Oliver Cromwell: yonena za mtsogoleri wa. Zotsatira zakale za Protectorate la Cromwell

Oliver Cromwell - Ndi mmodzi wa kanjedza wotchuka wa boma la Britain. Atatchuka zikomo athandizapo ake ankhondo ndi kusintha.

Wambiri: Kromvel Oliver. Mwachidule: moyo nkhondo isanayambe,

Anabadwa mu 1599 mu Huntingdon County. mwininyumba banjali linali losauka ndi mfundo za English osankhika a nthawi. Oliver makolo agona ku ulamuliro wa Henry VIII. Inali nthawi kuti mtundu anatha kupanga mwayi confiscating dziko la mpingo, ndipo, mwina, kuti mutu apamwamba. m'badwo wina Cromwell anali pafupi mfumu, ndi Tomás Kromvel wothandizira mlangizi Henry zaka 8.

Mu pakati pa chigawocho - mzinda womwewo Huntingdon - Oliver anaphunzira maphunziro ake oyambirira. Banja mosamalitsa Pamilunguyo kwa Oyeretsa "mzimu". Choncho, kuwonjezera maphunziro Cromwell anapitiriza Sidney Sussex College, amene adadziwika kwa miyambo ndi Aprotestanti Calvin amene ali chibadidwe Puritanism. Education Milandu Sciences Thomas sanasangalale wake, ndipo posakhalitsa panjira. Pa kuumirira kwa achibale, anakwatira mwana wamkazi wa mwinimunda yaing'ono.

Chiyambi cha Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni

Kumayambiriro a zaka za m'ma 17 ku Britain anali kukula kusakhutira ndi boma. The ufumu mtheradi wa Mfumu Charles sindinathe kugwira kukonza zofunika. Mfumu, zochokera ku mpingo wa England, ali kwambiri yafupika chikoka cha yamalamulo ndi. Zimenezi zinamuthandiza kuti abwezeretse akale dziko misonkho ndi ulamuliro dongosolo. kusinthika kotereku achititsa chakukhosi anthu, zimene zinachititsa kuti chiwembu cha.

Othandiza Puritanism zinali mu yamalamulo ndi zipani zingapo, ambiri amene anali kumbali makezana za kuteteza ulamuliro zampingo. Koma gawo Oyeretsa analenga chipani "Roundheads" - ndi kwakukulu Protestant bungwe, cholinga umene unali mwa zingapo kugonjetsa mfumu. Iwo ankapita ndi Oliver Cromwell.

Ironsides apakavalo

Chiyambi cha Civil nkhondo tinganene kuti ndi n'kulephera kumuchititsa wa Mfumu kudzagwira aphungu asanu. Pambuyo pake, mbali ziwiri anayamba kusonkhanitsa asilikali. The Royal Army ali ndi apakavalo zamphamvu zimene anapereka mwayi waukulu ake. Yamalamulo asilikali inkakhala militias amene poyamba nkhondo. Zinali ndiye kuti Cromwell anaganiza zopanga kumuwombera okwera pamahatchi, amene anatha kulimbana kumbuyo apakavalo achifumu.

Oliver mwiniyo sanali usilikali ndipo sanapite mu maphunzilo koma zaka zemlevladelchestva anam'patsa lingaliro za kukwera. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, iye anakhala mkulu wa kavalo detachment a anthu makumi asanu. Anawaphunzitsa kuukira mu mabungwe mabungwe ndi kuukira kwa pambali. Pa nkhondowo, ndi apakavalo la Cromwell unachitikira limodzi ndi anaukira chidutswa chimodzi, pamene apakavalo achifumu, wopangidwa mwa anthu olemera, anaukira mosintha. Zaluso msanga yayenda bwino, ndi Oliver Cromwell anakhala mtsogoleri wa gulu wotchuka "Ironsides apakavalo."

Nkhondowo wagawo nawo pafupi 2 zikwi omenyana. Onse a iwo atayesedwa ndi okhwima kusankha. Msilikali aliyense anali wakhama wochirikiza wa Chiprotestanti ndi Oyeretsa. Oliver Cromwell analetsa kumwa ndi njuga mumsasa zopatsidwa kwa iye gulu. khalidwe labwino ndi malangizo okhwima anali aakulu propaganda chikoka. anthu Local anamusilira abstainers olimbana ndi massively kulowa usilikali wa parliamentarians. msasa womwenso anaimba wodalira utsogoleri wolowezana wa chiyambi. Choncho, unit anali kwambiri logwirizana ndiponso ochezeka. Pakuti mtima ndi mphamvu pa nkhondo apakavalo la Cromwell anapatsidwa dzina lakuti "Ironsides".

lophunzira North

Mwa mwezi wa m'chilimwe 1644 magulu aphungu unachitikira kuzinga York - chitetezo waukulu wachifumu (royalist) boma la North. mbali zonse zamveka zodabwitsa kufunika njira ya mzinda Chotero allocated kwa gawo lino asilikali ake abwino. Korol Karl anatumiza mphwake Rupert kuthandiza wa anazinga, chifukwa choopa kuika mzinda asilikali. reinforcements mwadzidzidzi amakakamizidwa usilikali kuti abwerere parliamentarians. Atalimbikitsidwa ndi bwino izi, Prince Rupert anagwirizana ndi otsala a asilikali achifumu ndi kuyenda Marson Moor, ndi cholinga kuswa Makamu "Roundheads".

July 2 dzanja anamanga kuti nkhondo, kuyembekezera nkhondo. Wotchuka "njonda" kuchuluka kwa 6000, anakanitsitsa M'gulu la asilikali okwera pamahatchi amene anatsogolera Oliver Cromwell. Commander anachoka mu malo ndi platoon ka okwera Irish mikhalidwe yovuta. The Cavaliers anabwera Marson-Moore 17000th asilikali. Parliamentarians anali 10 zikwi zambiri. Koma nkhondo kukuchitika amadalira ntchito apakavalo. Cromwell inali pa phiko bwino. Iye analamula anthu ake kuti usathe kuukira, ndi zinthu monga gulu limodzi. Rupert ndi apakavalo iye anasonyeza lancers mikondo yaitali, amene anapha okwera pa nkhondoyi mwachindunji.

Nkhondo Marson-Moore

Pa 5 koloko kale kuyambirira bombardment. Pambuyo 2 chasa ankaimba chitoliro ndi detachment Cromwell anathamangira kuukira. Kwa akuthamanga makamu anamenyana pa nkhondo aukali. Kuyambira mphindi loyamba royalists anayamba kukankhira adani. Anakhudzidwa Mkhalidwe ukulu omenyana. okwera onse anali Rupert ubwana anaphunzitsidwa luso zofunika asilikali. Oliver Cromwell anavulazidwa kwambiri ku nkhondo ndipo anachoka kumangirira. Pa nthawi imeneyi, analamula malo kumuwombera kugunda pambali ya "njonda." Mchitidwe zinabala zipatso, mdani chinachepa. Ndiyeno Ndimasewera Oliver uliwonse pa kuukira mu mapangidwe zolimba. Sputtered pa lalikulu okwera m'dera Rupert sakanakhoza kugwirizana bungwe kukana, pamene parliamentarians mphamvu kale reorganized ndi gulu limodzi anapezerapo vuto latsopano.

Zotsatira za nkhondo

Ndiyamika bwino kanthu apakavalo la Cromwell, ndi royalists usiku anaziwonongeratu. Pa nkhondo anakhalabe atagona asilikali 4,000, kuposa zikwi anagwidwa. Army Parliamentarians anataya asilikali 300 okha.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali wachifumu ku Marson-Moore anali woyamba kwambiri kupambana kwa opandukawo. Lophunzira York analola parliamentarians kuti kuyan'ana North lonse. apakavalo Cromwell anasonyeza kuchita chapamwamba kwa machenjelero latsopano kuukira mmaudindo. Pokwiya, Prince Rupert ananena kuti Oliver Cromwell, "mwina Ironsides, nthawi tikhoza kupambana" (palibe chitsimikizo cha boma cha mawu).

Oliver Cromwell: mkulu-General wa asilikali aphungu

Anasonyeza Cromwell luso ambiri anamuika mkulu wa onse detachments asilikali yamalamulo. Iye anayamba mapangidwe gulu lankhondo la chitsanzo latsopano, chitsanzo cha lake "Ironsides" okwera. The absolutist England analandira kapitawo tithe malingana wolowezana awo mmadera. Asilikali watsopano, lamulo limeneli linathetsedwa. m'malo Senior umachitika mwa anthu amene amasonyeza luso lawo kuchita. Zimenezi zathandizira kuti cohesion ndi umodzi wa asilikali. Komanso, masinthidwe amenewa ovomerezedwa ndi anthu. Alimi ndi landlords yaing'ono zitsulo misa Ufumuyo aphungu.

Watsopano chitsanzo asilikali

makamu atatu osasamba sizitchulidwa ndi aliyense payekha komanso mwachindunji pansi warlords yekha, iwo akhala n'kukhala munthu, analipo anthu 22 sauzande. malamulo okhwima a mwambo kuphwanya amene analembedwa ndi zilango zosiyanasiyana ziletso. The makhalidwe a asilikali mothandizidwa ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo. Ena a iwo analipo mwachindunji nkhondo, kuvala mikanjo wakuda. Achipembedzo omenyana maphunziro mu mzimu wa Puritanism, Cromwell Ufumuyo lofunika kwambiri.

Madzulo a anthu a m'mayiko a kum'mawa, zomwe zofuna wa asilikali, anati kulephera kupitiliza kuthandiza. Army ziŵalo kuchepetsa ndalama ndalama. ubatizo wake wa nyumba yamalamulo asilikali analandira nkhondo pa Nesbit, anapambana Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga kugonjetsa "anthu olemekezeka."

ulamuliro Cromwell a

Pambuyo pa nkhondo yake yomaliza pa Cavaliers parliamentarians anatha kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wawo. Oliver Cromwell kunapangitsa kuti dziko la. Ambuye Mtetezi (Cromwell mutu) anakhazikitsa authoritarian kupondereza ndi "chitsulo" madongosolo. Iye ankadalira thandizo la comrades wake nkhondo, amene pambuyo nkhondo kunkakhala kagwiridwe ka malo ofunika. Amuna amenewa anali oona Cromwell dyera kukwaniritsa malangizo ake onse. Kukana mutu wa Mfumu, Cromwell kwenikweni anatsimikizira udindo Republican la England.

misonkho dongosolo anaikonzanso. ndi misewu zonse (makamaka chofunika njira) kwathunthu olamulidwa ndi asilikali. Panthawi imeneyi anayamba kugalukira ku Scotland ndi Ireland. Cromwell panokha anatsogolera asilikali kupondereza iwo. Pambuyo kubwezeretsa kuti, anaukitsa ulamuliro wa nyumba yamalamulo ndi Nyumba ya Ambuye. mbali zonse mfumu anali kuzunzidwa komanso kuzunzidwa. Pa Ambuye amene anathandiza Royalists mu Civil nkhondo, Analanda nyumbayo zofunika kusintha. Zimene analandiridwa Achikalvini ndi anthu wamba.

Imfa ndi chizindikiro pa mbiri

Oliver Cromwell anamwalira pa September 13, 1658. chifukwa likuganiziridwa chiphe (ena a mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti Ambuye Mtetezi anamwalira chifukwa cha malungo). Pamaliro a "chitsulo" Oliver anali yowoneka bwino. Koma pambuyo pawo m'dzikomo anayamba chipwirikiti. Konsekonse England, ndi funde la matenda ndi chisokonezeko. Yamalamulo anakakamizika kuitana Charles II, mwana wa mfumu anaphedwa pa mpando wachifumu. Pambuyo amaveka korona Karl analamula ulamuliro Cromwell thupi dulani, ndiyeno kudula m'magulu 4. Kuyambira pamenepo, osawuka ankaletsedwa ngakhale kuti kutchula dzina "Oliver Cromwell". Wambiri Ambuye kwa nthawi yaitali pansi kufufuza lapansi.

Cromwell anapita mu mbiri monga mtsogoleri wotchuka asilikali ndi wokonzanso. Mu ulamuliro iye anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu wamba. Kake ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha Calvin ndi Democracy. Kukonza kutulutsa Ambuye Mtetezi, ndi sitepe yoyamba kwa kupasula feudalism. M'zaka za m'ma 20, anapezeka maliro chigoba, lomwe linaikidwa mmanda Oliver Cromwell. Photo anapezazo pansipa. Kenako anaikidwa m'manda yekha mu 1960 mu nyumba yopemphereramo mmodzi wa makoleji a Cambridge.

Ngati tiyandikira nkhani kuchokera zakhala zikuchitika zaka za mabwalo ndi Protectorate analibe mphamvu pa tsoka la England, ngakhale kusintha zonse kuuzidwa Oliver Cromwell. Mwachidule yonena za lopambana England koma m'gulu la kuvomerezedwa mapulogalamu maphunziro a mbiri yakale mayunivesite onse British.