Unscheduled katemera ndi poliyo. Mitundu ya katemera, contraindications

Nkhani ya katemera wa ana ndi pachimake m'dziko lathu. Ndi chitukuko cha luso zambiri makolo masiku ano ana mwayi wolandira zosiyanasiyana zokhudza kuthekera kwa katemera nyenyeswa wanu. Mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri nkhani analandira mwa njira imeneyi ndi yolondola, molakwika, imbaenda popanda kukana katemera. An vaccinations ngakhale kwambiri chifukwa Zionetsero kuti ali akulimbikitsidwa makhalidwe ambiri a zinthu mu kufala kwa matendawa. Choncho, unscheduled katemera ndi poliyo zachititsa kuti mbali yaikulu kutsutsidwa ndi adani a katemera. M'nkhani tidzayesetsa amapezeka kuti n'chifukwa chake Katemera, imene pa nthawi yomweyo, pali ngozi.

katemera ndandanda

Ngakhale zosiyanasiyana makolo nkhawa aang'ono, madokotala amalangiza kuphunzitsa mwana ku poliyo posachedwapa. Mwachitsanzo, katemera woyamba wavomerezedwa ndi unduna wa zaumoyo kalendala akapatsidwa atatu mwezi mwana. Katemera lotsatira ikuchitika masiku 45 pambuyo pa m'mbuyomu. Ndi wotsiriza - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi chibadwire. Ndiye kufunika chilimbikitso Mlingo zaka imodzi ndi theka ndi zaka 14. Ndandanda imeneyi ya Katemera ndi poliomyelitis amalola kukhala chitetezo chokwanira amphamvu ku HIV.

Pamene katemera ana kuwonjezera?

Nthawi zina, kuchititsa unscheduled katemera ndi poliyo. Izi zimachitika:

• ngati inu sangathe kuwatsimikizira mfundo za katemera mwana;
• pamaso mayiko ndi vuto akumane AIDS kuyendera;
• pamene akukonzekera milandu "chilombo" poliyo mu dziko okhala.

katemera History

Poliyo akadali zaka zochepa chabe zapitazo ndi matenda oopsa ndipo osachiritsika. Panali mkulu amafa pakati pa anthu odwala. Only mu mzaka zana makumi awiri American wasayansi katemera Jonas Salk analengedwa ndi matenda amenewa. inactivated njira katemera ana mu 1954 anali koyamba chaka. Koma, mwatsoka, kuyesera anali kulephera - anthu ambiri ophunzira amene anakumana jekeseni wa poliyo anali anati zizindikiro za HIV matenda, imfa wolembedwa. Pambuyo nkhani imeneyi, katemera ailetsa ntchito.

kuyesa lotsatira kukhala katemera ndi poliyo unayambitsidwa mu 1957 ndi wasayansi Albert Sabin. Iye analenga mankhwala akumwa pamaziko a HIV moyo. Mayesero asonyeza bata ndi dzuwa mkulu wa njira zopewera poliyo. Mu 1963, katemera m'kamwa ankagwiritsa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri. Koma zotsatira sanali mphamvu ya mankhwala pamaziko a HIV moyo. Komanso milandu mavuto aakulu kuboma unalembedwa pambuyo OPV (katemera) polima. Zimenezi anachititsa kwambiri kulira pagulu. Kenako mankhwala analetsa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri otukuka.

Mitundu ya katemera

Ngakhale kuti kafukufuku wochuluka wasonyeza mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mankhwala pa thupi la munthu kwa Katemera, nthendayo ndi chimodzimodzi oopsa. Choncho, katemera chilengedwe si zalephereka, anayamba ndandanda yeniyeni ya katemera ndi poliyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, izo si tsiku, komanso mitundu ya mankhwala ntchito.

Today ntchito katemera zochokera inactivated HIV, kukhala ndi moyo. Aliyense wa mitundu ali ndi ubwino ndi kuipa (mwatsatanetsatane m'munsimu).

Katemera ndi poliyo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana

M'mayiko otukuka, katemera kalendala, komanso katemera unscheduled ndi poliyo imachitika yekha inactivated kukonzekera. M'maiko CIS m'njira kwa ana amene asiya 3 ndi 4.5 miyezi. chibadwire. Mu gawo lachitatu la Katemera (pa miyezi 6) ndi onse wotsatira chilimbikitso ntchito mankhwala zochokera moyo HIV.

Pa Afrika ndi Asia mpaka unachitikira yekha katemera "moyo" katemera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mankhwala ndi otsika mtengo kwambiri inactivated mnzake.

ubwino OPV

Oral katemera - mankhwala, anapanga pa maziko a moyo, koma mphamvu kwa zasayansi wa HIV poliyo. Komanso, monga mankhwala ayenera monga mwa umembala wake mankhwala kuteteza kubalana wa zamoyo tizilombo. ndi limagwirira cha zochita za katemera chiyani? Ndipotu, pambuyo kutenga mankhwala mkati ndi nthenda poliomyelitis anthu. Koma chifukwa chakuti Kachiromboka wofooka, izo wosachita ngozi za thanzi.

Komabe, katemera amenewa kuli ndi ubwino komanso kuipa. ubwino monga mfundo zotsatirazi:

• sabweretsa chisoni oyamba (m'mayiko ambiri akungotuluka chofunika kuchuluka kwa mankhwala pa shuga kyubu, ndi kupereka ana);
• OPV (katemera) chikuphatikizidwa, mwachitsanzo amateteza mitundu itatu ya tizilombo ta poliyo;
• Kukonzekera zochokera moyo HIV ndi otsika mtengo kubala kuposa IRP ya;
• Katemera m'kamwa si humoral chitetezo chokwanira komanso nsalu, kupanga n'zosatheka kukwaniritsa ndi kukonzekera inactivated.

zolakwa

Iwo ali kuipa OPV (katemera). Mukhoza kukhazikitsa zotsatirazi:

1. Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala anapangidwa pamaziko a HIV moyo, pali matenda enieni manjenje poliyo. Chotero Vuto pambuyo katemera wotchedwa katemera-kugwirizana matenda (VAP). Likutchedwa mkhalidwe tizilombo ta poliyo, amene zigawo za pokonzekera Katemera. milandu VAP zambiri zimachitika chifukwa dosing pachithunzichi ya katemera, komanso zinthu pachithunzichi yosungirako ake ndi kayendedwe. Sitingathe kukusalani tilinazo munthuyo mankhwala.
2. Iwo ali osavomerezeka katemera mwana ndi katemera wa poliyo m'kamwa kukachitika kuti mu nthawi yomweyo pafupi mwana mayi woyembekezera kapena ana ena unvaccinated, ndi anthu ndi chitetezo wofooka. Iwo ali pa magulu awa a anthu angathe kutenga HIV.
3. Ngakhale opanga zikhulupiriro, "moyo" Katemerayu ndi zambiri amakhala ndi kuyambitsa zotsatira zoyipa kuposa IPV.
4. Nkofunika kufotokozera zikuchokera mankhwala: amaphatikizapo mitundu 3 tizilombo ta HIV, 2 maantibayotiki ( "Streptomycin" ndi "neomycin") ndi formaldehyde usawonongeke.

katemera IPV

Pa funso la mtundu wanji wa katemera ndi otetezeka poliyo, ambiri yankho inactivated. Ndipo kumlingo zimenezi n'zoona. Ubwino undoubted wa IPV ndi kulephera kwa WPA, monga zikuchokera yokonza inactivated palibe mavairasi moyo, amene ali gwero la matenda. Komanso chifukwa cha ntchito "si amoyo" tizilombo ta HIV, amachepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda oyamba posleprivivochnyh ndi zochita chowawa.

Komabe, lokonzekera mulinso mchere; kutetezera ndi mankhwala. Komanso, kuipa monga kulephera IPV Katemera gulu, ndi kusowa kwa mapangidwe chitetezo m'dera minofu. Chinthu yamasika kwambiri amachepetsa mphamvu ya katemera ndi poliyo, ngati njirazo chachikulu cha kufala kwa matenda tizilombo ndi chakudya, madzi ndi banja.

Imachitika Katemera ngati jekeseni subcutaneous kapena mu mnofu mu ntchafu, ndi vane phewa.

maina katemera

Mu dziko lathu lero ntchito monovalent OPV "Oral Poliyo". HIV inactivated ntchito formulations amenewa, monga:

• "Imovaks Poliyo".
• "Infanrix".
• "DTP".
• "Pentaxim".
• "Tetrakok".

Onsewa kupatula 'Imovaks Poliyo "ndi katemera multicomponent, i.e. amene amapanga chitetezo matenda angapo tizilombo, kuphatikizapo poliyo, diphtheria, kafumbata, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae.

zochita zotheka mbali ndi mavuto

Tikumbukenso kuti mavuto aakulu n'zochepa kwambiri ndipo ambiri mwa anthu ndi immunodeficiency kapena matenda obadwa nawo pa mundawo m'mimba, komanso pa nkhani ya sanali kugwilizana ndi malamulo a katemera. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, kukula kwa machitachita mbali anati ngati kumene zikuluzikulu katemera ndi poliyo unscheduled. Ndi zimenezo, mfundo yosungirako zosayenera ndi mayendedwe a mankhwala nthawi zambiri olembedwa anapezazo pachithunzichi Mlingo ndi kuyan'anila ena.

Kodi mwina amadana chowawa pambuyo katemera? The vuto loopsa kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha VAP pambuyo kuphunzitsa kukonzekera "moyo" HIV.

Common zosiyanasiyana chokhwima pambuyo OPV katemera Katemera poliyo ndipo IPV anali:

• kutentha kuwonjezeka (madigiri mpaka 38) pambuyo inoculation;
• thupi lawo siligwirizana;
• kuphwanya mpando.

Nthawi zambiri, zizindikiro izi amafuna chithandizo chapadera ndipo paokha mu masiku 1-2. Koma ngati madandaulo amenewa nkhawa mwana nthawi yaitali, kapena kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe mtima yaing'ono ayenera kupeza thandizo pangozi. Tiyeneranso yomweyo anatumiza ku chipatala kudziwika zizindikiro monga chifuwa, chimfine mphuno ndi maziko a kutentha, ndi khunyu, ulesi, kusanza, imfa ya nthambi tilinazo.

Kodi ndikufunika katemera ana ndi poliyo?

Izi nkhawa nkhani osati makolo achinyamata, komanso asayansi dziko ndi ofufuza. Kukana kwa katemera idzatsogolera ku mliri zikuluzikulu za matendawa. Tisaiwale kuti zotsatira za poliyo kungakhale akumane kwambiri. Mavuto zambiri za matenda awa: meninjaitisi, nthambi chilema, siyani chitukuko, matenda chapakati mantha dongosolo (kuphatikizapo ziwalo). Komanso, HIV imafalikira ndi m'malovu airborne ndi njira chakudya, njira, kuteteza mwana ku matenda ndi zosatheka. Likukhalira yekha muyeso wa kupewa matenda ndi Katemera, ngakhale ngozi yochepa ya zochita chowawa. Musapereke ndi ku zochitika monga katemera unscheduled ndi poliyo. muyeso otere ikuchitika pongofuna cholinga zopewera matenda.

contraindications

Pamene katemera osavomerezeka? The contraindications chachikulu ndi:

• kapena okhalitsa nthenda mu gawo pachimake;
• zosokonezeka ubongo kuti katemera yapita;
• immunodeficiency;
• mbali yapadera pophika.

Katemera ndi poliomyelitis: katemera malamulo

Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo alipo matendawo pambuyo katemera, komanso bwino za katemera, anyamule ena ayamikira:

• pamaso Katemera ayenera nthawi zonse kukumana kufufuza mankhwala;
• sadya ndi kumwa ola limodzi pamaso ndi ola limodzi pambuyo OPV vaccinations ;
• mwezi pambuyo katemera ali osavomerezeka kuonjezera zolimbitsa thupi kapena kusintha zakudya;
• kuti achotse aliwonse katundu ndi zakudya zotsekemera (unamwino amayi komanso ayenera kuonanso chakudya chawo);
• pambuyo katemera (masabata 1-2) tikulimbikitsidwa kupewa malo ndi woipa lalikulu la anthu.

Kaya katemera mwana ndi poliyo? Funso ili palibe kungoyankha - Mulimonsemo, pali ngozi. Kupanga chisankho, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matenda anati ndi woopsa kwambiri. Zovuta pambuyo m'mnyewa wamtima matenda "chilombo" HIV akhoza kwambiri, mpaka chilema ndi imfa.