Artem Mikoyan (ndege): yonena, zithunzi

Soviet omenyana MiG zimadziwika padziko lonse lapansi. N'chifukwa chiyani iwo anamutcha ndi amene ndege mlengi amene anatulukira ndegeyo? Artem Mikoyan (1905-1970) - Soviet ndege, m'bale wa odziwika bwino ndale Anastas Mikoyan, Soviet Union - ndi injiniya Mikhail Gurevich ndege ali ndiAmene ozimitsa izi. dzina lawo amachokera maphatikizidwe makalata woyamba wa maina a olemba ndi mawu akuti "ndi". Nkhaniyi itithandiza kulankhula za moyo ndi ntchito woyambawo. Owerenga khalani ndi chidwi kudziwa mmene angakhalire ndege mlengi Artem Ivanovich Mikoyan.

Mbiri ya moyo: ubwana

Mu 1905, mapiri m'mudzi wa Sanahin, imene inali ku chigawo cha chigawo Tiflis, mbali ya Russian Ufumu Borchali (lero Sanahin - chigawo cha Alaverdi, Armenia), anabadwa mnyamata wotchedwa Anushavan. banja lake anali ndi ana ambiri, iye anali mwana wamng'ono wa kalipentala Hovhannes Nersesovich Mikoyan, amene ankagwira ntchito pa ng'anjo m'dera ndi Talidy Otarovna - wapabanja. Mu maphunziro a mwana zinakhalira ndi ana okulirapo, makamaka m'bale Anastas - tsogolo odziwika bwino ndale, gulu ndi boma atsogoleri a USSR. Choncho, Mikoyan Artem Ivanovich - ndege - ubwana wake anakhala mu mapiri, pamene iye ankakonda kusunga ndege a mphungu, steamed mu mlengalenga. Kwinakwake mu zaka 5 wathandizira mbuzi mkulu ng'ombe ndi limodzi ndi ng'ombe m'mapiri.

mapangidwe

maphunziro a kupulayimale Artem Mikoyan analandira ali kusukulu ya m'mudzi Sanahin, yomwe inali mu eponymous obisika wakale Mkhristu - Chiameniya likulu la chikhalidwe chawo m'chigawochi. Pambuyo pa imfa ya bambo ndi Talida Otarovna anaganiza kudziwa mwana wamng'ono wa parishi Chiameniya sukulu ku Tbilisi. Anamaliza mu 1918. Atatero anabwerera kumudzi kwawo ndi, ngati m'bale wachikulire, anachita chidwi zinthu chosintha, analowa Young League Communist ndipo ngakhale anamuika mutu wa Komsomol m'deralo. Patapita zaka zochepa za Anastas Mikoyan anaikidwa Mlembi wa Komiti chapakati cha Bureau of CP ya South-East. Chikadzangotha udindo wake amasonkhanitsa mng'ono wake kuti Rostov wake.

Experience ntchito

Atafika ku Russia, Artem Mikoyan analowa sukulu fakitale "Krasny Aksay", komwe anayamba kuphunzira pa Turner, kenako anayamba kugwira ntchito pa fakitale m'deralo. Kenako, iye anali zokambirana njanji. Kwa kanthawi, iye amanoledwa luso lake, koma kuzindikira kuti sizingakhale ntchito yake.

Mawu, Artem Mikoyan, amene yonena ali m'nkhani ino, napempha nzeru ndi kupita nawo, iye anaganiza zopita ku Moscow. Apa iye ali fakitale "Dinamo" - woyambirira mu USSR kampani magetsi. Zinali apa kuti iye anasintha dzina lake Artem Anushavan ndi patronymic Ovanesovich - kuti Ivanovic.

Iye anali wotanganidwa mu ntchito yake kuti sanali kupeza nthawi yopemphera kwa yunivesite ina iliyonse. Koma mbewu, analandira wina maphunziro moyo ndi phindu zinthu zambiri m'zonse. Mu Moscow Artem ngodya anawomberedwa kwa osamalira ndi kugona kwenikweni pansi washbasin lapansi.

Pakali pano, m'bale wake wamkulu Anastas kale unachitikira malo apamwamba m'boma, koma junior sanalole kwa iye ndi pempho kum'patsa nyumba. Mu banja lawo izo sizinali analandira: aliyense ankafuna kukhala pawokha osati kumvutitsa pempho la wina. Artem Anastas analemba yekha kuti iye anali mu Moscow, ndinayamba ntchito ndipo ndi chabwino.

Ntchito yausilikali

Kumapeto kwa 1928 A. Mikoyan wa dziko mu Red Army ndipo anatumizidwa ku tauni ya Livny, kenako, kuti amakondwera, anatumizidwa ku usilikali Ivanovo Ascension School mumzinda wa Orel. Atamaliza usilikali, iye anadzipereka kuti akhalebe ku sukulu ndi kulandira usilikali, koma iye anakana ndipo anabwerera ku ntchito zawo zakale. Koma nthawi ili pa "kompresa".

akuitanira

Ndi zomera, iye anatha kulowa Air Force Academy dzina la N. Zhukovsky. Kenako anafika loto la ubwana wake. Pa First World nkhondo a ku France anapanga pangozi ankafika pa ndege kumudzi kwawo. Mudzi anyamata amene anali Anushavan, anathamanga kuyang'ana chimphona mbalame makina. Little Anush (monga iyo inkatchedwa mwachidule pafupi) amakopeka anaonera France Mawotchi anafotokoza mu makina ukuuluka, ndipo ngakhale amadzinenera kuti aziyenda pafupi naye. Ndipo iye anawona maso losonyeza a mnyamatayo, anamuitana pafupi ndi tiyeni kuona "mkati" chozizwitsa mbalame.

Mpaka iye anali mu Air Force Academy, loto la sanasiye ndege wake. Ndipo tsopano iye anali wophunzira yekha m'dziko la zokakamiza kumene mungaphunzire ntchito ya akatswiri ndege. Monga wachitatu chaka wophunzira wa Academy, kamodzinso adatsimikizira ndi cholinga Artem Mikoyan: ndege - ichi ndi ntchito, zomwe akufuna kuchita ndi moyo wake onse. Mu 1935 iye anadutsa kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu pa University of Kharkov. Apa icho poyamba m'gulu ofesi kamangidwe, ndipo iye anali wokhoza amagwira ntchito yomanga ya ndege, chitsanzo experimental HAI-1.

ntchito Independent: kuwonekera koyamba kugulu monga mlengi

Atabwerera ku Kharkov Artem Mikoyan anali ndi chikhumbo chachikulu kuchita ntchito yake - kupanga ndege yatsopano ntchito injini yakale ndege, amene anam'patsa injiniya Shitikov. Pamodzi ndi anzake ndi Pavlov Samarinym Artem cholinga chitsanzo masewera zouluka makina. Koma kupyola pamenepo iwo sangapite, chifukwa kunalibe ndalama, zipangizo. Koma iwo zithunzi za ndege pa Osoaviahima unachitikira mpikisano m'dzikolo. Anasangalala kwambiri ana, ntchito zawo wakhala anazindikira zinthu zabwino, ndipo pankhaniyi, mamembala a loweruza, iwo anaganiza kupereka mwayi kwa okonza wamng'ono kumanga makope oonetsa makina chakuwuluka.

moyo

Mapeto a 30 anali kupambana kwa Mikoyan, osati mawu a ntchito, komanso kutsogolo munthu. Iye anakumana ndi mtsikana wokongola Zoe Lisitsina pa tsiku lobadwa chipani cha bwenzi lake Gevorg Avetisyan. Pakati pawo sikunathe chifundo, lomwe kenako inakula mwa chikondi. Pambuyo kusankha ovomerezeka banja lake Artyom H. anakwatira Zoya Ivanovna, ndipo kenako banja wachinyamata allocated chipinda mu nyumba limodzi pa Kirov Street. Pali n'kupita kwa moyo Talida Otarovna. Kenako, mu Maulendo Ake, Anastas Mikoyan analemba za mwana amene iye mwangwiro zoyenera mu banja lawo Chiameniya anali wokoma mtima ndi wololera, wokondedwa miyambo Chiameniya. Mwa njira, iye anali wantchito wa TASS.

zinthu zina

A. Mikoyan, pambuyo maphunziro, anatumidwa monga wothandizira anafufuza Design Bureau. Mutu wake unali wotchuka ndege mlengi Nikolai Polikarpov. Iye anali kale bwino yoyerekeza ndege Mikoyan, amene pa nthawi iyi anali amangidwa kale amatchedwa "Octobrist" ndipo kuigwiritsa ntchito pa maphunziro Osoaviahima. Iye adaoneka ninga kulonjezedwa Artem ndege komanso mu ntchito pa womenya 15 gulu.

Polikarpov ndinazindikira kuti Mikoyan akhoza apatsidwa osati ndondomeko kukonza zitsanzo zilipo, komanso chitukuko cha atsopano. Ndi mu gulu ili, Artem Ivanovich anakumana ndi Gurevich, amene anakhala Co-Mlembi wa MiGs wotchuka padziko lonse. Komabe, ntchito pa iwo anayamba pokhapokha A. Mikoyan anaikidwa mutu wa kapangidwe amasinthira wa mbewu nambala 1 Osoaviahima. Ndi apa kuti akanatha ntchito yabwino pa kukhazikitsa kwa zolinga zawo.

Artem Mikoyan MiG - yabwino yabwino

chakuti anatha kulenga yojambula zoona mbiri ya ndege Soviet. Mig-1 anali ndege woyamba anayesedwa chachikulu mu mphepo mumphangayo. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti nthawi ya mayeso ndege zikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo ndege mphamvu - kwambiri bwino. Ndipo onse wakhala tikaona pa nthawi ya ndege yoyamba. testers onse zija wamba kuti ndege amene ntchito chimaposa anthu m'mbuyomo. Komabe, Artem Mikoyan - ndege (chithunzi inu mukuziwona izo m'nkhani) - sanali okha unakhazikitsidwa kale ndipo posakhalitsa ndinayamba chitsanzo patsogolo kwambiri, dzina lake ndi MiG-3. Zinali iye amene anakhala ndege wotchuka kwambiri mu Soviet Air Force.

Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Komabe, panthawi ya nkhondo zinaonekeratu kuti MiGs athu pa zinthu zina otsika ndege German. Ndiye Mikoyan inayamba kusintha ndege anausankha iye. Mu 1942, kale amapereka amphamvu kwambiri chitsanzo ndege ndi injini AM 29. Ngakhale kuti anazindikira kwambiri, iye Mikoyan anamvetsa kuti ndege pisitoni alibe tsogolo ndipo tikuyenera kubwera ndi zatsopano. Ndiyeno icho chinadza chakuti ndege Soviet muyenera ndege injini ndege. Komabe, kukhazikitsa dongosolo zinali kokha nkhondo itatha, ngakhale chitukuko chaonekera mu masiku nkhondoyo. Mu 1946 anamanga MiG-9 anali woyamba misa limapanga ndege womenya USSR.

Mu yamtendere,

Mu 1947, Mikoyan analengedwa chitsanzo china - ndi MiG-15. mayesero ake anapangidwa Korea pa kumenyana mu zaka 1950-1953. Anamuzindikira ngati womenya yabwino 40s lapansi. Ndipo sanali bwino injini, komanso mapiko muvi woboola pakati. A mwayi bwino ndege imeneyi unali mpando woyendetsa ejection. Kwa nthawi yaitali, ndi MiG 15 ndege anakhalabe waukulu Soviet Air Force. Iwo anatchedwa kuti "ndege msilikali."

pomaliza

A. Mikoyan zaka wotsatira zitsanzo latsopano ndi zambiri zotsogola kwa ndege anali olemera. dzina lake anadziwika padziko lonse. Latest chitsanzo, anayamba ndi Iye, anali MiG 21, ngakhale analengedwa pa maziko a chitukuko cha MiG 25 mu 1975, atchuke dziko, limene analephera kumenya. Artem Mikoyan anapuma ndi udindo wa msilikali General. Kawiri anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Socialist Labor. Iye anafa ndege kwambiri mu December 1970. Pa khoma la nyumba imene iye ankakhala izo anakhazikitsidwa chikwangwani cha chikumbutso.