Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya: yonena ndi chithunzi

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya (weniweni dzina - Nefedov) - wotchuka Russian ziboliboli, chifukwa chimene dziko lonse waphunzira za kukhalako kwa mmodzi wa mafuko Mordovian. Nkhani amapereka mwachidule moyo wake ndi ntchito.

Chiyambi cha ziboliboli ndi

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya anabadwa mu chigawo cha Mordovia Ardatov (d. Baevo) October 27, 1876. Makolo ake anali alimi wachokera ku fuko Mordvinian erzya (choncho alias ziboliboli). fuko limeneli zikhulupiriro zachikunja anakakamirabe kukhala zana la 19. Amadziwika kuti Erzya analemekeza moyo wa mitsinje, akasupe ndi miyala ankalambira mitengo wopatulika. Komabe, Stepan yekha anali Orthodox, ndi kale mu mbadwo wa 3.

nthawi maphunziro

The ziboliboli tsogolo anayamba moyo wake pa zaka 14. Pa zaka 10 Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya zikugwira ntchito zamanja zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo akachisi kupenta. Only kubwerera kwa makolo ake Alatyr, kumene anasamukira apo, Stepan anayamba kuchita maitanidwe ake oona. amalonda Local anayamikira chilengedwe chimene iye anachita kwa theatricals a zofufuzafufuza pa ntchito A. S. Pushkina. Iwo anaganiza kusonyeza zithunzi za Stepan Dmitrievich Director wa Stroganov School mu Moscow.

Mu 1901, pafupifupi kukhala Chirasha Erzya anapita kukaphunzira ku Moscow. Nditaphunzira kwa chaka pa Sukulu Stroganov kumene anakaphunzira ku madzulo makalasi zojambula, Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya akhoza kulowa Moscow School of Painting. Pa chaka, Erzya akukonzekera kukhala zojambulajambula, koma kenako kupita ku dipatimenti chosema. Iye anali zosavuta kuphunzira. Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich msanga katswiri pantchitoyo chiyamiko ziboliboli ndi mphatso zachilengedwe. mphunzitsi wake anali S. M. Volnuhin, amene amadziwika monga woyambitsa chipilala Ivanu Fedorovu, Russian upainiya. Stepan ali kugwirizana ndi mphunzitsi wake. Erzya anamuthandiza pambuyo zisinthe. Iye anayamba kudwala Volnukhin kum'mwera, kuyesera kudzampulumutsa. Komabe, mphunzitsi wake anafera m'manja mwake. Zilandiridwenso woimira Impressionism P. P. Trubetskogo analinso ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mapangidwe tsogolo la zosemasema ndi.

Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich sanamalize maphunzirowa. Iye ankaganiza kuti sukulu anali mwakupambana kumene ine ndikanakhoza. Mu 1906 anapita ku Italy. Zinali apa kuti anayamba potsiriza kudzitcha Erzya, kukhulupirira kuti atero dziko kwa anthu ake. Tikumbukenso kuti iye anachita dzina la kale, ndipo nthawizina analembapo dzina Nefedov-Erzya ntchito yake wophunzira.

ntchito ikuchitika Italy

Potengera ntchito za Michelangelo, Erzya anayamba ntchito nsangalabwi. Mu Italy, mwamsanga katswiri luso lofunika. Ziboliboli yachepa zolengedwa awo mu mwala. Iye sanakonzekere chisanadze drafts kapena zina zachidule. Tikumbukenso kuti ambuye angapo ntchito, ntchito njira ya kusema mwachindunji. iwo kawirikawiri anadza ku utumiki wa omuthandizira. Panopa, pali ntchito zambiri Erzya zokhudza nthawi imeneyi. Pakati ziboliboli n'kofunika kuona fano Ioanna Krestitelya. Anali kuchita zimenezi kwa mzinda kachisi wa La Spezia.

Woyamba pikhabuluka

Mu 1909, Stepan Dmitrievich adayamba kupambana kwakukulu. Zinali ndiye mu chitatu Mayiko Exhibition ku Venice Erzya zikuchokera wasonyeza, akuti "Usiku watha kale chilango cha munthu olakwa". Ndi mankhwala a Stepan Dmitrievich anapanga mutapita kwa Moscow- Butyrskaya. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti mu zaka za kafukufuku ndife chidwi moonlighting ziboliboli wojambula zithunzi. Panthawi imeneyi, inetu kuwombera boma, amene anamangidwa, Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich.

Mwachidule yonena za mbuye siyikhuzana womdziwa zambiri ndi ntchito yake. Komabe, tiyenera kunena mawu ochepa za "usiku watha kale chilango cha munthu olakwa", monga ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Stepan Dmitrievich linasonyeza atakhala theka maliseche munthu amene akuyesa kum'pweteka chakuti posachedwa. Mu chithunzi ichi, kufanana kwa ndikuganiza mwini, chimene ndi mmene angapo a ntchito yofunika kwa ife mwini.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti chosema ichi chidwi ndi chionetserocho. Erzya yomweyo zinadziwika osati monga "Russian Rodin." N'zochititsa chidwi kuti atatsala pang'ono chionetsero, zomwe ziziperekedwa kwa iye, chinawonongeka. Stepan Dmitrievich anali kubwezeretsa chosema mu masiku 4 chabe. Panopa, malo ntchito ikuchitika konkire silidziŵika. Pali yekha kuisewera iyo.

Kusamukira ku France

Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya chosema umene panthawi imeneyo anali kale bwino kudziwika kunja, mu 1910 anasamukira ku France. pikhabuluka anali chionetsero zake Munich, Nice ndi Milan. Museum mu Nice ali ntchito yake, anagula, ndipo okhometsa payekha. Mu Paris mu 1913 unachitikira payekha wake woyamba chionetsero Erzya Stepan Dmitrievich. mbiri pa nthawi imeneyi zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha chilengedwe cha mndandanda wa zithunzi sculptural anapanga kuyitanitsa. Izi anapereka kubwerera kwambiri mbuye. Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya, amene ntchito zikufunika kwambiri, analoweza chitsanzo pulasitiki yomweyo. Choncho Anauzanso anaphedwa mwamsanga - zinali zokwanira magawo imodzi kapena ziwiri.

Akazi zithunzi

Stepan Dmitrievich mu 1912 analenga chithunzi cha mkazi wake wokondedwa, Martha. Izi chithunzi sculptural (a wachisomo ndingaliro ya mutu, kwachinsinsi theka kumwetulira), komanso njira yeniyeni mawerengeredwe (contrastly ankawachotsera nkhope, texturally chachikulu kukonzedwa tsitsi) mu ntchito tsogolo la chithunzicho zidzabwerezedwa angapo zithunzi za akazi. Mu "Norway mkazi", analengedwa mu 1914, ziboliboli ndi luso lalikulu zapita boma zovuta maganizo a heroine ndi, si zabwino kwambiri osati akazi achikulire. Iye akuona kuti ngati chimwemwe, kapena mavuto.

Bwererani ku Russia

Erzya mu 1914 anabwerera ku Russia. mnansi wake unali cha ku Switzerland Konenkov, zomwe zinakhudza ntchito zina za mbuye. Stepan Dmitrievich posungira nthawi yoyamba ya padziko lonse, iye anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi Dr. H. O. Suteeva. Erzya anatumikira monga mankhwala mwadongosolo. The dokotala, amene anali pansi pa lamulo la Stepan Dmitrievich, analemba nkhani yake, wodzala ndi Zopatsa zodabwitsa moyo wake kudziko lina. nkhani Kenako lofalitsidwa.

Back kunyumba, ziboliboli analenga ntchito, osati nsangalabwi. Erzya ndi ntchito zipangizo zimene zachilendo easel chosema (simenti, simenti). Komanso, chithunzicho ntchito simenti ndi tchipisi zitsulo. Erzya choyamba ntchito mu mtengo. Izi anali mothandizidwa ndi ubwenzi wake ndi Konenkov, amene anali wotchuka mbuye kulenga ziboliboli matabwa. Kusankha zinthu anakhudzanso zinachitikira ana, amene analandira Stepan Dmitrievich, akutama ntchito za Mordvin ojambula zithunzi wowerengeka, kuchita chosema nkhuni.

A ulendo Urals ndi

Marble nthawi zonse wakhala zakuthupi ankakonda Erzya. Stepan Dmitrievich ngakhale anapita ku mapiri a Ural pofufuza miyala osowa nsangalabwi. ulendo umenewu akunena zapakati pa 1918 ndi 1921. Pa nthawi iyi, ziboliboli anali kupirira mavuto onse aakulu pambuyo chosintha nthawi ndi zotsatira nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

"Hava"

"Hava" - Erzya odziwika ntchito, anapanga mu 1919. kholo m'Baibulo za nsangalabwi chosema. Zikuoneka kuti ife, mu maonekedwe a m'mudzi pyshnoteloy moloduhi, zilizonse ndipo kumbali nthawi yomweyo. Izi chosema ofanana ndi ntchito za ambuye wa Art Nouveau. Anayamba kuchepa kalembedwe izi zikufanana ndi nthawi mapangidwe Erzya n'za.

Nkhondo Itatha

Stepan Dmitrievich mu zaka zoyambirira pambuyo pa nkhondo ankakhala Yekaterinburg ndi Moscow, mzinda wa Batumi Novorossiysk, Baku. Master ankaphunzitsa, iye anali nawo zochitika ndi boma latsopano. Erzya mu 1922 anachita zithunzi za Akaki Tsereteli, Shota Rustaveli, Ilia Chavchavadze. Analenganso ntchito zotsatirazi: "Leda tsekwe," "Mayi", "Kuuluka". Zolengedwa zonse za izi ndi mtengo. Chithunzicho analenga ndi ntchito kukongoletsa kuyitanitsa. Ambiri a iwo sanapulumuke. Mwa awa, tisaiwale chipilala kuti Karl Marx ndi Ufulu Yekaterinburg. Onse a iwo anapangidwa simenti ndi ntchito 1920. Zina mwa ntchito kupulumuka nthawi imeneyi anapereka moona ofooka, monga Nyumba ya mabungwe ku Baku. Amamva kuti Erzya alibe mitundu imeneyi. Monga anachita mutu ndi kugwira la Lenin ndi ziboliboli Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine nthawi zilandiridwenso

Wojambula mu 1925 membala wa Society of Osema Russian. Chaka chotsatira iye anapita ku France ndi kusonyeza, ndiye anasankha kuti abwerere kwawo. Erzya anakakhala Argentina, monga mayiko a ku Ulaya sanafune kuti atenge "wofiira ziboliboli." Choncho anayamba latsopano siteji ana moyo wa wojambula monga Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya.

Argentine nthawi kwambiri ndi m'maganizo kulenga ya mbuye. Stepan Dmitrievich anasamukira ku dziko lino, anakakhala m'nyumba yaing'ono kunja kwa mzinda wa Buenos Aires. Iye erzya zonse anasonyeza mu zisudzo m'dera ntchito zake, lofalitsidwa pa ndalama zake kabuku zambiri za iwo. Nthawi imeneyi, nkhani okha Erzya anali Algarrobo nkhuni ndi quebracho, wophuka yekha mu nkhalango South America. Nkhanizi ndi yovuta kwambiri, kotero adafunsira Stepan Dmitrievich mwakhama ntchito mwakhama. chithunzicho ntchito tinatake tozungulira, ndi tinatake tozungulira, mizu ya mitengo, kulumikiza zidutswa ankafunila ya ulimbo. Mu 1932 iye anachita mutu-chigoba "Mose" (onani chithunzi pamwambapa) Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Argentine nyengo - izo ndi chilengedwe cha zithunzi sculptural wa atate wake ndi amake, "Lva Tolstogo" (1930). Mu 1944, chithunzicho anagwira ntchito "Munthu." Erzya analenganso akonzedwa zithunzi za kukongola wamng'ono.

Homecoming, zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1950, Erzya (Nefedov) Stepan Dmitrievich anabwerera ku USSR. Pamodzi naye m'chombo anafika pafupifupi onse ziboliboli wake (pa 300 ntchito). Komanso, chithunzicho wabweretsa nkhuni Algarrobo ndi quebracho ntchito m'tsogolo. Gulu mu Moscow mu 1954. The payekha chionetsero Erzya wopambana kwambiri.

The ziboliboli anamwalira pa November 27, 1959 mu Saransk panali mbuye chachikulu, chimene chinali ndithudi Stepan Dmitrievich Erzya. Photos anapereka pamwamba manda ake.