Mkate: mikate, zikuchokera, zothandiza katundu

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za mkate. Ndi chiyani icho? Choyamba, ndi chakudya, amene amapangidwa pa kutentha mankhwala. The zosakaniza waukulu nthawi zonse madzi ndi ufa. Komanso, pali zosiyanasiyana zowonjezera ndi ambiri mitundu ya mkate.

mkate ndi chiyani kwa ife?

Ambiri, mkate mu miyoyo kwa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa anthu ambiri mankhwala amachita ngati mbali ya chikhalidwe, monga chifukwa fuko lirilonse liri yake maphikidwe mitundu opanga wake. mankhwala wapulumutsidwa anthu chifukwa cha njala mu nthawi yovuta. Choncho, mkate - si mankhwala zophikira, chuma konsekonse.

mankhwala yafala chifukwa katundu wawo. maziko ake ndi mbewu monga chimanga. Choncho, kuchokera mwa izo munthu alandira mbewu mapuloteni wapatali ndi amino zidulo.

Komanso, mkate ndi gwero la mavitamini, mchere, CHIKWANGWANI, calcium, potaziyamu, sodium, magnesium, chitsulo ndi phosphorous. mankhwala ndi thanzi, wolemera mu chakudya.

Masiku ano, anthu mulibe mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku zisudzo yaikulu thupi. Kotero, ndipo kwambiri mowa wa mkate, nayenso, sadzakhala zothandiza. Chifukwa izo zimakhala zopangidwa otchuka kuchokera rye wake ndipo dzinthu ena. Izi mikate ndi bwino chimbudzi chakudya mu zochepa.

Mkate yothandizana mbale, ndipo akhoza kuchita zinthu monga mankhwala standalone. Ndipotu ife amagwiritsa ntchito masangweji, quiches, masangweji. Mu maphikidwe a zikhalidwe zosiyana kupeza yabwino kuchuluka kwa chakudya ofotokoza - mkate mkate, odzola, mkate msuzi.

mkate national

Pakuti aliyense wa mkate anthu - ndi mitanda osati abwino, komanso mbali ya chikhalidwe. maphikidwe National inakhazikitsidwa nthawi yaitali ndipo mu madera osiyana a dziko ndi makhalidwe awo.

Primordially Russian rye mkate mkate. Lero pali mitundu yambiri ya ngati ufa kuphika rye, wotchuka kwambiri a iwo ndi "Malonda" ndi "Borodino".

Kusiyapo mfundo zimenezi mkate ndi, mikate, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mtundu uliwonse ali maphikidwe zake ndi maganizo awo pa kukoma kwake.

Mu Italy, wotchuka wophika ciabatta. Izi ndi zinthu zokhala ndi chofufumitsa zochokera ufa wa tirigu. kuphika mbali mu kuti ali ndi crispy kutumphuka ndi lalikulu kwambiri pore dongosolo mkati. Komanso, kuika anyezi, adyo, zokometsera.

France anatchuka chifukwa baguettes ake, omwe si kuposa mikate crispy pang'ono. Pangani mkate wa ufa, kotero izo zinali zoyera kwambiri.

Ku Mediterranean kwa ife tiri pitsa wotchuka. Izo siziri ngakhale kwenikweni mkate ndi mbale wake m'munsi. Pamene okha pitsa anabwera, izo sizinali kwambiri popanga, zinali wamba yisiti mkate, topaka phwetekere msuzi ndi kuwaza ndi tchizi. Poyamba, anadyetsa anthu wamba osauka. Kenako kusanduka, anagula ambiri maphikidwe.

Wotchuka Israeli matzah, amene akukonzekera mtanda, osati kale ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu.

The Caucasus akhala anawakonzera kudya mkate. Iye amaoneka ngati keke zoonda, ndi kuphika mu uvuni mwala. Ku Central Asia, mkate ofanana ndi kudya mkate, yophika mu uvuni wapadera - tandoor.

Mukhoza umasinthasintha kulankhula za zimene ndi mkate, mikate mu maiko osiyanasiyana. The kwambiri ndi pamaso munthu aliyense anali maziko a mphamvu. Tsopano ambiri amalekezera ntchito zake, kutsatira zakudya ndipo adzabweretsa mankhwala ena.

Mkate: mikate

Ponena za mkate, tisaiwale kuti nthawi zambiri ogaŵikana Mabaibulo mtundu: wakuda, imvi, choyera.

Poyenga kulekana mitundu n'zomveka kuzikidwa pa mtundu wa ufa umene mkate. Pa mfundo imeneyi, tikhoza kusiyanitsa mitundu:

1. Tirigu (woyera).
2. Tirigu ndi rye (imvi).
3. Rye.
4. Lonse tirigu.

Payokha, mwina amaima kunja tsopano otchuka zokwanira pakati ogula ndizinyenya. Choncho, mkate anapangidwa kuchokera ufa woyera, koma pastry. Izi Kwenikweni, kusiyana kokha. Kumene, likukhalira chokoma ndi onunkhira, umene uli wotchuka kwambiri.

Tiyeni tione pa chilichonse gulu la mikate.

mkate tirigu

Ndi mikate yoyera anapangidwa kuchokera ufa wa tirigu. khalidwe umadalira makamaka mtundu wa ufa, amene anatenga kukonzekera. Yabwino kupeza lalikulu mikate yoyera.

mitundu zosiyana ndi malangizo ena zina: chinangwa, mbewu koko. Koma kawirikawiri mikate yoyera zophikidwa kuchokera ufa apamwamba. Muli magnesium, calcium, wowuma. Munthu ngati mitanda zothandiza? Nkwabwino kwa anthu amene ali ndi mavuto ndi chimbudzi kapena m'mimba zilonda.

Zosiyanasiyana rye mkate

Rye - nthawi zonse meatless mkate. Wake kawirikawiri kupanga mtundu umodzi wokha wa ufa, monga ulamuliro, kutenga kuphika tirigu-rye kusakaniza. Anapangira akhoza kugwiridwa osiyana. Tikhoza kunena kuti kwambiri ufa rye, makamaka bwino kuphika. Lili mchere ambiri, mavitamini ndi CHIKWANGWANI, amene Sachita mlingo wa shuga m'magazi, nthawi ntchito m'mimba.

Childs, malonda zilipo wamba mkate, chimene peresenti sikisite rye, ndi makumi - anapangidwa kuchokera ufa wa tirigu. Anapangira zimadalira maonekedwe.

mkate wina Taphunzira - yekha zochokera ufa rye. Imathandiza kwambiri ndipo lili wambirimbiri CHIKWANGWANI. Monga ulamuliro, izo ntchito anthu amene akufuna kuonda. Ndipo zimenezi sizinachitike mwangozi. chakuti mkate uwu Iyamba kagayidwe. Komabe, mankhwala ndi yovuta mokwanira kudya, choncho si woyenera onse. Kwa ena zingayambitse mavuto m'mimba.

Zabwino ndi zothandiza kwambiri kwa rye mkate wa tirigu lonse. maphikidwe wotchuka kwambiri ndi maapulo, chitowe, mchewere ndi uchi. Mwa njira, mtundu wa adzaphika ndi chitowe otchedwa Chilituyaniya. Mu sitolo mungapeze mkate Turkey, amene anayika mtedza ndi zoumba.

Ambiri, rye mkate adzakhala zothandiza anthu amene anakwezedwa mafuta m'thupi, ndi kulota kuonda.

Chimanga ndi lonse mkate tirigu

Chimanga - mkate yosavuta, wolemera mu CHIKWANGWANI. Lili wowuma pang'ono kwambiri, koma wolemera mavitamini A, B, D. The

ufa Wholemeal anakonza kuchokera chogwirizana. Nchifukwa chiyani amatchedwa tirigu lonse? Chifukwa Unrefined, T. E. Before akupera mbewu ndi palibe wosanjikiza akunja linamasuka, ndipo muli onse mavitamini ndi mchere. Mkate ufa izi akutembenukira lolemera ndipo anamanga, zilibe kutha ndipo sanapeze stale. Ubwino wake ndi wotani? Pambuyo ntchito yake kwa nthawi yaitali sindikufuna kudya, mukubwera okhalitsa kumverera kwa satiety. Mkate uwu lipindulitsa pa mtima ndi mtima matenda, matenda a shuga n'chofunika kwa anthu pa chakudya, kapena amene nthawi zonse oyang'anira kulemera.

mkate luso yopanga

Kuyambira kumayambiliro kwambiri za ndondomeko kuphika chofunika ndi munthu wa chipiliro ndi khama. Ngakhale ndi zamakono za ulimi wa chakudya ndi ntchito yolemetsa.

ndondomeko imakhala magawo angapo:

1. Konzani zosakaniza. Izi ufa sieving ndi mix mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana, ntchito ndi gilateni.
2. Chiwiya chako chokandiramo ufa.
3. Kuwonjezera ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu ndi kumatula.
4. Kupatukana chiyeso kufanana.
5. Mapangidwe akusowekapo.
6. Kuphika.
7. Yozizira.
8. Kenaka kwa yosungirako.

Mkate zikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala zofunika monga madzi, ufa, yisiti ndi mchere. Kwa flavoring mwina zidzawonjezedwa kwa zosakaniza zina: mkaka, batala, madzi, shuga, mbewu poppy, chimera, zonunkhira.

Mayeso Kukonzekera - za makumi asanu peresenti ya ndondomeko lonse. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi zofunika zimatengera, inu kupeza chakudya zokoma kapena ayi.

Njira pokonza mtanda

Mkate mtanda angathe kukonzekera m'njira ziwiri: bezoparnym ndi oparnym.

Oparny njira kumafuna yokonza mtanda. Kuti izi analimbikitsa ufa theka ndipo 2/3 madzi ndi zimene zinatchulidwa pa Chinsinsi. Popeza tikukonzekera mkate ndi yisiti ndiye anaika mu osakaniza ndi, ngati anaphika tirigu. Ntchito kuphika rye Sourdough. Opara ayenera kuima mu ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu kwa maola awiri ndi anayi pa kutentha twente-seveni - madigiri makumi atatu. Koma kale onjezerani zosakaniza onse ndi uukande.

Pamene njira bezoparnym zigawo zonse ali osokonezeka yomweyo mmene Chinsinsi. Mmenemonso, mtanda amakhalabe akungoyendayenda maola atatu kapena anayi, ndipo ndiye anaphika.

Pali akadali akamayamba mayeso luso limene la magawo khumi la ufa zinachitika ndi madzi otentha.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti njira oparny ndi mosalekeza kwambiri. Kulikonse mu kupanga ntchito chokha. Njira Iyamba ndondomeko kuphika, koma akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto mu nkhani iyi ndi khalidwe. Koma ndondomeko Brew limachititsa kuphika zokoma, mwatsopano yachisoni mkate yaitali cherstveyuschy.

Kumapeto kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri panali njira zamakono pokonza kuphika.

Micronization ntchito okha dzinthu ena. njira zachokera pa ntchito kunyezimira infuraredi amene amayambitsa tirigu kuphika yekha chifukwa dongosolo lawo. Mofulumira Kutentha ndondomeko kusungabe pazipita kuchuluka kwa zakudya mu kuphika lapansi.

Extrusion - tirigu kukonzedwa opanikizika. chipangizo ntchito ndi kabotolo luso. Mkulu kutentha ndi mavuto yomweyo tenderize misa.

mbiri

Today ife ndi mfundo bwino kuti mkate zakonzedwa kwa mbewu monga chimanga. Komabe, olemba mbiri amati sizinali nthawi zonse. Ndipo mikate woyamba anapangidwa kuchokera zipatso zokwana. Masiku amenewo, iwo alibe, ndiponso kusonkhanitsa awo sikutanthauza khama. Choncho anthu anaphunzira kuphika kwa iwo chakudya chopatsa thanzi.

Pali Baibulo chachiwiri, imene mkate choyamba linakonzedwa ntchito mtedza.

Kutulukira zachokera tirigu kuphika zinachitika mwangozi. The zinachitika mkate ano poyamba anaonekera mu nthawi Neolithic. Poyambirira, inali mikate wamba. Anakonza Sumerians wakale ndi Aigupto. Ndipo kenako mu Iguputo, anthu mwadala kubwera kwa kulima tirigu, kufuna kukwaniritsa bwino khalidwe. Pamenepo Aiguputo anatulukira njira ya mkate ndi Sourdough. Amadziwika kuti, mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri m'ma BC, iwo anadziwa kale momwe brew mowa, mwina chinachititsa kuti lingaliro la ntchito nayonso mphamvu kuti akonze mtanda.

mwamsanga luso la mkate yopanga kufala padziko lonse. Monga maziko mankhwala tirigu pa nthawi ife ntchito zomera monga chimanga, amene anagawidwa mu malo okhala. Koma sitata anatenga zosiyanasiyana. Izo zikhoza kukhala kwa thovu mowa, ndipo ozungulira mabakiteriya chilengedwe. Art kuphika chakudya akasintha ndi bwino kwa zaka, koma lero maziko a Chinsinsi aliyense ufa dzinthu, yisiti ndi madzi.

Nkhani ya rye mkate

umboni wotsimikizira zikusonyeza kuti Russian mkate Chinsinsi - izo anaphika yekha ufa rye. Black mkate anaonekera mu Russia mu zaka za zana la khumi ndi limodzi. Chimodzimodzi kuyambira mankhwala anagwa mu makalasi onse: olemera, osauka ndi pakati wamba.

Koma kunja rye mkate kunyeketsa wamba chabe, T. E. The osaukitsitsa. Mu Russia, maganizo osiyana kotheratu kwa mankhwala. mkate Black ankaona miyambo mwamtheradi. Mwina chifukwa nyengo yabwino kwambiri kwa rye kuposa mbewu zina.

Mu chinayi-khumi ndi atumwi ku Russia pali kale kunali mitundu yambiri ya zoterezi mkate: Borodino, custard, Krasnoselsky. maphikidwe zimenezi zasungidwa ndi akali, monga iwo anabwera kwa ife kuchokera pa nyengo kuti lakutali.

Rye mkate - atsimikize kwambiri ndi wathanzi. Iwo Sachita mafuta m'thupi, shuga. A kuphatikiza CHIKWANGWANI ndi mukubwadamuka amalenga microflora zolondola.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Monga mukuonera nthawi zonse chifukwa cha mphamvu wakhala mkate. Mikate tsopano osiyanasiyana ndithu, aliyense angakwanitse kusankha mtundu lamanja, zochokera zofuna za thupi.