Kapangidwe ka malonda.

malonda - palibe kanthu ngati ndondomeko malonda imene ikuchitika pakati pa ogulitsa, ogula, intermediaries a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe ka malonda kumafuna tanthauzo ndi katundu wa katundu, ndi chiŵerengero pakati pa iwo akutchedwa bwino malonda.

Chofunika dongosolo zimasiyanasiyana Trade International ndi zobvundukuka p, ndi kukulitsa gulu la ntchito. Pa nthawi, zofunika kwambiri malonda monga mankhwala m'dziko la makampani opanga. Zida, makina, mankhwala, magalimoto - izi ndi mitundu ya mankhwala, amene gawo ikukula makamaka kudya. A malonda mankhwala zina zamakono ndi mankhwala apamwamba mapeto kusiyana pompopompo kwambiri. Zimathandiza nzeru ntchito pakati pa maiko awiri, makamaka ndi kulankhula, mafakitale, chuma, ngongole za sayansi ndi luso chikhalidwe. World malonda cholinga mafakitale analimbikitsa malonda katundu ntchito (kubwereketsa, kufunsira, mfundo ndi kompyuta, kukonza).

Kapangidwe ka malonda limasonyeza chiŵerengero mu buku okwana mbali iliyonse, malingana Mbali osankhidwa. Angamulambirire wa malonda limasonyeza chiŵerengero cha imports ndi zogulitsa kunja monga nusu kapena kuchuluka. Kumbali mtengo, gawo la zogulitsa kunja nthawi zonse zosakwana gawo la imports. Kumbali thupi, chiŵerengero ichi ndi wofanana ndi munthu. Chofunika dongosolo la malonda padziko lonse zikusonyeza zimene chiwerengero cha anthu kapena zinthu zina buku ake okwana.

Mankhwala ena samenya nawo malonda dziko. Choncho, iwo anawagawa sanali tradable ndi tradable. Gulu loyamba - amene pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana (kufunika njira posowa dziko ya mpikisano) ndi osasunthika pakati pa mayiko osiyanasiyana. A gulu loyamba - katundu amene ali ndi ufulu kusuntha.

Pamene dongosolo la malonda amakhala ndi akatswiri kusiyanitsa magulu awiri a mankhwala: mankhwala yomalizidwa ndi zipangizo.

Segmented wa malonda yodziwika ndi kufalitsa zolowa malangizo mankhwala osiyana mitsinje. Panopa, pali vuto ngati kuti mayiko amene amakonzedwa m'mafakitale ndipo ali ndi chuma zambiri otukuka, kwambiri malonda ndi mzake. Mayiko amene akutukuka lolunjika pa misika ya maiko otukuka mayiko. 25 peresenti ya malonda dziko - kuti cholowa chawo mu malonda dziko. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka ntchito yomwe dziko chotchedwa kumene olemera (Asian), koma mayiko mafuta exporting akusiya kufunika malonda dziko.

malonda ali zosiyanasiyana. Mwa kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi chimodzi ndi Multidisciplinary. Pali kusiyana ndi chiwerengero cha zipani pa amgwirizano ndi Multilaterial. Malinga ndi kuchuluka dera lawo, malonda dziko lagawidwa m'deralo, dera, interregional ndi padziko lonse. Pali dongosolo olekanitsa kwa kwapakati pa-maulalo, kwapakati, yapakati-mafakitale yopingasa, ofukula ndi kusakaniza.

Panopa malonda ali yofunika kwambiri mu kukula zamalonda m'mayiko ambiri ndi zigawo ndi anthu padziko lonse. malonda okhonda poona amphamvu kwambiri chinthu cha bwino chuma. Ndipo tsopano amitundu ambiri kwambiri amadalira malonda. Pa kukula zazikulu za malonda zimakhudza zinthu monga internationalization kupanga, kupanga gulu la ntchito pakati pa mayiko, zochitika ndi kukhalapo kwa transnational mabungwe TNCs, komanso sayansi ndi luso zisinthe.