Dzhordzh Marshall: yonena ndi chidwi mfundo

Dzhordzh Ketlett Marshall ml. - kuti mumaganiza pamene inu mumva dzina? Amene akuwonekera patsogolo pa inu: a asilikali ankhanza, anaukira anthu chitetezo cha mabomba a atomiki, kapena zopindula chifundo Europe, analandira ntchito yake ya Nobel Prize?

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti moyo ndi ntchito za Marshall mwadzaza zinsinsi ndi zotsutsana. Tiyeni tione mosamala kwambiri ndipo kuti ndidziwe yemwe ali, momwe iye anakhala ndi zimene anatchuka kwambiri.

ubwana

Tsogolo General Dzhordzh Marshall anabadwa kumbuyo mu 1880 kakang'ono tawuni American wa Uniontown, yomwe ili m'dera la Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

Banja ankakhala pa mlingo waukulu, mu chitukuko ndi ulemu. Atate anagulitsa khala ndi nkhuni, mayi wa ana atatu.

Little Dzhordzh Ketlett Marshall sanali osiyana ndi anzawo. Iye anali wamng'ono wonenepa ndi waulesi kuphunzira ankachitira chabe. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anaima woganiza khalidwe lalikulu, anali pang'ono wodzikuza ndi mwachinsinsi.

achinyamata

Makolo okonzeka mwana wake m'malo mwake, ankafuna kumuona kuwerengetsa wamalonda wopambana. Komabe, mnyamatayo sanafune kupita kwa amalonda ndi anasankha ena ntchito - asilikali ntchito.

Kumene, bambo anga anali kutsutsana nazo izo. Koma kodi kuletsa izi adaletsa cholinga mnyamata mwachinsinsi kulota kuti tigonjetse dziko?

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri, Dzhordzh Marshall analowa Institute lankhondo la Virginia, omwe chidwi cha kupirira kwake kawirikawiri ndi bwino.

zaka zinai za kuphunzira kutha ndi mwachete koma tsopano akuyamba yonena za kupambana George Marshall dapple woyamba asilikali.

Yambani ntchito

Achinyamata chachiwiri mkulu kamakhala adatengedwa ndi asilikali uzigawidwa mu oyenda ndi akutumikira pa Philippines. Patapita miyezi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu za utumiki wodzipereka anaganiza kukweza maluso a asilikali ndipo analandira udindo wa mkulu.

Pa zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri a Dzhordzh Marshall amapita kutsogolo. The First World nkhondo pachimake, adani yagoletsa chigonjetso waluntha, Kutsatira zinthu zoopsa kugonja. Europe ndi akumenya magazi, mantha ndi kupha.

Kuli ndi unflappable, Marshall anatumikira ndodo Ofisala, signalman mosamala kukwaniritsa udindo wawo mwachindunji ndi mtima wonse kuona mmene bwino anakonza m'dziko lake ndi mmene zochita chachilendo ndi uncoordinated wa anagwirizana mphamvu.

Iye ankadziwa kuti sitingathe, iye ankadziwa kuti iye mosiyana. Koma iye sakanakhoza kutenga kusintha chinachake.

Onekerani gulu ndi mkulu wofuna sanali, koma iye anali ndi mwayi - odwala achikulire msilikali amene anatsogolera ntchito zofunika asilikali. Marshall molimba mtima molimba mtima anatenga lamulo.

Mwamsanga anayamba dongosolo nkhondo, deftly ntchito chuma onse: anthu mphamvu, mapu ndi zikalata zina.

Ntchito, kutsogozedwa ndi Mashallah bwino. Timasangalala-kasamalidwe anatumizidwa wolimba ndi wanzeru mkulu udindo wa wamkulu.

Pambuyo pake, panali kuwala ena, mokongola anakonza nkhondo, umene George Catlett analonjeza kupereka ambiri, koma nkhondo yatha, ndipo lonjezo limeneli kumizidwa mu wobisala.

Nkhondo itatha, ngakhale waponya udindo (womwe ndi dongosolo la nthawi mtendere), koma sizinandifooketse ndi makani a utumiki odziwa nkhondo.

nkhondo itatha,

Kuyambira mu 1919 Dzhordzh Marshall analandira poika aulemu pansi General Pershing, ndipo kenako zaka zitatu anakagwira China, kenako kuchita zinthu kuphunzitsa Sukulu oyenda wa Boma la Georgia. utumiki osiyanasiyanawo anabweretsa asilikali amphamvu yekha mtima anapeza ogula otchuka, anaphunzira chinenero Chinese, watsimikizira yekha mwa anzake amene ankawalemekeza ngati munthu woonamtima ndi akatswiri.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Marshall anali mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene anachenjeza United States utsogoleri kuti asilikali American simuli okonzeka kuti nkhondo. Iye analimbikitsa kulimbitsa la asilikali ndi zida ndi zipangizo zatsopano.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ntchito zankhondo saletsa ndi George Catlett kuchita mbali pa zochitika anthu. Mwachitsanzo, m'ma 1930s, iye anayamba ndi pulogalamu wofuna ntchito unyamata (monga mbali ya malamulo Roosevelt a).

Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse

Zochitika za 1939-1945 anali ndi yosaiwalika mu mbiri ya George Marshall.

Chaka isanayambe maudani, anasamukira ku Washington, pamene anaikidwa pa udindo wa Wothandizira Chief ya usilikali Planning (General Wogwila). Chikadzangotha nkhondo analengeza mtsogoleri mwabwinobwino anali kupereka udindo wa General ndi anaikizidwa General Wogwila Ankhondo.

Ngakhale pa malo ake udindo, kumene General kulimbikitsa utumiki kusankha asilikali komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa asilikali a boma, iye anatha kukonzanso Utumiki wa nkhondo ndipo zonse zikugwira kulimbitsa zachitetezo. Ndi mfundo zokwanira, iye kudzudzula boma za kuopsa kuukira Japanese.

Kufuna zambiri ntchito ya usilikali inatha bwinobwino kwa asilikali US, Marshall kamodzinso nakokera chidwi cha mutsogoleli wadziko. Iye akukhala mlangizi Roosevelt pa khalidwe la Nkhondo pamodzi ndi Mutu wa State pa congresses osiyanasiyana misonkhano, komanso kuyang'anira chilengedwe cha bomba la atomiki.

Kodi pamwamba anafika Dzhordzh Ketlett ntchito? ndi kutsogolo chachiwiri linatsegulidwa, katundu zida ndi chakudya Soviet Union, nkhondoyo inatha ndi Italy ndipo tidakocheza asilikali mu Normandy kwa ntchito ya Nazi Germany.

Nthawi zambiri, ndi mkulu wa ndodo anafuna kuti iye anakhala mu mithunzi ndi sankadzinenera olemba ntchito ya opaleshoni asilikali.

Malo mdima pa mbiri asilikali

General Lee ntchito zida atomiki ndi Hiroshima ndi Nagasaki ndi udindo? Malinga ndi umboni wa ena amanena, Marshall panokha analangiza pulezidenti kugwiritsa ntchito miyeso kwambiri. Komabe, pali mfundo ina, chimene Dzhordzh Ketlett ankaganiza kuti bomba la atomiki sanafunike, ndipo anamva chisoni kuti pa ntchito za kupha anthu wamba ambiri.

Kenako ndemanga pa zimene zinachitikazi, ndi onse American ananena kuti zida za nyukiliya ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti nkhondo, koma nthawi yomweyo anavomereza kuti mtengo wa chigonjetso kwambiri.

Chirichonse chomwe icho chinali, pambuyo agonje kwa Japanese Marshall anamaliza ntchito asilikali ndi kulumikiza utumiki zamtendere.

nthawi unawonongedwa

Ntchito yoyamba inali kukhazikitsa opandamantha vuto ambiri mu China, kuteteza dziko ku nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Komabe, ntchito zabwino analephera, ndipo Dzhordzh Ketlett anabwerera kwawo.

Ndiye Pulezidenti Truman anam'patsa mlembi wa boma, lomwe zinafuna udindo waukulu. The vuto latsopano la Marshall okalamba anali bwino mfundo yachilendo, ndiye kubwezeretsa mgwirizano wa mayiko.

Akhama America anachita ntchito yawo, monga mwa nthawi zonse, bwinobwino ndiponso mwakhama.

dongosolo Marshall

Masiku amenewo, Europe unali mwa bwinja. Inawononga nyumba mafakitale, njala anthu, linasweka chuma ndi kufufuma zoopsa. Zonsezi motsutsa likhale m'khutu kukumbukira wamagazi maganizo ndi anthu wamba maliro.

Ndipo kotero anzeru ndi aluntha Dzhordzh Ketlett amapereka pulogalamu kuthetsa vuto lonse.

linali dongosolo la George C. Marshall chiyani? Kwa zaka zinayi, America ndi ufulu kusamutsa mphamvu limati sikisitini amene pangano yosainidwa, madola mabiliyoni khumi, imene likufuna kugwiritsa ntchito kubwezeretsa ogwira ntchito (kapena mapangidwe atsopano), komanso kulenga ntchito.

Mayiko amene analandira thandizo pansi pulogalamu Marshall: England, France, Germany West, Holland, Austria, Belgium ndi ena. Kenako mu mndandanda m'gulu Japan komanso m'mayiko ena Asian East.

USSR ndi Finland anakana thandizo.

Chimodzi mwa zinthu "Plan Marshall" anali kukakamiza kuchotsa maboma a zipani chikominisi.

States lopereka thandizo malinga ndi pulogalamu imeneyi, patatha zaka makumi awiri, wakhoza kutenga malo ake oyenera mwa maiko otchuka dziko.

N'zosadabwitsa kwa chilengedwe cha Plan ake Marshall analandira Nobel Prize. Kuwonjezera pa Nobel Prize, Dzhordzh Marshall taonera maudindo ena aulemu, kupereka mphoto zambiri ndi mendulo. dzina lake lapatsidwa kwa masukulu ndi njira.

George Marshall Filmography

Chifaniziro cha Marshall ulemerero zikupezeka mu sewero asilikali Stivena Spilberga "Kupulumutsa Private Ryan", pomwe American General limaoneka kwa omvera njira anzake kudziwa: mantha, moona, aluntha, ndi wolemekezeka.

Dzhordzh Ketlett Marshall anamwalira ali ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu.