Womenya La-5FN: makhalidwe ntchito

Pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, chopereka kwambiri chigonjetso anapanga womenya ndege. Ngakhale kuti German mphamvu mpweya anali okonzeka ndi makina amphamvu nkhondo monga "Messerschmitt" BF 109G ndi "Focke-Wulf" FW 190A, kutsogozedwa thambo Soviet ndege. Air makina Wehrmacht kwambiri otsika mankhwala okonza USSR, amene anali womenya La-5FN.

Kodi lonyozeka kwa Luftwaffe?

Soviet womenya La-5FN machenjerero pa verticals ndi horizontals anali kwambiri kuposa waukulu German womenya "Messerschmitt" BF 109G, chifukwa patapita anaŵerama ochepa akhoza kupita mchira wa mdani ndi kubala moto zolondola. Zinali zotheka ngakhale pafupi pa makhalidwe omwewo liwiro wogwidwa ndi awiri awa chitsanzo-odana.

Womenya La-5FN sanadzisiyira mwayi uliwonse kupambana galimoto, ndi German "Focke-Wulf" FW 190A. chitsanzo ichi ngakhale otsika mu liwiro. Chosavuta usilikali womenya Wehrmacht FW190A-8 analibe ubwino maneuverability pa La 5FN amene makhalidwe liwilo ndi maneuverability zabwino, zimene pamodzi ndi zokumana woyendetsa anapereka chigonjetso Soviet ndege mumlengalenga nkhondo. Malinga ndi malangizo ochokera ku German oyeretsa lamulo ndege, ndi Soviet womenya La-5FN ankaona mdani woopsa kwambiri pankhondo imene oyendetsa Wehrmacht mbali kwa chisamaliro chapadera ndi chilango.

Yambani kulenga

Mu 1941, mlengi wa SA Lavochkin ndege wamakono LaGT-3 zinachitikadi - womenya, amene panthawiyo anali unatha akwaniritsa zonse. Panali kukufunikira chitsanzo latsopano angathe komabe ano mpweya nkhondo. maziko anatengedwa LaGG-3.

Anaganiza ntchito latsopano injini makina tinakwera AL-82FN ndi mphamvu 1700 HP ndipo synchronous dvadtsatimillimetrovye ShVAK mfuti. Pa nthawi ina, akonzekeretse ndege ake injini izi okonza ndayesera monga AI Mikoyan, sv Ilyushin, V. Petlyakov ndi AS Yakovlev. Koma koposa zonse, iye anagwira SA ndege galimoto Lavochkin.

Poyamba injini AL-82FN osati ndinakwera mu fuselage ya ndege monga icho zithandize chitsanzo M-105. Koma okonza kuti anakwanitsa akonzekeretse ake awiri mzere zozungulira injini mankhwala, kuti maziko amavomerezedwa LaGG-3 airframe sichinasinthe kamangidwe, masamu ndi miyeso.

Chifukwa cha injini AL-82FN womenya La 5FN anali bwino makhalidwe maneuverability ndi liwiro, amene makamaka zimaonekera ntchito monga unakhota kwambiri ndi ofukula machenjerero. Kukhalapo kwa Soviet La-5 dvadtsatimillimetrovyh mfuti ShVAK zinathandiza oyendetsa nkhondo mpweya ndi makina German musadele kumbuyo ndi zokhumudwitsa.

The ntchito latsopano injini kapangidwe

Shvetsova amakakamizidwa injini kupatsidwa ulemu AL-82F anamugwiritsa ntchito omenyana monga La-5F (amene kumaonekera chidule ndege) ndi La-5FN. ndi chidule yamasika, kuti iye ali wa souped mmwamba zitsanzo ndi jekeseni mwachindunji.

Malinga ndi nthano, makonzedwe a Soviet womenya wamphamvu galimoto chifukwa cha kusakhutira ndi mphamvu Stalin luso DB 82 mu mode afterburner. Iwo ali nazo zokwanira kwa mphindi zochepa. Motsogoleredwa Stalin ndi imodzi injini ngati wakhala unayamba mu mode izi, ndipo ntchito mpaka osati kunja kwa dongosolo. nthawi anawakwapula anasonyeza moyo wautali - kuposa maola 50.

Izi ntchito zabwino omenyana nkhondo. The kamangidwe ka ndege La-5FN injini ichi chinapereka mphamvu 1750-1850 HP ndipo anathandiza mode afterburner kwa mphindi zosachepera khumi. Ndi katundu yaikulu ya mafuta nthaŵi ulamuliro akhoza imakula.

kuyezetsa

La-5FN womenya ndi chimodzi mwa zosintha ndege La-5. M'chaka cha 1942 mu Lyubertsy akhala bwino ayesedwe, kenako zinalengedwera anali naye. Tikuyesa ankaimira impromptu dogfight pakati La-5FN ndipo analanda BF 109G-2. Pambuyo nkhondo anati: Soviet womenya ndi abwino kwa ntchito pa msinkhu ang'ono ndi sing'anga, umene uli wofunika kwa ndege East Front.

Mu April chaka chino, boma Committee silikhali adabvumiza kuti chiyambi cha ulimi zino chifukwa cha limene linatuluka ndi zosintha zochepa za La-5, mmodzi wa iwo anali womenya La-5FN. Photos, yomwe ili pansipa, ndi kapangidwe ka makina ndege.

Zomwe ndege anali nalo?

Ndege nkhondowo pa okwera otsika amaonedwa ntchito yaikulu, limene lakonzedwa kuti womenya La-5FN, chipangizo ndi ulamuliro amene anapanga izo Chitsanzo chabwino mu Soviet Air Force pa nthawi. Mphamvu ya ailerons ndi mukwere La-5FN kuposa ntchito ya German FW 190A-8, amene anali kwambiri ankawonjezereka ndipo anali ndi mphamvu otsika mathamangitsidwe. Koma mdani womenya mwayi pa ayendetsa madzi imathamanga mkulu kupanga nkhondo iwonso kuukira womenya La-5FN.

Manageability Soviet makina malinga ndi mwa madzi ndi imathamanga mkulu Dodge yokha wadutsa mu malo kuukira mu kukwera wofatsa. Izi zinali zotheka chifukwa La-5FN poyerekeza FW 190A-8 anali mlingo bwino za kukwera, omwe analola kuti akakokoloredwe pa otsetsereka phompho la womenya German. Mwa malangizo amene anapatsidwa ndege mlangizi pa sukulu othawirako pa nkhani ya kugunda mu mlengalenga ndi FW 190A-8, zinali zoletsedwa pa ayendetsa yaitali ndi kuchepetsa liwiro. Komanso, ndege tiyenera kukumbukira kuti kwa kukhazikitsa yaitali ndege afterburner sinafike monga mphamvu injini kuchita masamu mu mphindi zosakwana makumi anayi.

kololedwa liwiro

The ndege akafuna liwiro mphamvu sitima ndi afterburner. Iwo anali zosiyanasiyana options chomveka ndi osiyana misinkhu dziko ndi nyanja.

• La-5FN womenya okwera afterburner akafuna imathamanga mpaka 520 Km / h.
• Pa mphamvu mlingo ikuthamanga kwambiri chinali 409 Km / h.
• AGL pasukulu kwa afterburner Km mtunda. Liwiro anali 540 Km / h. Kunali kololedwa kwa ikuthamanga mphamvu, koma pamalo okwera mamita 2400.
• Mtunda wa 5 zikwi. Mamita ikuthamanga mphamvu chawonjezeka 560 Km / h.

Kulengedwa kwa injini, amene zida zankhondo za La-5FN sanali kusinthidwa kwa afterburner pa mtunda choposa makilomita awiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa peculiarities wa mpweya njira ndi orifice fulumizitsa amene sasamalira pazipita injini mphamvu.

Womenya La-5 FN. makhalidwe a

ndege wofunika kwambiri mwa onse Soviet ndi German, ndipo British akatswiri ndege. Womenya La-5FN ankaona zabwino mwa Akhristu onse a kum'mawa Front.

• Ndege kanyumba linaikidwa kwa woyendetsa chimodzi chokha;
• womenya kulemera anali 3.290 makilogalamu;
• miyeso (m'litali ndi phiko kukula) - 8,67 × 9,8 mamita;
• Mapiko Area - 17,5 sq. mamita;
• katundu pa phiko limodzi pa mita lalikulu linali 191 makilogalamu;
• kamangidwe okonzeka ndi umodzi galimoto M ndi mphamvu 82FN HP 1750.
• pamalo okwera mamita 6250 makina anayamba kuthawa liwiro mpaka 634 Km / h;
• utumiki denga (pazipita kutalika) kwa womenya - mamita 10750;
• pafupifupi kukwera - 16,6 m / s;
• Akasinja anapangidwa kuti malita 460;
• mafuta kulemera - makilogalamu 46;
• mfuti ziwiri dvadtsatimillimetrovye ShVAK anali akonzekeretse La-5FN;
• womenya angathe komabe bomba katundu kuti makilogalamu 100;
• aviamashina anafuna patali osati choposa 930 Km.

Womenya La-5FN. chipangizo

• Pakuti mamangidwe khalidwe aviamashiny mwachindunji jekeseni mafuta mu zonenepa ndi.
• M'malo manifolds utsi ndege ntchito nozzles munthu, amene anali zidutswa zisanu ndi ziwiri pa mbali.

• The kumtunda kwa nyumba zizindikiro nyumba wapadera.
• fuselage fairing anali adatchithisira, monga mawonekedwe a nyale (iwo anakonzedwa ndege AS Yakovlev Yak-9) lasinthidwa.
• Ntchito lakutsogolo anapereka mwayi kugwira sorties usiku ndi mavuto nyengo.
• zingapo zowonjezera chaonekera, amene anakhudzidwa kusindikiza mkati ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza wa kanyumba La-5FN. Womenya walandira kusintha okwana aerodynamics.
• Kusintha ndege kuonera anali okonzeka ndi nyale latsopanoli, lomwe makamaka zinthu mwamsangamsanga wodzilemekeza legkosbrasyvaemoy kutsetsereka gawo.
• Kumangidwa kwa mans mchira gudumu. Iwo sakanakhoza kutuluka pa ndege, ndipo pamene samoorientirovatsya rulezhe.
• Dvuhlonzhernye mapiko anali plywood sheathing ndipo anapitiriza duralumin slats basi, amene mwa ankafika kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke akhoza zimasiyana madigiri 60, ngati n'koyenera.
• Kupanga fuselage ndi muyezo ankagwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe birch. Iye anali mmodzi wa zigawo zingapo, amene kuzilemba pa intaneti.
• Pakuti ogwiritsa wachiphamaso mzere zozungulira injini 82FN AL-cholinga mipope galimoto-welded zitsulo. Engine yokha inali mu chotengera, yemwe anamanga mapanelo duralumin legkosemnyh. Izi zimathandiza kumafika kwa galimoto pa kukonza kapena kukonza.

The nakonza ndi ndege?

mitundu ambiri La-5 nkhondowo zitsanzo ndege ndi olimba nkhuni kumanga, chimene chakhala mosalekeza bwino. Ngakhale kuti mitengo ndi moto kukana, mphamvu za nkhani sikunali kokwanira. Mu chitsanzo cha La-5FN mwapadera linaperekedwa kwa kutukula kuteteza woyendetsa ndi injini. Wood m'malo ndi duraluminium ndi ayironi amene kuonetsetsa vuto lililonse ndi odalirika galimoto ntchito ngakhale pamene kugawikana zotsatira. akasinja mafuta sanali oti muli nazo zida, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti atenge kwambiri kuukira. Matabwa phiko spar m'malo ndi zitsulo ndi. Chifukwa chitetezo cha woyendetsa komanso akasinja mafuta kupanga womenya anayamba ntchito oti muli nazo zida galasi, makulidwe a limene kwa gawo kutsogolo kwa kanyumba anali 57 mm. Chifukwa nkhaniyi anali chopangidwa bronezagolovnik (68 mm). Bronespinka yopangidwa 0,7 masentimita wandiweyani zitsulo.

Ntchito yomanga cockpit ndi

Chigawo chapamwamba zashuga amapereka aone zabwino ndi zonse chonse aone. Front aone anali ochepa. Ichi ndi chifukwa woyendetsa otsika-slung. Akuthamanga injini kwa ndege anasiya lalikulu utsi plume. Woyendetsa ntchito okwera dongosolo mpweya, umene unali molunjika kudzera zakulera economizer (lingaliro linatengedwa dongosolo German economizer).

Ngati pamaso pa tinakwera phula, radiators, mawindo trims ndi Buku ena asaaonerera drafts zosiyanasiyana - manja anali sangathe, chifukwa pa nkhondo kuti imathandizira woyendetsa anatanganidwa pamene anasamutsa ndodo ya La-5FN anali onse makina. Pilot onse mayunitsi mosavuta kusamalira tinakwera gulu likuomba mifuti ndi kulamulira ntchitoyo, osati kuyang'ana kwa nkhondoyo. Control ndalezo yekha magetsi, zina anatumikira monga automatics.

Kodi kuwuka?

Pa womenya oyambitsa kololeka mphamvu kusinthasintha ali anati mu injini zake. Pa ndege kuthamanga-mmwamba anapereka mtunda pang'ono. Pa zinthu zofunika womenya mchira limatuluka pang'onopang'ono. Piloting panopa kovuta chifukwa kusiyana kwa galimoto ku wononga pansi ndi yaing'ono.

Chifukwa stalling

makina iliyonse ndege ali ndi makhalidwe ake komanso kufooka pa ndege. Mmodzi wa atsopano ndi stalling. Si wopanda vuto ili ndi womenya La-5FN. Features onenepa akatswiri kusanthula ndi n'komwe polenga dziko lotsatira, m'badwo bwino ndege. Chifukwa onenepa:

• M'mbuyo. Pamene retracted, ankafika zida ndi khumudwitsidwa slats ndi amapangidwa ndi liwiro la 200-210 Km / h. Ndi kucheperachepera liwiro amachepetsa Mwachangu aileron. Amalowetsa womenya kapena chopinga wake pa 180 zotsatira Km / h mu kutsitsa mapiko chifukwa Pa katswiri liwiro dempfinirovat mpukutu zovuta. Stalling angayambe pamene tidakocheza zida ndi kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke kukachitika kuti woyendetsa akupitiriza kukokera pa ndalezo yokha, ngati womenya zimapita kwa pazipita kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino zotheka kwa iwo.
• Ankapha ankasinthana phompho. Ndi analamula mofulumira La 5FN amapezeka onenepa mpweya otaya pa mapiko a. Ndi kukula kuchepetsa dzuwa liwiro ali anamva owala aileron. Mu kufalitsa omenyana mpaka 320 Km / h ndi kufika msinkhu wa mamita 2400, limene pamapeto zonse pakapita masekondi 30, kapangidwe za makina analandira zimamuchulukira 2,6G. Ngati izo zimakhala zofunika kuti agwire ailerons kayendedwe mwadzidzidzi, ndi chisamaliro zachilengedwe kogwirira kozungulira mu cockpit motsogozedwa kasinthasintha.

Popewa kutsitsa ndegeyo, pali malangizo yoyenera utali zimatengera kukhota wathunthu pamwamba. Choncho, chifukwa mamita 2400 amapereka masekondi 28, ndipo kutalika kwa kilometre nayenso zizichitidwa masekondi 25.

kukhazikika ndege

Pakuti womenya a amakhala ndi kukhazikika mkulu mu maudindo onse a zida, kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke ndi pa msinkhu wa typesetting. Achita kusamalira zazing'ono. Iwo kuonjezera ngati ndege ntchito kwambiri unakhota. Utsogoleri malangizo akuti ndi zogwira mtima, koma zikhoza kuchepetsedwa - chifukwa cha liwiro otsika pa zimene womenya La-5FN amasuntha. mfuti kulamulira mu zinthu izi ndi yosavuta. Pamene zopatuka ndi amapezeka zowongolera kukweza kapena kutsitsa mphuno la ndegeyo. oscillations awa, imatchedwanso sitepe Dutch, kudzudzulidwa mothandizidwa ndi kayendedwe kalozera gudumu.

Akamaliza ndege

Kufunika 200 Km / h imatengedwa mulingo woyenera mlingo pa zimene utachepa womenya La 5FN. Kubzala chidachitika pa mfundo zitatu. kukhazikitsa anali wolunjika pa lathyathyathya pamwamba. Apo ayi, kusunga galimoto mothamanga kunali kovuta. Chifukwa cha mavuto anali m'goli braking mawilo. Nthawi zambiri, womenya pa ankafika nodding kutali, kuchititsa wononga akhoza imawonongeka, monga makina ndege anali mtunda yochepa pakati pa iye ndi nthaka. Kwambiri complicates ndi posungira wa womenya woyendetsa, ndi gusts amphamvu crosswind. Zikatero, kupirira ntchito gudumu mmodzi, kunali kosatheka. Choncho, kubzala ndi zambiri agwiritsa ntchito gudumu braking.

Mosasamala kanthu za mavuto a kamangidwe, La-5FN womenya ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwa ndege Soviet, amene ena analogues ake kuti ndege m'banja lalikulu malo mu mlengalenga nkhondo ndipo anapanga zopereka kwambiri kuti apambane.