Wasayansi Political Mark Urnov: yonena ntchito ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Kwa zaka zoposa makumi awiri, Mark Urnov, mmodzi wa wotchuka ofufuza Russian ndale, wakhala akufufuza dongosolo boma la m'dziko lathu, limaneneratu zochitika ndipo akuchititsa Kafukufuku wa anthu. Zotsatira za ntchito Anakhalanso maziko zosiyanasiyana njira zimene zimakhudza vuto kulenga chikhalidwe makampani ndi maphunziro utsogoleri achinyamata ndi mapangidwe ufulu kuganiza osankhika.

yonena

Mark Urnov anabadwa mu 1944 mu Moscow m'banja la Ammayi ndi sayansi, yomwe ndi chifukwa kubadwa kwa mwana wake kuti achoke la zamasewero. Bambo anga ankagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo pa microscopes elekitironi bungwe chatsekedwa. mwana oyambirirawo anakumana ndi zotsutsana andale a positi-nkhondo Russia. Senior Urnov zambiri anandiuza momwe iwo, Ayuda, oponderezedwa ndipo ena pangozi athamangitsidwe wa oimira anthu osankhidwa kwa Siberia.

Kuyambira ndili mwana Mark Urnov m'gulu anakana ubwino onse a moyo Soviet kuposa ukasintha osiyana ndi banja, monga mayi ake, bambo ndi mchimwene anali odzipereka kumbali ya chikominisi. Mu kukanidwa kwake kwa maganizo a zokomera onse, anali ngati agogo amene anali cadet ndi pafupifupi anathawa ndi Kolchak pa Civil nkhondo.

mapangidwe

Urnov Mark, amene yonena chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchulidwa kwa gawo lino zofunika mu mapangidwe makhalidwe ake ku sukulu ya sekondale iye anaphunzira pa chidwi thupi ndi masamu sukulu. Mwa mpanda wa bungwe izi zachitika zodabwitsa malo aufulu: aphunzitsi anayambitsa Zipatalazo awo ndi katswiri mabuku dziko ndi sanalalikire Marxism. Kusekondale analamulira za mzimu wosafuna kuuzidwa ndi Kumasuka aluntha.

kutsutsana pakati pa malingaliro lamadyerero ndiponso mmene unobstructed kutsutsidwa ndi amabweretsa zimene anakhala Urnov Mark. Iye anapitiriza maphunziro ake pa Moscow State Institute of Relations International (MGIMO), kumene, mawu a wasayansi ndale, iye potsiriza anamvetsa zililidi m'dziko lawo. Pambuyo owolowa manja mzimu wa sekondale, koleji ankaoneka kuti iye "Zoo".

Ngakhale kudana ndi chuma, maphunziro ndi mphamvu ya mayiko Relations Economic ndi nkhani yolembedwa mbuye. Ngakhale munthu amene achinyamata ali ndi chidwi n'kutheka kuti zochitika kulosera, zochokera deta zowerengera.

Zinachitikira kafukufuku sociological

Pa perestroika Mark Urnov woyamba kuchititsa Kafukufuku anthu, kuphatikizapo ndale. Iye anayamba ndi Institute, pamene m'bale wake ntchito. Pamodzi Anadzipereka sayansi kuti wathunthu yochepa mafunso. Zotsatira za anadabwa kwambiri ndi mantha ngakhale pano, pakati osankhika amati dziko lake sanali olekerera kwambiri amene anali kusintha Russia. Anafunsidwa sanamvere ndipo sanaone ufulu kudza, koma mantha m'tsogolo tsogolo demokalase.

Ndi mwambo wake woyamba Urnov Mark Yurevich anapanga mapeto kuti Russia ndiye kuti Sali okonzeka kuti latsopano unit wa anthu ofunika. Kenako anayamba kumvetsa mavuto zoyambirira za m'badwo woyamba wa olekerera - kukhulupirira chozizwitsa. Gorbachev ndi Yeltsin wozindikira kuyembekezera kuti ndi kukanidwa ndi anthu onse kuyambira Union adzauka, palokha kukhala chikumbumtima ndale ndiponso West ndi chikondi adzatsegula zitseko zake tikukonza ndi adzatithandiza boma.

Ndimapanga njira zawo

Pambuyo zinachitikira woyamba wa powafunsa Mark Urnov chidwi kwambiri kudziwa mavuto a anthu Russian. Yerekezerani maganizo a Russia ndi malingaliro a anthu a wotukuka Europe, nthaŵi zina limagwiritsidwa ntchito yachilendo njira amene asonyeza kulephera kwa anthu, kusadalira mphamvu, ndi anthu onse.

Mu nineties yoyambirira choyamba wokhala Kafukufuku mwa maguluwo ndi anthu ena a kalasi olamulira. Ambiri a iwo, ngakhale, chikominisi sindikufuna kuona Soviet Union ndi mayiko amphamvu kachiwiri, koma naively Kukhulupirira mtundu wa zosatheka owolowa manja m'tsogolo. kuzipenya Iwowa kenako maziko kuphunzira zikuluzikulu za chikumbumtima Russian osankhika, amene kwa zaka zambiri unachitikira Urnov Mark Yurevich. Zolemba pankhaniyi amasuliridwa m'zinenero zambirimbiri ndipo bwinobwino lofalitsidwa mu West.

Great kutchuka anabweretsa wasayansi ndale ntchito pa kusanthula moyo ndale komanso a dziko lathu: "Dongosolo la phwando Russia mu zaka 1989-1983: zinachitikira kukhala" (1994), "Gulu la pakati ku Russia: kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe ziyenera" (2000) ndi "Modern Russia: mavuto ndi mayankho "(2005).

Ntchito Research Dipatimenti ya Russian Pulezidenti

Wasayansi anali mlembi wa maphunziro ambiri sociological pa mbali zosiyanasiyana za chowonadi Russian. Ntchito ya gulu anafooka osati ongolankhula yekha. Choncho, pa nthawi ya nkhondo wokonda Yeltsin ndi mphamvu owolowa manja, iye ananeneratu molondola zodabwitsa zochitika wotsatira onse, kuphatikizapo chiyambi cha nkhondo Chechnya.

Mphindi kuneneratu ntchito yake inali yofunika kwambiri. Mu chisankho cha 1996 anakhala miyezi ingapo kufufuza maganizo a anthu. Ngakhale chidwi kwenikweni mu nkoyenera Pulezidenti Yeltsin, iye ananeneratu chigonjetso kwa iye. Anthu tatopa kusintha ndi luso, ndipo izi chinthu - chilakolako kukhalirira - anatsimikizira mwachangu. Zonsezi ndi lolondola cent 2 pa akhoza ndikuganiza Mark Urnov. Russia, mu maganizo ake, sanali okonzeka chinthu chatsopano, ndi zolinga zakale anakwanitsa asiye kusuta. Ndicho chifukwa Zyuganov ndipo anataya ngakhale 25% omwe adzaponye chisanko poyamba.

Kuphunzira mavuto

Kuwonjezera kulosera ndi mfundo ndemanga, odziwika bwino chithunzi pagulu, anali kufufuza maonekedwe a Mabwana Oyang'anira Russian poyerekeza ndi Ngopambana pamwamba mu Japan ndi England. Iye anali ndi chidwi mu mtengo alipo lathu pa atsogoleri a nyumba osiyana mu mabungwe zoweta ndi achilendo.

Mawuwo za mlingo wa chikhalidwe makampani m'dziko lathu athandiza kuumba mfundo za chitsanzo bwino, amene ayenera kumangidwa m'chifanizo cha mtsogoleri wa la Russia. Mark Urnov unachitikira angapo misonkhano ndi misonkhano zoyenera vutoli. Iwo katswiri woyanjana omvera ndi limagwirira ntchito ndi chandamale omvera unachitika zokambirana kukhala utsogoleri luso. Low mlingo wa cadres apamwamba, iye ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene kuchepa kwa moyo chuma cha boma.

Latsopano kutsogolera chitukuko cha osankhika ayenera kukhala ndi kuloŵerera zizoloŵezi lina kumene pali kusiyana lalikulu pakati pa makalasi aluntha. Ife, m'malo mwake, kusiyana pakati pa ophunzira ndi zigawo m'munsi pafupifupi kulibeko. boma la Soviet anawononga osankhika onse, ndi mapangidwe latsopano kumafuna nthawi ndi khama.

A tione zenizeni Russian

Ngakhale mu zaka 69 wasayansi ndale Mark Urnov amakhalabe ndi ophunzira yogwira pokambirana mavuto osiyanasiyana. Pa TV nthawi zonse amaoneka maulosi ake okhudza mmene zinthu zilili ku Russia, ndipo mobwerezabwereza nawo makani televised. Maganizo amadziwika chithunzi oppositional khalidwe, ndi maphunziro ambiri lolunjika pa kuphunzira zimayambitsa Putin a Russia, zochita pulezidenti ndi kusanthula mavuto zotheka njira zamakono za moyo.

Mu kuyankhulana ndi "Pulezidenti Center wa Boris Yeltsin", iye anafotokoza mavuto pulezidenti panopa akhoza mofulumira kupambana chikondi mamiliyoni nzika. Chifukwa Urnov Mark amaona mu mtima wa anthu Russian, amene sanafune kuti atenge katundu wa udindo ndi kudzikonda kumanga chikhalidwe chatsopano ndipo monga mwa nthawi zonse, okondwa kuika GGI m'manja a mtsogoleri wamphamvu. wofufuza wotchedwa zochitika zimenezi syndrome authoritarian. Palibe m'badwo wathu dziko wakula mchikakamizo cha "chitsulo nkhonya." Ndipo kuti ndithane ndi khalidwe si nthawi yomweyo bwino.

Mark Urnov kuonetsetsa kuti kusowa kwa ufulu wa maganizo a anthu athu ndi ZOWONJEZERA timathawa mowa ndi mankhwala ndi chodziwikiratu kuti atsogolere dzikoli kukhala m'tsogolo. vuto ayenera kuthetsa analeredwa moyenera m'badwo watsopano, amene sipadzakhalanso amakhala komanso kugwira ntchito kokha nkhonya mantha.

mawu otchuka

Kwa zaka zingapo Urnov ndi wapampando wa Mapologalamu Analytical Fund. Izo nawo odziwika bwino asayansi Russian ndale. Misonkhano imachitikira ku wozungulira tebulo mtundu, amene mamembala gulu kufotokoza ndiponso kukambirana zimene zikuchitika posachedwapa mu dziko ndi dziko.

Imodzi mwa ntchito yake yotchuka - zolemba pamaphunziro ake digirii pa zotsatira za m'mlengalenga maganizo mu njira ndale m'dziko lapansi. Mu zoyankhulana pa wailesi ndi TV Mark Urnov inati osati kokha mu Russia komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri padziko lonse kukwaniritsa chimene mukufuna a osankhika ndi akugwiritsa ntchito atolankhani. adzaponye chisanko Angathe tsiku ukufalitsidwa akonzedwa zina maganizo, malingaliro, mothandizidwa ndi mmene akumvera mumtima, monga: kudzimva wakutemwa, lingaliro la mgwirizano wa mayiko.

Russian zolakwa anthu katswiri amaona chizolowezi kumvera ndi osati kuchita. Kale kukhala mawonekedwe bwino za chizindikiro cha West mu mawonekedwe a nyama amene akufuna kuyamwa Russia, sangathe kuzitsogolera njira iliyonse zaphindu kunja kwa mavuto a zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko.

moyo

Mark Urnov ali pa banja ndipo ali ndi mwana wamkazi mmodzi. Ngakhale wakewo zosaneneka, wasayansi ndale amaugwiritsanso kwa zosangalatsa. Kotero, iye ali wakhama mu kupalasa njinga, ndi moyo wathanzi, yozizira ngakhale imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza mdzenje.

Urnov Mark ndi wokamba kawirikawiri pa misonkhano m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko. Doctor of Sciences Political ali mphoto zingapo ndipo mabonasi ntchito zawo sayansi. zinamuchitikira lalikulu mawu a kulosera andale, akatswiri sociological iye sichitha popereka kwa achinyamata. Kuwonjezera kuphunzitsa, chaka chilichonse Urnov ndi anzake bungwe misonkhano ndi zokambirana achinyamata. Ilo liri mu maphunziro a ophunzira ndi ufulu-chimango amaona ntchito yake ndi Russia chiyembekezo cha m'tsogolo.