Kodi Maya: Mfundo chitukuko anamuchokera. Origin ndi ntchito za anthu akale a Mesoamerica

Mbiri ya chitukuko Mayan mwadzaza zinsinsi. Mmodzi wa iwo - chifukwa mofulumira mwadzidzidzi anthu zakale zafika pamlingo n'zosadabwitsa mkulu wa chikhalidwe.

Origin ndi malo m'dera

Maya ndi imodzi mwa chitukuko Mesoamerican anayamba kutuluka padziko 2000 BC. e. Inakhalapo pa dera la ku Mexico wa Tabasco ndi Yucatán, Guatemala ndi maiko Belize, Honduras ndi El Salvador. The mtunda zomwe moyo mafuko awa wakale, anagawa m'zigawo zitatu nyengo: louma ndi miyala phiri dera, nkhalango zotentha ndi malo ndi zomera olemera.

Ponena za magwero a anthu, komanso za komwe zotayika Maya, pali maganizo ambiri. Pali chiphunzitso chimene iwo anachokera Asia, ndipo ngakhale kopanda zinsinsi zimene ana a anthu a lanthano Atlantis. chiphunzitso china limanena kuti iwo anadza ku Palestine. Umboni kutsogoleredwa ndi chakuti ambiri a zinthu chipembedzo Mayan ofanana Mkhristu (lingaliro la kufika kwa Mesiya, mtanda chizindikiro). Komanso, mamangidwe a anthu awa kwambiri ngati Mwiguputo, ndipo izi zikusonyeza kuti ndi zolowana chikugwirizana ndi Egypt.

Mayans: mbiri ya chitukuko chachikulu

Akatswiri mwayi - pali magwero osiyanasiyana amene inu mukhoza kupanga chithunzi cha moyo wa anthu awa wakale. Mbiri yake ndi kugawidwa m'mbali zingapo zazikulu.

Masiku chisanadze chakale cha Amwenye Mayan anali mafuko yaing'ono popanga chakudya ndi nyama komanso kukafufuza. Za 1000 BC. e. pali zambiri midzi ka alimi. El Mirador - umodzi mwa mizinda woyamba wa Maya, tsopano amadziwika pyramidal ake yaikulu mu mamita 72 kutalika. Iwo unali mzinda waukulu wa nthawi chisanadze tingachipeze powerenga.

nyengo yotsatira (400 BC -.... 250 AD) amakhala ndi kusintha kwambiri pa moyo wa Amwenye. Pali kukula mofulumira mizinda anamanga yaikulu mapulani maofesi.

zaka 250-600. N. e. - nthawi ya nyengo ya yapamwamba ya chitukuko ya wakale anthu a Mesoamerica. Nthawi imeneyi, ife anayamba kupikisana ndi mzake mzinda-limati. zomangamanga awo inali kuperekedwa zobiriwira nyumba mapulani. Kawirikawiri nyumba mozungulira ndi amakona anayi chapakati lalikulu okongoletsedwa ndi masks milungu ndi zithunzi m'nthano losema mwala. History Mayan ananena kuti mbali anali pamaso pa midzi pakati pa mizinda ya mapiramidi mpaka mamita 15.

Pofika kumapeto kwa nthawi zachikhalidwe cha anthu Guatemala ya malo otsika a m'mbali kwafika chidwi chiwerengero cha pa 3 miliyoni anthu.

Mochedwa Classic nthawi - ndi heyday wa chikhalidwe cha anthu akale a Mesoamerica. Ndiye padali anakhazikitsa mzinda waukulu - Uxmal, Chichen Itza ndi Coba. Chiwerengero cha aliyense wa iwo ndi anthu 10 25 chikwi. mbiri Mayan sangalephere kudabwa - nthawi imeneyi ku Ulaya analibe midzi lalikulu.

Sport ndi zamanja Mayan

Main utakhala amwenye ulimi (slash ndiponso kutentha ndi ulimi wothirira), kuweta njuchi ndi luso. Ndithu chimanga (waukulu mbewu), nyemba, tomato, maungu, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola, fodya, thonje, mbatata ndipo zosiyanasiyana mchere. Zofunika mbewu anali koko.

Zikugwira kulima zipatso ndi Maya. Tsopano n'zovuta kudziwa yemwe zipatso mitengo anali otukuka. Anthu ntchito kudya papaya, mapeyala, Ramon chikosapote, Nancy, Marañon.

Ngakhale mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko Amaya sanasiye kuonera ndi kusonkhanitsa. Palm masamba ankagwiritsanso ntchito mfundo madenga ndi zipangizo denga kwa madengu kuluka, anasonkhana utomoni ntchito ngati zofukiza, ndi Koros kuphika chakudya.

Kusaka ndi nsomba, nayenso, anali m'gulu ntchito yaikulu ya Amwenye.

Kafukufuku pofukula zikuonekeratu kuti Yucatán ndi Guatemala moyo aluso: gunsmiths, weavers, jewelers, Osema ndi mapulani.

zomangamanga

Maya amadziwika nyumba zake olemekezeka: pyramidal maofesi ndi nyumba za mafumu olamulira. Komanso iwo analengedwa ziboliboli okongola ndi Antiokeya, ziboliboli, zolinga zazikulu zimene zinali anthropomorphic mulungu.

nsembe

Pakati pa nyumba kupulumuka kwa mbali yaikulu ndi wotanganidwa ndi nyumba zachipembedzo. Zimenezi ndi zina amati chipembedzo ali mu moyo wa Maya seŵero. Amadziwika kuti ali miyambo Kuchotsa magazi ndi anthu nsembe ya milungu. Achiwawa koposa miyambo anali moyo kuzikwirira wa woberedwa, komanso analinkung'ambika pamimba ndi kukoka mtima kunja kwa thupi akadali munthu wamoyo. Aziphera nsembe akaidi osati atsogoleri.

Chinsinsi cha kutha kwa anthu

Funso za mmene wapita Maya akupitiriza chidwi ofufuza ambiri. Amadziwika kuti IX m'ma dera kum'mwera kwa Amwenye moyo anayamba kanthu. Pazifukwa zina, anthu anayamba achoke mu mzindawo. Posakhalitsa, ndondomeko anayala ku Yucatán chapakati. Kodi Maya ndi chifukwa iwo anasiya nyumba zawo? Funso alibe yankho. Pali malingaliro amene amafuna kufotokoza mofulumira mwadzidzidzi mmodzi wa anthu a Mesoamerica. Akatswiri kuyitana zifukwa zotsatirazi: mliri mdani, kupanduka wamagazi, miliri ndi masoka zachilengedwe. Mwina Maya anathyola bwino pakati chikhalidwe ndi munthu. Mofulumira kukula anthu kwathunthu zatha zachilengedwe ndipo anayamba kuona mavuto aakulu ndi kupanda lachonde ndi madzi akumwa.

The kungoganizira yamasika za kuchepa wa chitukuko Mayan wosonyeza kuti chinali chifukwa cha chilala, zomwe zinachititsa kuti Kuwonongedwa kwa mizinda.

Ngakhale mfundo izi sanalandire zimasonyeza lalikulu, ndi funso za komwe otaika Maya, chimakhala chotsegula.

amakono Maya

Ancient anthu Mesoamerican mbisoweka popanda sanachite. Anakhalabe pa mbumba yake - Mayan ano. Iwo amapitiriza kukhala mu dziko la makolo awo otchuka - mu Guatemala ndi Mexico, kusunga chinenero, miyambo ndi njira ya moyo.