Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Wambiri

M'nkhaniyi, ife angakuuzeni mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo wa Mozart. Wolemba lino lakhala nthano woona. Iye anabadwa mu 1756, 27 January, mu mzinda wa Salzburg. Pa moyo yochepayi wolemba anatha kulemba zambiri nyimbo, masewero a, nthetemya, sonatas (oposa 600 zinthu zosiyanasiyana). zilandiridwenso Mozart lilidi m'zigawozigawo ndi danga. Mwa aliyense wa Mitundu nyimbo limene ntchito, iye anatha Mokhumbira kale lonse. Contemporary Wolemba kuti iye mwaluso katswiri zida zingapo, ndipo anali ndi kukumbukira zosaneneka ndi makutu wangwiro. Komabe, si mapeto a mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo wa Mozart. Tasankhula, m'malingaliro athu, chidwi kwambiri a iwo, ndipo akupempheni kuti kudziwa zina za mbiri ya namatetule izi.

Inde zoimbira za Mozart banja

Banja lonse la wolemba kwambiri anali wanzeru kuimba. Mwachitsanzo, bambo ake, Leopold, ankaimba limba ndi zeze, komanso anali ngati Wolemba pa bwalo la Bishopu wamkulu wa Salzburg, anatsogolera kwaya. Iye analemba bukhu pa zeze, amene ankaona pa nthawi imodzi mwa mabuku abwino kwambiri chida ichi.

Munthu uyu anaika kukonda nyimbo ndi ana awo: mwana wamwamuna, amene anayamba kuimba harpsichord ndi zaka zitatu, ndipo kenako katswiri wina limba ndi zeze, ndi mwana wake, amenenso ndi masewera kwambiri pa harpsichord ndi limba.

Wa ana asanu ndi awiri, awiri okha anapulumuka mu banja Mozart, Wolfgang ndi mlongo wake wamkulu.

wamng'ono namatetule

A bwenzi banja, Shahtner Johann Andreas, Salzburg bwalo lipenga, idapereka otsatirawa, omwe muyenera ndithudi m'gulu la nkhani yathu pa "mfundo The chidwi ndi moyo wa Mozart." Kamodzi Leopold Mozart ndi Shahtnerom anabwera kunyumba ndipo anaona wamng'ono Wolfgang (amene anali ndi zaka 4) analemba chinachake pa pepala nyimbo. Mwana choviikidwa mu inki, osati mthenga, komanso zala. Mozart Jr. anauza akulu amene analemba zoimbaimba. The bambo anatenga bii pepala zinawafutapo nalira - kotero chirichonse chinali molongosoka ntchito yake.

Mozart ndi Bach

Pamene mnyamata zaka pafupifupi 8 zaka, luntha lake akutama Johann Mkhristu Bach, amene anali mwana wa wotchuka Johann Sebastian Bach. Kangapo iwo achita pamodzi pagulu: Bach anabzala mwapang'ono pang'ono pa maondo ake ndi ankaimba sonata pa harpsichord naye. Bach ankaimba mipiringidzo ochepa, pang'ono - Mozart. Zinaoneka kuti mphamvu chida ndi woimba - kotero zonse zinkamveka awiriwa. Akatswiri ojambula ankaimba manja zinayi ndipo analankhula kwambiri za nyimbo.

Kulankhula pa Lenti

Wolfgang mwana ankakonda kupita kumayiko ena. maulendo amenewa anakonza awisi kuti mwana wake anapereka zoimbaimba anthu, kumvetsera oimba wotchuka ndipo anaphunzira zinthu zatsopano. Mu Netherlands, ndi limodzi mwa mayiko kumene iwo akhala, kutiletsa pa ankasala kudya nyimbo. Komabe, Mozart anapanga zosiyana. Atsogoleri achipembedzo anaona talente yake mphatso yochokera kwa Mulungu.

Opera kwa Mfumu

Joseph II wa, mfumu ya Aroma, analamula Mozart zikuluzikulu, pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka 12 zokha. Iwo ankatchedwa "kungoganiza simpleton" ndipo anaikonza kuti kampani Italy. Young Wolemba ali anapeka ntchito mu masabata ochepa chabe. Oimba Komabe, kodi izo, kotero Primiero za zisudzo sizinachitike.

Wolemba ndi anthu osema miyala

mfundo chidwi ndi moyo wa Mozart ogwirizana osati ndi ntchito yake nyimbo. Munthu uyu Mwachitsanzo, anakhala Mason, ndipo ngakhale anabweretsa bokosi la atate wake. Wolemba analemba nyimbo kwa chiwerengero cha miyambo Masonic, ngakhale sewero la wotchuka wotchedwa "The Magic chitoliro" ndiwo mutu wa gululi.

Mozart ndi Salieri

Pamene ngwazi za nkhani zathu ngakhale kuganiza kuti kuwatonza Salieri. Iye anauza mnzakeyo kuti anapanga chinthu choterocho kwa harpsichord, amene sangathe kuchita munthu mmodzi mu dziko, kupatula Mozart. Salieri anayang'ana zolemba, ananena kuti woimba wamng'ono, nawonso kuchita, chifukwa manja onse ayenera kuchita ndime ovuta kwambiri, ndipo pambali, pa malekezero osiyana kiyibodi. Pa nthawi yomweyo muyenera kutenga zolemba pang'ono pakati. Ngati ngakhale kusewera phazi, olembedwa akadali sangathe kukwaniritsa, chifukwa anthufe kwambiri kudya lochita. pikulu, Mozart anaseka. Iye anakhala pansi pa limba ndi kuchita ntchito ili ndendende monga mmene Werengani. A zolemba zovuta mphuno unatengedwa!

Constance, mkazi wa Mozart

Mumapezera zilandiridwenso anu malipiro abwino Komabe, Mozart, amene yonena nthawi zina zowoneka zodabwitsa, nthawi zambiri anakakamizika kubwereka ndalama mabwenzi. Mwachitsanzo, analandira mabuku zikwi guilders (a ndalama lowoneka masiku amenewo) kuti ntchito ku konsati, anakhala ndalama mu masabata awiri. Bwenzi la Mozart, wolemba amene anayesera kuti atenge, anaona ndi anadabwa kuti namatetule nyimbo palibe makola, palibe loko, palibe ana ndikuziunjika kapena mistresses mtengo. "N'chifukwa chiyani mukufuna ndalama?" - adafunsa. Mozart anayankha kuti chifukwa ali Constantia, mkazi. "Izo - gulu langa la akavalo thoroughbred, kulinga wanga, gulu langa la ana, wokonda wanga," - anati wolemba.

konsati zovuta

Mozart, amene mbiri, komanso geeks onse kuyambira ubwana zinali zodzaza ndi umboni kwa munthu waluso lapadera, analemba konsati yake yoyamba mu zaka zinayi. Iyo inali ntchito harpsichord. Zinali zovuta kuti virtuosos European izo ankadabwa nthawi kukwaniritsa aliyense. Pamene bambo anatenga mnyamata akadali mbiri yosatha, kutchula chakuti, mu maganizo ake, sikutheka kusewera konsati kovuta, Mozart ananena kuti zopusazo onse. Ndipotu, ngakhale mwana akhoza kuchita izo. Iye Mwachitsanzo.

Mozart amaseweretsa mphaka

onse ali mwana wa namatetule wamng'ono anali bwinobwino kuimba ndi zisudzo. M'madera osiyanasiyana a ku Ulaya pa zoimbaimba ambiri prodigy anachereza omvera kuchokera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi: iye ankasewera ndi watseka maso ake pa clavier lapansi. Bambo Pankhaniyi anaphimba nkhope mwanayo ndi kampango. Iye Anatseka ndi kiyibodi, koma inde uja kupirira masewera. zilandiridwenso Mozart pa onse abwino. Pa siteji pa konsati wa Wolemba itachoka mphaka. Ndiye Mozart anasiya kusewera ndi anathamangira kwa iye ndi changu chonse. Ndikuiwala omvera, anayamba kusewera ndi nyama. Pa kulira kwa mnyamata namatetule bambo iye anayankha kuti harpsichord Ndipotu akadali Sakanapita kwina, ndi mphaka tsopano wapita.

Nkhani ya Marie Antoinette

Patapita Mozart pang'ono (Wolemba, zomwe ife anafotokoza) chinapangidwa mu nyumba yachifumu lachifumu, Marie Antoinette, ndi duchess achinyamata, anaganiza kuti amuonetse nyumba yake yapamwamba. Mnyamata wina wa zipinda anagwa, amalowetsa pansi. Ndiye Duchess anathandiza Mozart kuti adzauka. Iye anaona kuti Duchess okoma mtima. "Ine ndikuganiza ine ndikuti kukukwatira," - anati woyimba. Iye anauza izi kwa amake. Mfumukazi anafunsa ndi kumwetulira pang'ono "mkwatibwi" N'chifukwa chake ananena choncho. Mozart anayankha, "Kuchokera woyamikira."

msonkhano Mozart ndi Goethe

Wina wazaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri Mozart anapereka ku Frankfurt zoimbaimba. Kwa iye pambuyo mawu anayandikira mnyamata 14 wazaka. Iye anayamikira ntchito yake, kuti iye sanali kuphunzira luso limeneli nthawi, chifukwa n'kovuta kwambiri. The Wolfgang wamng'ono anadabwa ndipo adamfunsa iye anayesa kulemba. The interviewee kuti ayi, chifukwa iye yekha mavesi kubwera ku malingaliro. Ndiye Mozart anayankha kuti: "Mwina, n'kovuta kwambiri kulemba ndakatulo?" Mnyamatayo anayankha kuti M'malo mwake, mosavuta. Bwenzi Mozart anapambutsa Goethe.

Chifukwa imfa wolemba a

Kufikira tsopano, nkhani maganizo ndi chifukwa cha imfa ya Wolemba chachikulu ichi. The lipoti zachipatala ananena kuti anafa enaake ophwanya malungo Wolfgang, amene akhoza kusokoneza pachimake aimpso kapena mtima kulephera. Komabe, ena otsutsa kukhulupirira kuti pomudyetsanso poizoni Antonio Salieri, mpikisano wake. Koma chifukwa kukhulupirira kuti anthu awiriwa anali kudana, si kwenikweni kwambiri. Mu 1997, ngakhale kuti, zaka 200 pambuyo pa imfa ya Wolfgang, Milan adzawononga Salieri. Akatswiri a oyimba awiri, ndi madokotala akhala akumveka ndi woweruza, kenako linagamula kuti Salieri sanali wolakwa imfa wotchuka Wolemba a.

Monga Mozart anaikidwa m'manda?

Wolemba ngakhale ubwino onse, ndi talente kwambiri anaikidwa m'manda ngati opemphetsa wina. Mozart zotsalira anaikidwa mu manda pamodzi ndi mabokosi ena angapo. Iwo akadali osadziwika malo enieni a manda. Gravestones ndi mbale nthawi choperekedwa makoma kumanda, osati pa manda. Tsiku la mwambo ku manda Wolemba anzake sanabwere. Sindinathe kunena tiwonana mwamuna wake ndi mkazi wamasiye wodwala Mozart. Kusanachitike chipata cha mzindawo, alendo anakhala Wolemba kwambiri, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

Chidwi mfundo ku moyo wa munthu uyu sikuthetsa kumeneko. Iwo anali kumeneko ndithu kwambiri. Ena a iwo akhala tingati pamene ena theka-lodziwika bwino khalidwe. Chidwi za Mozart ndi chidwi osati kwa oimba akatswiri ndi admirers ntchito zake. Geniuses nthawi kucheza ndi anthu chidwi. moyo Mozart anali sakhalitsa. Iye anabadwa mu 1756 ndipo anamwalira mu 1791, mwachitsanzo pa zaka 35. Koma nthawi iyi anatha kulenga kwambiri ntchito namatetule wosafa kwambiri opulumuka a mwini, chimene ndi Mozart. Limba, zeze, clarinet, chitoliro - chifukwa zida zonse izi Wolemba analenga ntchito zambiri zimene zimagwiridwa ndi nsangala analandira mwa anthu lero.