M'midzi British

British madera - M'madera ambiri padziko lonse amene walandidwa, anatengedwa pa protectorate kapena njira zina anapeza pakati pa zaka 16 ndi 18, mmodzi wa maufumu amphamvu kwambiri m'mbuyomu - British.

Ulendowu unali chitukuko malo. Nthawi imeneyi, panali mpikisano amphamvu magwero a chuma ndi misika angathe opanga pakati pa Britain ndi Otsutsa ake chokhala - Spain, France ndi Holland. Mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth I kusinthanitsa makampani anakhazikitsidwa mu Turkey, Russia, ndi East Indies, kufufuza kugombe la North America.

Akukhulupirira ndi azambiriyakale, patsogolo m'zigawozo dziko linayamba ndi nthawi pamene Elizabeth I anapatsa ufulu ankakonda ake, Sir Walter Raleigh kukhazikitsa madera English ku North America.

Poyamba malamulo a ufumuwo anali chokhazikika pa malingaliro mercantilist. Pa Stewart, James I ndipo Charles Ine, ndi Oliver Cromwell ndi kumanga ufumu zochokera ziwembu malonda, zinali zoonekeratu kwambiri. Yabwino bwino malonda (inatha katundu kunja) popeza kuti kupereka chuma zofunika patsogolo ndi kusamalira ufumu.

Mu 1707, pambuyo kugwirizana kwa England ndi ku Scotland mu umodzi unkalamuliridwa, madera ambiri a Great Britain (kuphatikizapo Scottish kale) inakhala maziko a ufumu wotchuka.

Choyamba kunja midzi British anali anakhazikitsidwa mu Ireland. The adani mwadongosolo dziko zinachitikadi pansi Oliver Cromwell. Pambuyo nkhondo bwino ndi Dutch, ndi French ndi Spanish m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri, Britain anali wokhoza kulamulira kwambiri kwa gombe la kum'mawa kwa North America, Pool St. Lawrence mtsinje Canada, Bermuda, dera la West Indies ndipo Africa kugula akapolo ndi kukhala ndi kufalikira mu India.

Olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti onse Wales tiyenera kuziganizira loyamba m'Chingelezi njuchi kuyambira akuti sizikutanthauza gawo kunja.

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu cha madera British ku America anali otaika. Ngakhale atulukira Australia sanatumikirepo monga mtundu wa malipilo, kuyambira akutali m'mayiko anatumikira makamaka ngati malo ukapolo kwa amuna anadzudzula, koma imfa imeneyi zimakhudza otchedwa "kugwedezeka kwa East" - kupeza zapansi njira pamodzi njira zamalonda pakati pa India ndi Far East. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ulamuliro British la India anawonjezera kuti Afghanistan ndi Burma.

Chifukwa cha Napoleonic Nkhondo - otsiriza nkhondo padziko lonse pakati pa maufumu - Britain linali ngakhale mu zinthu zovuta kwambiri, koma popanda kukayika ndi udindo amphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, Dutch Cape Colony (South Africa) utapezeka. Ngakhale kuti kuganizira mfundo yachilendo kwa zamunthawi ya Victoria ndi mbali ina ya Russian Ufumu, amene anamuopseza zofuna zake mu India, pafupifupi onse mpikisano mwambo kwa nthawi kuti ataya phindu ndipo achepetsa kukula, kotero kuti udindo lachifumu Britain anali angatsutse. Komanso, wakhala akutsogolera mayiko olemera mu Europe, m'madera ambiri a dziko anaikira kulamulidwa a mphamvu yake malonda, chuma ndi panyanja.

Komabe, udindo sichikanakhoza kutchedwa khola. Ufumu potengera maganizo a mercantilism, wakhala mphamvu malemu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi zinthu zingapo. Mu 1807 ku England anathetsa ukapolo kayendedwe kutsogoleredwa ndi alaliki, anafuna kusintha kwakukulu m'madera ena a mu ufumuwo. Kuyambira 1833 maganizo a zachuma kwa (kwakukulukulu mwa mphamvu ya maganizo a Adam Smith), ena madera British n'kuyamba kwa wodzilamulira ndi ufulu wochita malonda, omwe ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zaka mabungwe oligarchic ndi monopolistic malonda. Ndipo komabe pa zamunthawi ya Victoria nyengo anapitiriza kupeza m'madera ndi zokambirana malonda ankalimbikitsa ndi tiganizira njira ndi wolungamitsidwa zolinga zachifundo. pachimake aukali malamulo ake Great Britain anafika pamene Koroleva Viktoriya, kuputa Nduna Benjamin Disraeli, litanena mu 1876 ndi Mfumukazi ya India.

Mu Ufumu Komabe, anapitiriza kukhala kayendedwe mtundu, posapita nthawi, kutsogolera azingokhala ake. Dongosololi inapita patsogolo pambuyo yoyamba ya padziko lonse, ngakhale mu nthawi pambuyo nkhondo, Ufumu nthawi zina kuchuluka kukula pamene protectorate British anali kale German ndipo Turkey gawo.

A njuchi la Great Britain, Canada ndi Australia ndapeza udindo ufumu mu 1907. Mu 1931 inakhalapo wa Commonwealth of Nations, zimene zinaphatikizapo Britain ndi maulamuliro lodzilamulira la Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, ndi Irish Free State, amene chimatengedwa ngati mutu wa mfumu ya United Kingdom. Maulamuliro amachirikiza Britain pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Akatswiri ambiri tsopano ndikudabwa ngati izo zikanakhala zotheka kupambana nkhondo yoopsa popanda thandizo la atsamunda asilikali lankhondo. Iwo nawo iliyonse zamasewero ku nkhondo. Koma imfa ya British ku Far East zasonyeza bwino kuti UK siichitanso mphamvu lachifumu, angathe kukhala dongosolo mu dziko zachikhalidwe. Mu malo ya English pang'onopang'ono anadza ku America.