amafuna kawiri mphamvu za mmene, ndi pa ndende ya tcheru pa ntchito, amene zochitika zokhudza makompyuta, mitengo imeneyi kungakhale peresenti zana. Pamaziko a magawo izi zokhudza thupi ndi magawanidwe anapanga.

Mitundu zisudzo thupi

Gulu la kantchito pa kuopsa kwa ndondomeko ntchito zimadalira mtengo wa mphamvu mu ntchito ya ntchito zina, ndipo anawonetseredwa mu kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono za thupi, kulumala zochitika, isanayambike kutopa ndipo amafuna mpumulo yake. zolimbitsa thupi, malingana ndi zotsatira zake pa thupi akhoza kugawidwa mu malo amodzi ndi zazikulu.

Woyamba kumaonekera kufunika kwa posungira yaitali nkhani mu chikhalidwe chomwecho chimene chimayambitsa kutopa ena magulu minofu. Pafupipafupi ndi mosalekeza opaleshoni boma lokhazikika, ndi wofanana voteji amakwiya overvoltage, kuwonongeka kwa minofu komanso kuwonongeka kwa kotunga magazi magawo awo osiyana. Zimenezi zingachititse matenda a mafupa ndi minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo, ndipo ngakhale kusokonezeka.

zolimbitsa Mphamvu - ndi ntchito imene pali tima ntchito minofu. Childs, pali gulu lalikulu la anthu, makamaka nyumba thupi ndi miyendo. Chitsanzo chabwino cha mtundu uwu ndi ogwira ntchito Komatsu. ntchito pachithunzichi wa gulu la kantchito angakhale pangozi yaikulu thanzi lawo.

Tsankho kapena dera akulu ntchito limapezeka mu gulu zaphindu thupi chapamwamba. Limited njira imeneyo umafunika lachitatu osachepera limodzi la akatumba onse mu thupi. Childs, kameneka akulu ntchito monga kulongedza katundu wa katundu, ndi zina zotero. D.

kutanthauza mavuto

Gulu la kantchito ndi mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu amafuna Khadili zinthu zokolola, monga kutalika ndi digiri ya zowawa za lake kwa imeneyi yeniyeni ya nthawi. Voteji ogwira ntchito thupi (maganizo kapena thupi) zingasiyane malingana ndi mtundu wa ntchito ndi ntchito yeniyeni anachita. Mu tima kutopa katundu kumachitika malinga ndi chinthu chokwawa ndi thupi lake mu mlengalenga ndipo ali ndi khalidwe ndi mphamvu. Pamene yogwira ntchito maganizo a thupi wotopa chifukwa cha madandaulo.

Gulu la kantchito kwa mphamvu ntchito za ndondomeko tinganene kuti pa chitsanzo cha ulimi, ozikidwa pa ntchito opareshoni wanzeru. Kubweretsa maganizo ndi processing wa nkhani kumafuna khama, omwe akupatsidwa kumatanthauza ndalama mphamvu. Komabe, iwo zingasiyane malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito maganizo. Choncho, chophweka a mitundu alipo amaona kuti ntchito nzeru kuti amafuna palokha posankha zochita. mtundu zimagawidwa monga mulingo woyenera. Komabe, ngati n'koyenera, kusankha zochita chiwembu alipo kapena aligorivimu, ntchito ngati zimenezi sizingathetsedwe amati ndi mtundu Chophweka kuchita choncho angatchedwe yekha kololeka ntchito za mlingo woyamba.

Pakuti siyana zovuta kwambiri kudziwa ntchito pothetsa mavuto a aligorivimu kale akudziwika kapena chiwembu. Creative maganizo amafuna ndalama mphamvu kwambiri, kotero, chikufotokozera za ntchito yoyenera ya pamlingo wachiwiri.

i osiyana

Kuwonjezera i pamwamba, sayansi anayamba ndi zikhalidwe zina ntchito. Gawo chimasiyanitsa i osiyana kantchito. zinthu (zinthu) akhoza zimachitika kuti:

• thupi;
• banja;
• ena;
• kupanga.

Malinga ndi udani umenewu, gulu mfundo za mmene chilengedwe cha kantchito limatchula magawo zotsatirazi: kutentha, kuthamanga, ungwiro wa mlengalenga, dryness ake, kuunikira quality, kukhalapo kwa phokoso kapena Phokoso, kunjenjemerako ndi kayendedwe ka mpweya. zinthu zimenezi zimakhudza bwanji kutopa ndi ntchito ambiri.

Kusintha malo antchito zofunika kulenga mayiko makamaka m'banja. Zikuphatikizapo zinthu monga kutentha mu osiyanasiyana 18-20 ° C, Hg kuthamanga pafupifupi 760 mm, ndi chinyezi m'nyumba pafupifupi 50%.

Zosowa za magulu wapadera

Gulu la kantchito kwa muyezo ukhondo zofunika kwa magulu ena a anthu amene ayenera kulenga zinthu zambiri chosaopsa mu kuntchito. Pamene gulu la ntchito pa chomera, amene amagwiritsa ntchito akazi kapena ana, m'pofunika kuganizira luso lake. Chifukwa peculiarities wa mkazi chamoyo ndi zochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi amuna, ndinazolowera kugwira ntchito zazikulu monga kunyamula zinthu zolemera. Choncho, nkhani ya akazi ntchito amenewa ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi achinyamata. Thupi la ana ndi zisanathe kupangidwa, kotero ntchito zawo ayenera kumwedwa nkhani i ndi gulu la kantchito, zimene mwatsatanetsatane mfundo.

kutanthauza amapatukana

Chotero dongosolo n'lofunika lalikulu kwa chilengedwe cha zinthu mulingo woyenera magulu onse anthu. Gulu la zinthu pa zinthu zachilengedwe ntchito pa nkhani ya ana amakakamizidwa mabwana kulenga maofesi kuti sibwenzi chinalepheretsa kutukula ndi kukula kwa ana. Choyamba zonse zikukhudza ntchito zolemetsa, amene ali yolemetsa kwambiri pa thupi la mwanayo ndi chitukuko zina. Minofu ndi mafupa pa m'badwo uwu sanayambe athanzi, amene likuoneka kuti sprains, kusupuka ndi akanagwiritsa chitukuko cha chamoyo. Ana wamfupi maola ogwilira ntchito oyenera, komanso okha bwino popereka katundu, amene iwo angalere mu ndondomekoyi. makonzedwe ofanana zakonzedwa za mphamvu madziwo kwa akazi. magulu amayamba ntchito usiku okha zinthu zakuya. Komanso, akazi anapereka kwa umayi tchuthi ndi kusintha kwa malo a ntchito pa mimba kwa m'mapapo a.

Ukhondo gulu la kantchito n'kofunika makamaka pofuna kuteteza umoyo wa anthu, makamaka strata pachiopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, mu Buku pa muyezo aukhondo ananena kuti moyo wawo zimatithandiza ulamuliro wa thanzi la ogwira ntchito ndi kugwilizana ndi mfundo za zofunika zilipo. Komanso, kuteteza patsogolo umoyo wa anthu kuthandiza kusintha khalidwe la moyo, nthawi zonse kugwira macheke umalimbana akudzizindikiritsa kusiyana kwa mizati ndi matenda. Komanso, kuli dongosolo limodzi ziyenera limathandiza aliyense kampani kusunga malipoti ndi kukhwimitsa yake kuwongolera awo. Gulu la kantchito wa chilengedwe ntchito facilitates likhale la State anayendera kutchito, adjudication zokhudza kugwilizana awo ndi miyezo ambiri amavomereza ndi kuyimbidwa kwa anthu amene amayang'anira ntchito mogwirizana ndi malamulo amenewa. Mu Kuthi chigawenga kupereka zikuthandiza kuti afufuze nkani za zotsutsana kwambiri malamulo ndi izisankha muyeso njira kwa anthu anapezeka ndi mlandu kuyan'anila amenewa.