Michelangelo: zilandiridwenso ndi yonena

Michelangelo Buonarroti ambiri amaona wotchuka wojambula wa ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Mwa mabuku wotchuka kwambiri - fano "David" ndi "Pieta", ndi frescoes wa Sistine Chapel.

mbuye m'mbuyomu

Michelangelo Buonarroti zilandiridwenso akhoza mwachidule anafotokoza monga chodabwitsa kwambiri pa luso nthawi zonse - choncho anali imawunikidwa ndi moyo, akukhulupirirabe lero. Zingapo za ntchito zake ndi chithunzi, zosemasema ndi zomangamanga ndi pakati wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko. Ngakhale frescoes pa denga la Sistine Chapel ku Vatican, mwina - ntchito wotchuka wa mmisiri, koposa zonse, iye ankaona yekha ziboliboli. Phunziro mitundu yambiri ya luso nthawi yake si zachilendo. Onse anali potengera maonekedwe. Michelangelo ntchito moyo wake wonse nsangalabwi chosema wake ndi njira zina luso si midzidzi. Mkulu mphambu Sistine Chapel china kusonyeza chidwi kuchuluka kuti linaperekedwa kwa pachithunzipa mu XX atumwi. Ndipo mwina chifukwa chakuti ambiri a mfiti anachoka yosatha.

A mbali zotsatira za moyo wa mbiri Michelangelo anakhala kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira yake kuposa wojambula ina ya nthawi. Iye anali woyamba zaluso, amene yonena linasindikizidwa asanafe, analinso ndi awiri. Choyamba ndi mutu wotsiriza wa buku la moyo aluso (1550), zojambulajambula ndi wamanga Dzhordzho Vazari. Inapatulidwa kwa Michelangelo, amene ntchito waperekedwa ngati kukwaniritsidwa kwa ungwiro wa luso. Ngakhale matamando, iye sanakhutire kwenikweni, ndipo analamula wachiwiri wake Ascanio Condivi kulemba osiyana Bukuli (1553) mwina zochokera pa zimene chithunzicho. Iwo Michelangelo a mbuye ntchito chimafotokoza mmene anafunira kuti awonedwe ndi anthu ena. Atamwalira Buonarroti Vazari kusindikiza kwachiwiri (1568) lofalitsidwa Anabweza. Ngakhale kuti asayansi amakonda buku Condivi moyo kufotokoza Vasari, kufunika yotsirizira wonse ndi ziwalo kachiwiri kutulutsidwa mu zinenero zingapo anapanga mankhwala limafotokoza za Michelangelo ndi ojambula zithunzi zina Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Ulemerero Buonarroti analinso ndi chifukwa chopulumutsa zikalata ambiri kuphatikizapo makalata ambirimbiri, essays ndi ndakatulo. Komabe, ngakhale kuchuluka yaikulu chuma anapeza pa nkhani yovutayi nthawi zambiri zodziwika kokha kwa maganizo a Michelangelo.

Mwachidule mbiri ndi ntchito

Zojambulajambula, ziboliboli, mmisiri wake ndi ndakatulo, mmodzi wa ojambula zithunzi wotchuka wa ku Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano atabadwa dzina Mikelandzhelo Di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni March 6, 1475 ku Caprese, Italy. atate wake, Leonardo Di Buonarotti Simoni, mwachidule watumikira monga woweruza milandu m'mudzi waung'ono pamene iye ndi mkazi wake Francheskoy Neri anaonekera wachiwiri mwa ana asanu, ndipo iwo anabwerera Florence kumene Michelangelo anali akadali khanda. Chifukwa matenda mayi a Calvin anatsala ku zisamalire stonemason banja, ngati ziboliboli kwambiri kenako adaseleula motere naye kuti namwino mkaka iye odzipereka nyundo ndi chisel.

Ndithudi, maphunziro ndi osachepera chidwi Michelangelo. amisiri zilandiridwenso mu akachisi oyandikana ndi kubwereza zimene anaona kumeneko, malinga biographers ake oyambirira, chidwi kwambiri. Sukulu Michelangelo bwenzi Francesco Granacci, amene anali zaka zisanu ndi zitatu kundiposa iye, anayambitsa mnzake wa zojambula Domenico Ghirlandaio. The bambo anazindikira kuti mwana wake si chidwi ndi banja ntchito ndalama ndipo anavomera kuti adzalipereka kwa zaka 13, kuphunzira kwa yapamwamba Florence zojambulajambula. Apo iye anadziwa njira ya Zojambula pakhoma.

minda ya Medici

Michelangelo anakhala chaka situdiyo, pamene iye anali ndi mwayi wapadera. Ndi Ghirlandaio ayamikira, anasamukira ku nyumba yachifumu ya Florence wolamulira Lorenzo Zazikulu mwamphamvu woimira banja Medici, phunziro la chosema chakale mu m'minda. Iyo inali nthawi ya chisomo kwa Michelangelo Buonarroti. Wambiri ndi zilandiridwenso aluso wamng'ono sankawabisira ankadziwa osankhika a Florence, ndi luso ziboliboli Bertoldo Di Dzhovanni, olemba ndakatulo otchuka, asayansi ndi humanists a nthawi. Buonarroti komanso chilolezo chapadera kufufuza matupi a mpingo phunziro la thunthu, kuti inali kungasokoneze thanzi lake.

Kuphatikiza zinthu zimenezi maziko a kalembedwe kuzindikira za Michelangelo: molondola minofu ndi Kuzindikira, pamodzi ndi kukongola pafupifupi m'nyimbo. Awiri anasunga chosemacho, "Nkhondo ya Centaurs" ndi "Madonna wa Masitepe", umboni talente yake yapadera pa zaka 16.

kupambana oyambirira ndi chikoka

Kulimbana ndale atamwalira Lorenzo Zazikulu Michelangelo anathawira ku Bologna kumene anapitiriza maphunziro ake. Iye anabwerera ku Florence mu 1495 ndi kuyamba kugwira ntchito ziboliboli, pobwereka kalembedwe kuchokera katswiri wa masiku amakedzana zachikhalidwe.

Pali Mabaibulo angapo nkhani yochititsa chidwi za chosema cha Michelangelo "Cupid" imene chongopeka zaka kotero kuti anafanana ndi zosowa zakale osowa. Baibulo lina limanena kuti wolemba akufuna kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira za patina, malinga ndi ena, luso lake wogulitsa anabisa ntchito pochitika ngati yakale yoyendera.

Cardinal Riario wa San Giorgio anagula "Cupid" poona chosema palokha, ndipo adamfunsa ndalama kumbuyo pamene iye anapeza kuti iye anali atanyengedwa. Pomaliza kunyenga wogula kwambiri ndi luso la Michelangelo, polola wojambula kusunga ndalama. The Cardinal anaitanidwa ku Roma, kumene Buonarroti amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito mpaka imfa yake.

"Pieta" ndi "David"

Pasanapite atasamukira ku Rome mu 1498 ntchito yake zathandizira kadinala wina, Jean de Biler Lagrola, papa ndi nthumwi ya French Mfumu Charles VIII. Michelangelo "Pieta", chimene chimafotokoza Mary atagwira akufa Yesu pamiyendo pake inatha chaka ndi anaikidwa m'kachisi ndi manda a Cardinal. M'lifupi 1.8 m, ndi pafupifupi kutalika chomwecho, fano anagwidwa kasanu mpaka wabweza malo pano mu St. Peter ku Vatican.

Dulani kuchokera pa chidutswa umodzi wa Carrara nsangalabwi ziboliboli flowability minofu nkhani malo ndi "gulu" khungu Pieta (kutanthauza "pepani" kapena "chisoni") analumphira mu mantha woyamba amaonetsa awo. Lero, ndi ntchito amazipanga akulemekezedwa. Michelangelo analilenga pamene anali ndi zaka 25 zokha.

Bakuman ali kuti wolemba, popeza anamva kukambirana za cholinga cha kunena ntchito kuti ziboliboli wina molimba mtima chosema siginecha wake pa tepi pa bere la Mary. Ntchito kokha zake TACHIMATA dzina lake.

Ndi nthawi pamene Michelangelo anabwerera ku Florence, iye anali kale wotchuka. The ziboliboli anapatsidwa chifanizo cha Davide, chimene ndi yapita awiri ziboliboli anayesayesa kuchita, natembenukira chidutswa-mita asanu chimodzi chithunzi lalikulu. Mphamvu ya tendons ndi, usiwa osatetezeka, anthu ndi mawu wamba kulimba mtima kuti "David" chizindikiro cha Florence.

Art ndi zomangamanga

Otsatidwa ndi malamulo ena, kuphatikizapo ntchito wofuna malo a manda ya Papa Julius II, koma ntchito ankafunika pamene Michelangelo anali kutipempha kusamukira ku chosema kwa zojambula azikongoletsa denga la Sistine Chapel.

polojekiti inayambitsa ndingaliro ya chithunzicho, ndi dongosolo lapachiyambi la kulemba atumwi 12 inasanduka zidutswa zoposa 300. Kenako ntchito kwathunthu kuchotsedwa chifukwa cha nkhungu mu pulasitala, ndipo anabwezeretsedwa. Buonarroti zipolopolo othandizira onse amene ankaona yawo, ndipo anamaliza utoto 65 mita denga lokha, maola wosatha atagona pa nsana wake, ndi nsanje asunga ntchito yake mpaka anamaliza October 31, 1512

Luso chilengedwe cha Michelangelo akhoza mwachidule anafotokoza motere. Ichi ndi pa-malire chitsanzo cha mkulu Kubadwa Kwatsopano luso, womwenso zizindikiro Mkhristu, maulosi, ndi mfundo anthu, ankawaviika mbuye pa unyamata wake. vignettes omveka pa denga la Sistine Chapel kutulutsa kaleidoscope kwenikweni. Chithunzi kwambiri wodziwika ndi zikuchokera "chilengedwe cha Adamu" chosonyeza Mulungu, kukhudza chala kwa munthu. Roman wojambula Raphael, zikuoneka anasintha kalembedwe wake ataona ntchito imeneyi.

yonena Michelangelo ndi zinthu zomwe nthawizonse kukhalabe kugwirizana ndi chosema ndi zojambula, chifukwa yaikulu mwakuthupi pa kupenta a m'tchalitchi anakakamizika chisamaliro chake pa zomangamanga.

Master anapitiliza kugwira ntchito pa manda a Julius II mu zaka zingapo zotsatira. Iye cholinga cha yopemphereramo wa Medici ndi Laurentsina laibulale, ili pandunji pa tchalitchi cha San Lorenzo ku Florence, umene ukuyenera kukhala mu nyumba ya laibulale Medici. nyumba izi amaonedwa kukhala inasintha mbiri ya zomangamanga. Koma Michelangelo ndi yokoma ulemerero m'dera iyi inali ntchito ya mkulu wa mmisiri wa tchalitchi cha St. Peter mu 1546.

conflictual

Michelangelo anayambitsa kuuluka "Last Chiweruzo" pa kutali mpanda wa Sistine Chapel mu 1541 yomweyo anamva mawu kumusonyeza - nudes anali kunja kwa malo malo wopatulika, kuyitana anali kuti awononge yaikulu Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano Zojambula pakhoma. wojambula anayankha, nalowa zithunzi watsopano zikuchokera: wotsutsa wake wamkulu mu mawonekedwe a mdierekezi iye mwini monga St Bartholomew chikopa.

Ngakhale kulankhulana ndi kuteteza anthu olemera ndi amphamvu Italy, amene wapereka maganizo apamwamba ndi talente mabuku moyo Michelangelo ndi ntchito za mbuye linadzaza ndi adani. Iye anali cocky komanso wachiwawa mtima kuti kaŵirikaŵiri kwachititsa mikangano mu Vol. H. Ndipo ogula. Zimenezi anam'bweretsera vuto, koma analenga tanthauzo wosakhutira - wojambula kufunafuna ungwiro ndipo sanathe kugonja.

Nthawi zina anali kupsa wozingwa, asiya kuda ambiri ntchito zake zolembalemba. Michelangelo analemba kuti adali ndi chisoni chachikulu ndi mabuku amene alibe anzake, ndipo iwo safuna iye, ndipo iye analibe nthawi yokwanira kudya mokwanira, koma zovuta zimenezi kubweretsa chimwemwe.

Mu unyamata wake, Michelangelo akukunyodolani kuphunzira bwanawe ndipo ali pamphuno, zomwe maonekedwe owonongeka iye moyo. Kwa zaka zambiri, anthu ambiri wotopa kukula kwa utumiki wake, mu imodzi mwa ndakatulo wake ananena yaikulu kugwira ntchito, anayenera kusankha kujambula denga la Sistine Chapel. ndewu ndale Florence wake wokondedwa komanso anam'soŵetsa, koma lodziwika kwambiri la mdani wake anali Florence wojambula Leonardo da Vinci, amene anali mkulu wake zaka 20.

Zomwe analemba ndi moyo payekha

Michelangelo, amene ntchito anasonyeza chosema wake, kupenta ndi zomangamanga, chinkhoswe ndakatulo mu zaka okhwima.

Sanakwatirepo Buonarroti zoyenera achipembedzo chabwino wamasiye dzina lake Vittoria Colonna - anatumiza oposa 300 a ndakatulo wake ndi sonnets. ubwenzi wawo wapereka anatithandiza kwambiri kuti imfa ya Michelangelo mizati mu 1547 Mu 1532-mamita mbuye anamukwiyira wochezeka ndi fuko lomveka wamng'ono Tommaso de'Kavaleri. Azambiriyakale akadali kukangana ngati ubale wawo anali amuna kapena anawamvera mmene tate.

Imfa komanso zotsatira

Pambuyo matenda lalifupi, February 18, 1564 - masabata pang'ono kubadwa kwake 89th - Michelangelo anamwalira kunyumba kwake ku Rome. thupi mphwake anasamukira ku Florence, kumene iye ankawaona kuti ndi "tate ndi mbuye zaluso zonse," ndipo anaikidwa m'manda mu tchalitchi di Santa Croce - kumene adalamulira ziboliboli.

Mosiyana ndi ojambula zithunzi zambiri, ntchito ya Michelangelo wabweretsa iye kutchuka ndi chuma pa moyo wake. Iye analinso mwayi zokwanira onani buku la biographies awiri a olemba ake Dzhordzho Vazari ndi Ascanio Condivi. Mkulu mphambu Buonarroti luso kale, ndipo dzina lake anakhala n'chimodzimodzi ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano Italy.

Michelangelo mbali zilandiridwenso

Mosiyana ndi yotchuka kwambiri ya chithunzicho, zimakhudza awo zithunzi pa luso panthawi ina zochepa. Izi simungathe kuzifotokoza ndi sankafuna kutengera ntchito za Michelangelo chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake monga talente yake ofanana Raphael anatsanzira zambiri. N'zotheka kuti winawake, pafupifupi dziko lonse mtundu akuti Buonarroti, amalowerera malamulo. Zitsanzo za buku pafupifupi chabe. The luso kwambiri chinali wojambula Daniele da Volterra. Komabe, zinthu zina zokhudza zinthu pa luso Michelangelo anapeza yotsatira. M'zaka za m'ma XVII. iye ankaona zabwino zojambula anatomical, koma zochepa Kutamandidwa zinthu onse a ntchito yake. Mannerists ntchito psinjika ake okhudza malo ndi kupotoza zikhoza ziboliboli wake "Kupambana". Mwini m'ma XIX. Ogyust Roden ntchito zotsatira yosatha nsangalabwi atilakwira. Ena ambuye a m'zaka za zana XVII. Baroque kukopera izo, koma kuti achotse kufanana weniweni. Komanso, Gian Lorenzo Bernini ndi Peter Paulo Rubens bwino anatisonyeza mmene ntchito ntchito Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti tsogolo mibadwo ya Osema ndi ojambula zithunzi.