Chithandizo cha tulo. hypnotics

Chamoyo chilichonse moyo zimakhudza kaimbidwe circadian. Makamaka circadian malingana m`nyumba ya kusintha kwa maso kugona ndi kumbuyo. Pafupifupi njira zonse zokhudza thupi amakhudzidwa ndi periodicity izi. M'chigawo akudzuka wa munthu zikugwira ntchito mogwirizana yogwira ndi dzikoli. Mwana, mogwirizana izi sasiya, koma anayambitsanso chiwerengero kusiyana.

The peculiarity wa tulo yachibadwa thupi ndi kuti chikuchitika mosamalitsa pa siteji ena. A munthu wathanzi tulo, kudutsa siteji A, kapena "omasuka maso." Atafa gawo B, ndi zobisika nthawi ya kugona, yodziwika ndi backfilling ndipo kwambiri kungotengeka bedi. Kuyendera C, ogonawo munthu alibe anachita zikuchitika ofooka. Gawo D amakhala ndi kugona amtengo kwambiri. Tulo siteji limafanana E. atuluka siteji wapadera pamaso kudzutsidwa. Iye zina limodzi ndi magulu mofulumira diso zilikuchitika, pali atony winayo minofu striated.

Chosokoneza tulo otaya ndi chidwi kungasokoneze wonse thupi, maganizo boma. Pamaso mankhwala nthaŵi yaitali ntchito kulenga wothandizila zachinyengo kuti amatha osati chifukwa kugona, komanso kupereka kwathunthu njira thupi.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba vuto wakhala chidani pakati pa asayansi za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Hypnotics anayamba mbiri yake mu kupanga mankhwala chloral hydrate. Komanso anapereka kukonzekera kugona ndi zotsatira zofiira. Maloto chifukwa cha hydrate chloral, pafupi mu makhalidwe ake kuti thupi la, nthawi yake anafika pakati pa maola asanu ndi atatu. Koma ntchito yake anachititsa zotsatira akutivutitsa pa khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous, pali kumwa mankhwala. Kuchepetsa phindu la hydrate chloral chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zam'mbali kwachititsa chakuti mankhwala ali tsopano monga zachinyengo si ntchito.

A yojambula kwambiri ndi kufunafuna kuchitapo kanthu zachinyengo anali kuoneka mu 1902 mankhwala ndi ena ofanana asidi barbituric. Pakuti zinthu zimenezi, German sayansi E. Fischer analandira Nobel Prize. Koma mu nkhani iyi, mphamvu ya amene anali ogonetsa latsopano, anali chodetsedwa ndi chiwerengero cha mavuto. Kugwiritsa barbiturates anatsogolera chakuti m'mawa panalibe mphamvu ya kukondwera ndi kutsitsimuka, nthawi zina anaonekera zonyozeka chonse kutopa, chifukwa chakuti utachepa ntchito, akuchuluka wa maganizo.

The zaka zao za sikisite zaka mazana makumi awiri anapereka dziko gulu latsopano mankhwala - zotumphukira wa benzodiazepines. Zikuphatikizapo "ntchito diazepam", "Hlordiadepoksid", "Phenazepam" ndi ena. Zinthu izi osati ndi zotsatira sedative, komanso amachita soothingly. Action benzodiazepine kwambiri njira thupi ndi chibadwidwe kugona kwabwino, linayamba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a tulo zosiyanasiyana kuwonetseredwa.

Koma apa anali wopanda mavuto omwe mu mawonekedwe zake zoipa, makamaka mawu kudalira mankhwala analidi wamphamvu kuposa barbiturates. Pafupifupi onse ogonetsa si mankhwala tulo, ndipo analamula phwando awo ndi ulamuliro wa dokotala.

Posachedwapa, mankhwala lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito yochizira matenda, ndilochokera ku ethanolamine. Ogonetsa "Donormil" kamodzi ambiri ku Central ndi Western Europe ndi ku Middle East, etc., ngakhale mgulu la mankhwala amafalitsidwa popanda dotolo. Wobala "Donormil" monga mwa mawonekedwe a mapiritsi lokutidwa, kapena miyala monga effervescent. Aliyense piritsi lili 15 mg doxylamine succinate, zachinyengo si anachita ndi madzi.

Lero loyenera kwambiri yothetsera tulo. Iye mosavuta anachokera ku thupi. Chifukwa cha mankhwala ali kwambiri tulo obshego boma thupi.