Bulgakov imfa chigoba, chifukwa cha imfa yake

Mihail Afanasevich Bulgakov anali mmodzi wa Ambiri kuwerenga, kukambirana, ndipo iye anati XX atumwi. ntchito, moyo wake ndipo ngakhale imfa lowonjezera ndi zinsinsi ndi nthano, ndipo buku "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" analemba dzina la Mlengi wake mu makalata golide m'mbiri ya mabuku Russian ndi dziko. Koma chinsinsi nthawi zonse zakutidwa umunthu wake, ndi funso lakuti: "Bwanji Bulgakov anapanga chigoba imfa?" Ndipo anali mokwanira anafotokoza.

Njira yovuta

Tsopano dzina milomo Bulgakov, koma panali nthawi, pamene ntchito zake zinali lofalitsidwa, ndipo iye anali anaziika pafupi ndi maulamuliro ndi mbali popemphera phwando. Umenewu ndi zosasangalatsa ndi zokhumudwitsa kwa wolemba, pambuyo onse ankayenera kukhalabe tcheru kuti kungadzutse zopanda pake ndipo amanena. moyo Bulgakov a sanachitepo zosavuta - ngakhale pa ntchito dokotala kapena ngati wolemba za masewero, kapena monga novelist a. Koma otsiriza amaonekera - Bulgakov a posthumous chigoba - zikusonyeza kuti anthu mkulu, ndi pamwamba mphamvu zonse, anayamikira luntha lake.

moyo

Bulgakov anabadwa May 3, 1891 m'banja lalikulu. Iye anali mwana wamkulu, ndi kuwonjezerapo, makolo anali ndi abale awiri ndi alongo anayi. Pamene iye anali zisanu ndi ziwiri, bambo ake anatsika nephrosclerosis ndipo anafa.

sekondale analandira mu bwino Michael Kiev zolimbitsa thupi, koma makamaka sanali wakhama. Sanaleke mnyamata analowa Medical la Yunivesite Imperial. Panthawi imeneyo nkhondo ya 1914-1918. Ndipo maphunziro zinachitika m'munda usilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo, anakumana mkazi wake, Tatyanoy Lappoy, ndi fifitini-chaka mtsikana wa lonjezano. Iwo sanali kuvula zonse mu chipinda, ndipo pamene Bulgakov anali sophomore, tinakwatirana.

The First World nkhondo

mwambo umenewu alibe magawano mu moyo mpandawo wa banja lina lachinyamata. Iwo anachita zonse pamodzi. Tatiana anapita ndi mwamuna wake pa zipatala kutsogolo-mzere, bungwe zinthu zogwidwa ndi thandizo kwa anthu ovutika nawo mbali pa ntchito monga nesi ndi wothandizira. Bulgakov analandira digiri dokotala, kukhala kutsogolo. Mu March 1916, wolemba tsogolo kudzipatula mmbuyo, ndipo lathuli mu chigawo Smolensk, kusamalira malo zachipatala. , Kuyambira wake mchitidwe boma mankhwala. Pa mungawerenge mu nkhani za "Mfundo ya mnyamata yemwe anali dokotala" ndi "Morphine".

zizolowezi

M'chaka cha 1917, kupanga tracheotomy mwana odwala ndi diphtheria, Mr Mikhail anaganiza mukuyigwira, ndipo ngati njira kanthu Kwalamulidwa morphine yokha kuthetsa kuyabwa ndi ululu. Podziwa kuti mankhwala kwambiri kuwasiya, anapitiriza kumwa mankhwalawa ndipo kenako inasanduka okhazikika wanu "mtima". mkazi wake Tatiana Lappa atopa ndi boma la zochitika pamodzi ndi I. P. Voskresenskim akhoza tichotse wolemba khalidwe. Koma kwa ntchito zachipatala anali monga morphinism ankaona matenda osachiritsika. Kenako, ndi kuthetsa chizolowezi, iye anatha kuyamba mchitidwe payekha. Izi zinali mwa njira, mu Kiev ndi midzi yozungulira mzindawo panali ndewu, mphamvu zikusintha, ndi kufunika zaumoyo ophunzitsidwa. nthawi iyi kumaonekera "White Alonda" buku. Pangakhale osati zongopeka chikhalidwe, komanso a m'banja lake: mlongo, m'bale apongozi.

North Caucasus

Zima 1919 Bulgakov kachiwiri posungira usilikali ndipo momwe kuti achire Vladikavkaz. Apo iye yothetsa, kuchititsa mkazi wake uthengawo, ndipo akupitiriza kuwachitira. Nawo ntchito ya usilikali, zimathandiza anthu wamba, analemba nkhani. Kwenikweni limafotokoza wake "ulendo", amakhala m'malo zachilendo. Mu 1920, ndi mankhwala izo zinaliri pa muyaya. Ndipo panali chida chatsopano cha moyo - utolankhani ndi otchedwa Mitundu zazing'ono (nkhani, mabuku), zomwe zinatuluka mu nyuzipepala m'dera la North Caucasus. Bulgakov ankafuna kutchuka, koma mkazi wake si kudula zolinga zake. Ndiyeno anayamba kupuma mangawawo. Koma pamene wolemba kuyamba kudwala ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, mkazi anamulera usana ndi usiku, ndipo anakhala pafupi ndi bedi. Pambuyo achire, akhafunika kuti azolowere kuti watsopano, monga Vladikavkaz anayamba kulamulira Soviet.

yovuta

The makumi Mu zaka zapitazo anali banja Bulgakovs kovuta. Tinayenera apeze zofunika pa moyo wake pa ntchito kulimbikira tsiku. Ichi ndi yotopetsa kwambiri wolemba, sanam'patse kupuma mosavuta. Nthawi imeneyi anayamba kulemba "malonda" mabuku, makamaka amasewera kuti Iye anatikonda ndi ankaona wosayenera kutchedwa luso. Kenako, iye anawalamula zonse kuwotcha.

Soviet mphamvu kunadetsa kuonetsa ulamuliro, anali kudzudzulidwa osati mankhwala, koma apo mawu disjointed kuti anasonkhana otsutsa. Mwachibadwa, ngati zinthu zili choncho, izo zimakhala zovuta kukhala ndi banja anapita choyamba mu Batum, ndiyeno Moscow.

Moscow moyo

Image Bulgakov zambiri zokhudza anthu otchulidwa wake ntchito zomwezo kenako anasonyeza kuti moyo weniweniwo. M'malo nyumba zingapo, banjali anakhala mu nyumba pa up. Bolshaya Sadovaya 10, nyumba nambala 50, moyo imeneyi mu buku wotchuka ndi mlembi wa "Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita." Popeza ntchito anayambanso mavuto masitolo mankhwala ochokera makadi, ndipo izi zidutswa wapatali pepala zinali zovuta kwambiri.

February 1, 1922 afa mayi ake Bulgakov. Chochitika ichi chimakhala nkhonya choopsa kwa iye, makamaka achipongwe kwa wolemba kuti ngakhale kupita ku maliro, iye alibe mwayi. Patapita zaka ziwiri, pali yopuma komaliza ndi Lappi. Ndi nthawi ya chilekaniro awo Bulgakov wakhala kamvuluvulu chibwenzi ndi Chikondi Belozerskaya, amene anakhala mkazi wake wachiwiri. Iye anali wovina, kwa mkulu mkazi anthu. Chotero Bulgakov akulakalaka mkazi wolembayo, koma ukwati sunakhalitse.

Perechistenskoe nthawi

Apo pakubwera nthawi ya ukuyanga ntchito Bulgakov ngati wolemba ndi Wolemba wina. masewero ake ankachitika, omvera wamwamuna atipatsa, moyo akupeza bwino. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, wolemba amatenga chidwi NKVD ndi kuyesa incriminate iye chipongwe kuti boma panopa, kapena woipa. Monga wa cornucopia anatsanulira kuletsedwa: a zisudzo, atolankhani kusindikiza za kulankhula pagulu. Pamenepo anadza kusowa ndalama. Mu 1926, wolemba ngakhale amatchedwa mafunso. April 18 chaka chomwecho, wotchuka telefoni ndi Stalin, amene kachiwiri anasintha moyo Bulgakov kuti akhale abwino. Iwo anatenga mkulu wa Moscow Art Theatre.

Nuremberg-Shilovskaya-Bulgakov

Kumeneko, pa Moscow Art Theatre, wolemba anakumana mkazi wake wachitatu, Elena Sergeevna. Poyamba anali mnzake koma kenako ndinazindikira kuti sitingakhale ndi moyo popanda wina ndi mzake, ndipo anaganiza kuti alange aliyense. yaitali kwambiri ndi zosasangalatsa anali Shilovskaya yopuma ndi mwamuna wake woyamba. Iye anali ndi ana awiri amene anagawanika pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi, ndipo nthawi yomweyo pambuyo Belozerskaya Bulgakov anapereka chilekano, wokwatiwa okonda. Mkazi uyu anali ndi thandizo lenileni ndi kuthandiza iye mu zaka zovuta kwambiri pa moyo wake. Pamene ntchito pa buku wotchuka mu nthawi ya matenda.

"Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita" ndi zaka lomaliza

Ntchito pa buku chapakati kwathunthu analanda wolemba anamuuza kwambiri chidwi ndi khama. Mu 1928, ndi ganizo la buku anaonekera mu 1930, anamasulidwa ndi asilikali amene wopyoza kusintha kwambiri pofuna kuti adaona kuwala kwa lemba kuti tonse kumbukirani, mwina ndi mtima. Ena mwa masamba zinalembedwa ambiri zina ndi zaka zomalizira za moyo wa Bulgakov anali otanganidwa kusintha makombo wokonzeka ndi nadiktovyvaniem "mapeto" Baibulo Elena Sergeevna.

Koma ntchito dramaturgical si ulesi mu zaka wake wotsiriza Bulgakov. Iye amayika sewerolo zochokera ntchito za olemba ankakonda - Gogol ndi Pushkin, akuti, "pa tebulo". Alexander anali wolemba ndakatulo okha amene anakonda wolemba. Ndipo mmodzi wa iwo kanjedza kumene kunachotsedwa chigoba imfa. Bulgakov anapita lingaliro ntchito ed za Stalin, koma mlembi wamkulu analepheretsa chiwembu.

Pafupi imfa

September 10, 1939 wolemba mwadzidzidzi masomphenya. Bulgakov (chifukwa cha imfa ya atate ake - nephrosclerosis) akuti zizindikiro zonse matendawa ndipo wafika kunena kuti iye anali ndi nthenda yofanana. Chifukwa cha khama la mkazi wake ndi chipatala chaching'ono chithandizo ofoola ziwalo zizindikiro kuphwera. Ngakhale zimathandiza kuti abwerere ntchito anasiya, koma posakhalitsa.

Tsiku la imfa Bulgakov - March 10, 1940, twente-faifi madzulo. Iye anapita ku dziko lina, stoically kupirira mavuto onse. Kusiya wolemera luso cholowa. Chinsinsi cha imfa ya Mikhail Bulgakov ndipo sanali chinsinsi konse: mavuto nephrosclerosis namupha monga bambo wake. Iye ankadziwa izo zikutsiriza. Ndithudi, palibe munthu akanakhoza kunena chimodzimodzi pamene chidzakhala chochitika Kalanga pamene Bulgakov kufa. Chifukwa cha imfa zoonekeratu, koma mmene akhoza kugwiritsa moyo - palibe.

mwambo ndi maliro zinachitika mwaulemu kwambiri. Miyambo wolemba loyang'anizana imfa chigoba chachotsedwa. Bulgakov anaganiza kuti unachita kutenthedwa, monga mwa chifuniro chake. Pa utumiki chikumbutso anabwera comrades Bulgakov olemba, anzake ku Moscow Art Theatre, mamembala a Union of Writers. Ndinaitana ngakhale mlembi wa Stalin, ndiyeno epitaph lalikulu inafalitsidwa mu "nyuzipepala zolembalemba". Iye anaikidwa mu manda Novodevichy, pafupi ndi manda a Chekhov.

Ngati zimakukhudzani funso ili: "Kodi imfa achilungamo Bulgakov," ndiye yankho lake ndi losavuta: izo atachitidwa kwa chomwecho amatulutsa posthumous mu nyumbayi. Ndiye, ngati chosema anapanga okha milandu amene anthu amalankhula ulemu ndi kulemekeza kwambiri Bulgakov ngati wolemba luso, ngakhale kuti onse a moyo wake. Chifuniro cha wolemba si ndipo sanathe kukhala mfundo zomwe kukwana mu chigoba imfa. Bulgakov Sankakamba foppery chabe, makamaka a mtundu umenewu. Mumpanda mphindi anaganiza anzake.