Bee Larva: kakulidwe siteji kuti wamkulu, kudyetsa makhalidwe ndi mfundo zosangalatsa

Chitukuko cha njuchi, drone, ndipo chiberekero lagawidwa embryonic ndi postembryonic ndipo imakhala magawo angapo: dzira, larva, Prepupa, chidole. Embryonic nthawi akuyamba ku nthawi za umuna ndipo ndi ndondomeko ya mapangidwe zovuta zolengedwa multicellular dzira - larva. Postnatal siteji - ndiyo njira ya kusinthika larva mu wamkulu. Mwa njira, mphutsi za njuchi, njuchi achinyamata malo owetera aliyense wotchedwa "Detva".

Kapangidwe ka mphutsi za njuchi

Bee larva ali ndi dongosolo losavuta: mutu waung'ono ndi woyera nyongolotsi-ngati thupi wopangidwa mwa zigawo m'mimba ndi thoracic. Chipolopolo kunja ndi ataphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza zonyalazo chitinous. Zina ziwalo (mofanana mu wamkulu, koma zochepa olemera) amasewera yofunika intestine, khoma kutsogolo kwa omwe amaperekedwa mu mawonekedwe a yochepa chubu ndi minofu. kuchepetsa awo akulola larva njuchi woyamwa chakudya madzi. Pamodzi midgut, amene ali ndi mbali yabwino ya thupi, kutambasula ziwalo excretory - 4 Malpighian chotengera. Hindgut yodziwika ndi mawonekedwe n'njokhota ndi chotulukira kumapeto. Zilibe kupeza chakudya zotsala ngati pakati ndi zapambuyo intestine pakati pa iwo ndi kuwauza. Amakulitsa magulu limapezeka kumapeto kwa sitepe anafotokoza. Mtima mphutsi m'dera dorsal ndipo imakhala maselo 12, pomwe wamkulu tizilombo 5. ziwalo zawo kupuma amafalitsidwa padziko thunthu torso tracheal ndi nthambi angapo. Kwambiri anayamba mafuta wosanjikiza amapanga okwana thupi pafupifupi 60-65%. ziwalo kugonana ndi mantha dongosolo ndi mu Chiyambi chake; maso ndi ziwalo olfactory ali kwina. Pa mlomo wa mmunsi oyenerera lotseguka kupota England. Iwo amapanga zinthu zimene larva amanena penti.

Amapanga mimba mapeto: ndizosowa njira

Pakati pa intestine ndi thumba losunga mazira ali dorsal chotengera. Mphutsi za njuchi akugwira ntchito ndi mayi ofanana chiwerengero cha machubu dzira. Pa predkukolnoy ndi gawo zidole ziwalo larval ndi minofu kuwonongeka. Komanso kufota masikono dzira, imene wamkulu ndi za 5 zidutswa. Pa masterbatch mphutsi mapangidwe yamchiberekero apitirira mu sitepe chidole. Mapangidwe ambiri tubules dzira larva ndi biologically zofunika: mu nkhani ya imfa ya mphutsi mayi njuchi ndi kubwerera kwa kubweretsa "fistulous" chiberekero. Izi chodabwitsa zachilengedwe magwero a yokumba achire mfumukazi njuchi.

Kukula kwa mphutsi wa njuchi

Kamodzi mphutsi anatuluka mazira, nthawi yomweyo limagwa pansi mchipinda ndipo m'manja osamalira akulu, nthawi yomweyo anayamba mwakhama zakarmlivat "mwana." Njuchi namwino anagona pansi pa khungu wambirimbiri zakudya achifumu (nthawi 5 kulemera kwa mphutsi za) opangidwa ku zopangitsa za pharyngeal ndi kukhala mtengo wapatali zakudya. Odzola mphutsi lili mafuta, chakudya, mapuloteni, mchere, vitamini B. Larva, kuchita rotational zonse, kutsegula ndi kutseka thunthu kayendedwe, nthawi zonse amadya kukolola katundu ndi kukula pamaso pathu pomwe.

The nyengo ya kukula yogwira ndi kusalankhula chilakolako

Ngati "wakhanda" chitsanzo masekeli 0.1 mg wa ndi kutalika 1.6 mm, ndiye tsiku iye akhoza kukula ndi 1 mm. Patapita masiku awiri, kutalika kwake ndi oposa 6 mm. Ponena za kulemera: patapita masiku 5 kuchokera tsiku la kubadwa kwa chithunzi ake kuposa nthawi koyamba 1400-1500. Chotero kusalankhula kunenepa ali m'pabwino: mu thupi la mphutsi za kudzikundikira kuchuluka yaikulu zakudya kuti ali mu nthawi ya malo, pamene mphamvu palibe. Kuchokera tsiku lachitatu chakudya choyenera kwambiri osiyanasiyana ndipo Polemeretsedwa phala mungu ndi uchi. Kuwonjezera zakudya m'badwo wamng'ono, namwino njuchi zonse kukula miniti iliyonse ulendo mphutsi. Mphambu chiwerengero cha maulendo pa nthawi yonse ya siteji larval masauzande ambirimbiri.

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti njuchi zimatulutsa mphutsi. chochitika ichi ndi chifukwa matenda (sacculated ana European foulbrood, askosferoz ndi ena), njuchi njuchi anakantha kapena zimenezi kuti malangizo chizindikiro kachulukidwe. Kungoganiza kuti chakudya konse sikokwanira, njuchi kuchotsa kukamwa owonjezera kudyetsa. amasulidwe mphutsi zingachitikenso chifukwa cha njala.

Molting: masiteji

Kukula mofulumira mphutsi si bwanji kukula kwa malaya ake akunja - chipolopolo, chomwe chiri akutambasula ochepa. Atangomva yamasika amakhala ochepa, njuchi larva, dzina mwa alimi zikumveka ngati "Detva", nthawi yomweyo akusintha ambiri, logwirizana ndi miyeso, n'kusiya anataya odezhku mchipindamo. Pa kukula ndi chitukuko cha mphutsi molt amapezeka 4, aliyense amene kumatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi. Pofika tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi cha njuchi larva ukuwonjezeka kotero okuta selo kwathunthu. Pankhaniyi, ndi mphutsi ndi thupi lake palibe kusintha kwakukulu chikuchitika. Nthawi yoyamba tizilombo molting pambuyo maola 12-18 atabadwa. Kusintha chipolopolo chachiwiri pambuyo maola 36. Kachitatu chobvala ndi kusinthidwa pambuyo maola 60 kuchokera pamene kuswa, ndi wotsiriza - pambuyo maola 78-89.

Predkukolnaya siteji mphutsi

Ndiye njuchi larva amalowa predkukolnuyu sitepe. Bee zisindikizo izo - anatambasula pamodzi kutalika kwa chipinda ndipo anakonza mutu ukutsegulira, -vozduhopronitsaemoy porous chivindikiro, wopangidwa mwa 2% ya madzi, 46% kuwala bulauni misa mungu mu kapangidwe ndi 58% phula. Losindikizidwa tizilombo yomweyo anamasulidwa chakudya zinyalala anasonkhanitsa ndi psinjika a linga m'mimba ndi kumbuyo kusiyana gawo. Izi mbali imodzi ya kutaya excreta pokhapokha kudya kumathandiza kuti kusungitsa chiyero chofunika kwa mng'oma, ndi kuteteza chakudya chifukwa kuipitsidwa.

Kukonzekera kusinthika mu pupa ndi

Kamodzi mphutsi njuchi uchi anamasulidwa ku zatsalira undigested chakudya, nthawi yomweyo anayamba sapota penti, kuti ndi kuluka chinsinsi sangathenso zopangitsa wa M'mimbamo mkati mwa selo. The larva wa njuchi ntchito ngati ntchito udindo sadya; uterine munthu mabasi chakudya ndi kutitengera chikhungwa ndi kutsegula kwa pansi pa khungu. Iwo anali kuchokera larva njuchi akudyetsedwa achifumu odzola pa ntchito. Gulugufe ntchito mipata mphutsi alibe. Mu njuchi tsogolo siteji larval masiku 6, drone - masiku 7, chiberekero - masiku 5.

Wina molt ndi larva uchi njuchi akukumana kukhala mu khungwa. Komabe, tsopano ndondomeko zimenezi zikufanana ndi za m'mbuyomo: a padziko thupi ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa madzimadzi wapadera umene umalimbikitsa kulekana wakale ndi watsopano-anapanga cuticle. Pa moulting otsiriza amapezeka kunja kutambasuka kwa zokhudzana mbalizo kuti poyamba pa mbali lamkati la chipolopolo thupi, ndi mapangidwe mwapang'onopang'ono thupi akunja. Mu njira iyi, njuchi munthu amakonzekera kusinthika mu pupa. Dokukolnaya nthawiyi mphutsi njuchi ndi amayi amatenga masiku 2 drone - 2 nthawi yaitali.

Mapangidwe a tizilombo wamkulu

Akuthamanga dokukolnoy sitepe pang'onopang'ono atatembenuzidwa wopanda mawonekedwe mu tizilombo wamkulu: kupanga pamimba, gawo pachifuwa ndi mutu, amene akopa mlongoti mouthparts ndi maso yosavuta pawiri. Nthiti gawo aumbike miyendo mbalizo ndi mitundu iwiri iwiri ya mapiko. Pa pamimba kumawonjezera dorsal mphete - tergites. M'mimba theka mphete - sternites kuphimba mmunsi mwa pamimba ndi kulumikizana wina ndi mzake ndi woonda tergites plenochkoj. Thupi mafuta ndi yokhudza ufiti yafupika, chifukwa ndi mapeto a mphamvu ndi ndiyekhayo mphamvu yosintha ziwalo larval.

Zakudya nkhokwe zimene anapeza mu thupi kwa nthawi lochita kudya, pang'onopang'ono lili matupi m'tsogolo. Popita kumeneko kusintha mtundu thupi ku chikasu kuwala kwa wofiirira kudzera zakuda kapena zofiirira. ankaudaya ndondomeko akuyamba ndi maso, akupita kwa mutu, chifuwa ndi gawo pamimba.

Chomaliza gawo mphutsi

Chomaliza chitukuko cha mphutsi ndi chidole - ofanana mu maonekedwe ndi tizilombo wamkulu, yekha ndi mtundu woyera. Kukhala mu mkhalidwe lopuma, opanda mphamvu, ndi tizilombo akutulukira likufa kusintha kwakukulu: ena matupi kutha kwathunthu, ena pang'ono. Kamodzi ndondomeko uno ukatha - chidole inasanduka chiberekero ntchito, kapena drone njuchi, nsagwada chapamwamba izo peregryzet kapu ndi kunja kwa chipindacho.

Young chiberekero kuti apeze thandizo kunja kwa ntchito njuchi; iwo anadya iwo pamwamba Gulugufe, kotero kuti amakhala ndi imvi woyera. Ichi ndi chifukwa chovala mtundu, mukhoza kudziwa selo zimaswa mfumukazi yatsopano. Onse moyo mkombero kwa dzira kuti tizilombo wamkulu kumatenga masiku 21 kuchokera njuchi akugwira ntchito masiku 16 mu chiberekero, ndi masiku 24 pa drone lapansi. Pa chitukuko Mkhalidwe wa mamembala onse a banja njuchi mu chisa ayenera kukhala kutentha zonse + 34-35 ^{° C,} komanso katundu okwanira chakudya ndi chiwerengero cha namwino njuchi.