Kaswili. Chigongono olowa: kapangidwe, Mitsemphayi, minofu ndi ntchito

Kapangidwe ndi ntchito ya mbali zosiyana za thupi, kuphatikizapo mafupa a mafupa, kuphunzira thunthu. Chigongono olowa anafotokoza kuti mankhwala a mafupa ndi ufulu chapamwamba nthambi aumbike mwa magawo lumikiza 3 mafupa: ndi humerus, ulna ndi utali wozungulira.

Zigawo za olowa

Chigongono olowa - zachilendo Bony ogwirizana, zomwe zimabweretsa pamodzi phewa ndi mkono.

Features dongosolo la akhoza zimachitika kuipidwa olowa ndi ophatikizana articulation.

Zovuta olowa otchedwa amenewa mu mapangidwe amene akukhudzidwa kali kuposa awiri articular. Chigongono atatu:

• articular padziko wapotalikira humerus epiphysis (mutu wagawo ndi condyle);
• articular padziko ulna (trochlear mphako ndi cheza);
• mutu ndi glenoid bwalo utali wozungulira.

Tikaphatikiza olowa amatanthauza mankhwala amene imene mfundo zingapo palokha ophatikizana zomvetsera articular kapisozi. Chigongono mu kapisozi mmodzi ophatikizana atatu palokha.

Matenda a chigongono olowa anthu ndi zachilendo kwambiri, ogwirizana mu mpanda umodzi 3 zosiyanasiyana zimfundo:

• humeroulnar - uniaxial, ginglymoid;
• brachioradialis - ozungulira, koma gululi ikuchitika za ziwiri nkhwangwa (mazunzo ndi ofukula);
• radioulnar - cylindrical (kasinthasintha za olamulira ofukula).

kayendedwe mwina chigongono

Kapangidwe olowa limachititsa kuchita akonzedwa yeniyeni kayendedwe. Izi flexion, kutambasuka, kasinthasintha (pronation ndi supination).

olowa kapisozi

Olowa kapisozi lozungulira olowa 3. Iwo chili kutsogolo ndipo pa mbali.

Front ndi kumbuyo ndi woonda kwambiri, pang'ono anatambasula, koma kumbali kuteteza chigongono ake mitsempha. Matenda a nembanemba synovial zikuphatikizapo mafupa omwe si ataphimbidwa ndi chichereŵechereŵe, koma ali olowa.

Mitsempha ya chigongono olowa

Aliyense pawiri fupa - ndi zovuta ndi bwino mozama thunthu. Analimbitsa chigongono Mitsemphayi, amene amateteza ndi kayendedwe mu ndege osiyana.

Ulnar ina mitsempha akuyamba patsinde pa humerus (a medial condyle) Wamaliza pa ulna (trochlear zodula).

The zozungulira ina mitsempha akuyamba ku humerus ndi (lateral epicondyle) lagawidwa matabwa awiri omwe mogwirizana ndi adzazungulire mutu wa utali wozungulira, kodi wotetezedwa kwa ulna (zozungulira zodula).

Mphete ndi mitolo lalikulu la utali wozungulira atathana ndi ulna.

Knobby protrusions Ufumuyo kwa tendon wa chigongono. Matenda a pawiri la amatchedwa "mutu wa ulna lapansi." Zinali iye amene nthawi zambiri amadwala kuvulala amawonongeka.

Kuwonjezera pa mitsempha yaikulu mu ntchito fupa fixation nawo ndi Kakhungu interosseous wa mkono ndi. Iwo aumbike mwa matabwa yolimba kuti kugwirizana utali wozungulira ndi ulna. Mmodzi wa matabwa izi ndi zosiyana kuchokera mbali ina, lotchedwa oblique poyambira. Iwo ali dzenje kudzera amene mitsempha ya magazi ndi misempha. Kukondera poyambira Chiyambi kwa chiwerengero cha minofu mkono.

Minofu ya chigongono limodzi thunthu ndi ntchito

Pali zingapo mfundo yachilendo fupa mu thupi la munthu. Iwo onse kuphunzira thunthu. Chigongono olowa ndi zachilendo mu njira yake. Iwo zimatetezedwa ndi zabwino akulu chimango. Mgwirizano ntchito minofu yonse zipangitsa ntchito mosadodometsedwa la fupa olowa.

akatumba onse amene amakhudza chigongono olowa zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 3: extensors, flexors, rotators (kuchita pronation ndi supination).

olowa extensors - triceps minofu (triceps), tensor fascia wa mkono ndi mawondo minofu.

olowa flexors - ndi kukongola (kukongola), brachioradialis ndi minofu phewa.

Pronator - brachioradialis minofu, pronator teres minofu, pronator lalikulu kuchita kayendedwe rotational mkati ndi kunja.

Insoles - kukongola, supinator, brachioradialis minofu atembenuza ndi mkono kuchokera mkati.

Kuchita thupi zolimbitsa minofu adazifuna, ndikofunika kukumbukira chitetezo. Chigongono olowa kawirikawiri anavulala othamanga.

Yobweretsa magazi chigongono limodzi thunthu

Nkofunika kuti m'malo yake kuti zakudya kuti kudza kwa iye ndi magazi. Ndi zonse zimfundo ndi minofu amachokera gulu la mitsempha ya. Iwo amakhala ndi nthambi 8, amene anakonza pamwamba pa kapisozi olowa.

zopezera mitsempha kuti kupereka magazi kwa olowa, imakhala ziwiya ndi dzina "anastomosis".

Topographic thunthu la chigongono olowa - izi ndi zovuta kugwirizana chiwembu mtima. Ndiyamika zolinga zawo ikuchitika mosalekeza wa magazi kwa olowa. Outflow ikuchitika mwa mitsempha.

innervation minofu

Ndani apangitsa ndondomeko kuyenda mu olowa? Pali mabungwe wapadera mitsempha wokhulupirira minofu innervation. Izi zozungulira ndi misempha apakatikati. Iwo ali patsogolo pa chigongono.

Features wa chigongono limodzi njira zofufuzira

Chigongono olowa ali pachiopsezo kwambiri, monga nthawi zonse poyera kuti maganizo thupi.

Nthawi zambiri, kumvetsa chifukwa cha ululu, dokotala n'kukulemberani kufufuza zina. Zimakhala X-ray, Kujambula, ultrasound kulingalira, arthroscopy, chigongono puncture.

Kafukufuku zimenezi boma panopa mafupa ndi Mitsemphayi malo olowa. Pa cithunzithunzi kuphunzira zonse za thunthu lake adzakhala akusonyeza. Chigongono - limodzi zovuta, chimene chimafuna mosamala ndi zambiri mothandizidwa ndi zida zina.

Njira yaikulu matenda Kupeza Vuto chigongono - radiography. Kutenga zithunzi mu zolosera awiri. Iwo amakulolani kuona kusintha onse mafupa.

Kudziwa matenda a zigawo zofewa chigongono madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira ina.

Kuvulala ndi matenda

ululu zonse m'dera chigongono anganene kuti pali ena kuyan'anila. Ndikatha kumfunsafunsa, ndi zambiri matenda - ndi arthrosis. Zichitika, ndi nyamakazi, ndi zambiri.

arthrosis

Kumachitika kwambiri kamodzikamodzi kuposa mu bondo kapena ntchafu mafupa. Pachiopsezo anthu amene ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka katundu pa chigongono limodzi ndi mbiri ya zoopsa kapena opaleshoni m'zigongono, ndi endocrine kapena kagayidwe kachakudya matenda, ndi nyamakazi.

Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi: zonse kupweteka ululu kuti zikadzatha zolimbitsa thupi. Iwo umapita pambuyo mpumulo. Kuwonekera kapena crunching chigongono. Kuchepetsa osiyanasiyana apaulendo.

nyamakazi

Yotupa olowa matenda. zifukwa zotheka zambiri. Iwo akhoza kukhala matenda, thupi lawo siligwirizana, mkulu katundu olowa, kutupikana.

mawonekedwe A nyamakazi ingakhale yopweteka kwambiri kapena yokhalitsa.

Zizindikiro Main: ululu kulimbikira, khungu redness, kutupa, malire a zoyendayenda olowa.

nyamakazi

Nthawi zambiri, chigongono angakaphe nyamakazi. Ake zizindikiro: stiffness m'mawa, symmetrical nyamakazi (onse awiri mfundo chofuna), ululu aakulu, okhudzidwa mu ndondomeko matenda zimfundo wamng'ono kwambiri (manja, m'miyendo, dzanja, bondo).

epicondylitis

Pafupipafupi matenda a anthu amene ntchito chikugwirizana ndi katundu pamwamba pa chigongono (tennis, gofu, ogwetsana).

Pali 2 mitundu: lateral, medial.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: ululu m'dera la epicondyle zowonongeka chimene chimafika kwa minofu forearm (kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo). Pa chiyambi cha zowawa matenda zimachitika pambuyo thupi. M'tsogolo, ululu ndi kuchisonyeza ngakhale ndi magulu kochepa.

bursitis

Kutupa kwa kapisozi olowa. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika mwa anthu amene ntchito kumaphatikizapo ndi kuvulala zonse zapambuyo pamwamba pa chigongono.

Zizindikiro zazikulu: kutupa, throbbing ululu, kutupa pa kumbuyo kwa m'zigongono, ndi kuletsa zoyenda matalikidwe. Kawirikawiri zizindikiro zazikulu za malungo, anafooka ambiri, malaise, mutu kuyamba.

kuvulala

Osafunika thupi chikoka pa chigongono zingachititse choipa. dislocation ichi, fupa wovulala, sprain, kukha mwazi olowa (hemarthrosis), kuwonongeka kwa thupi, articular kapisozi chophukacho.

Izi kuvulala ndi matenda kaŵirikaŵiri nawo pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pofuna kudziteteza kwa iwo, muyenera kuchita zodzitetezera: kupewa maganizo mosayenera, dziperekeni mpumulo yake, n'kofunika kupewa zinthu zoopsa kuntchito, kutsatira zakudya, zolimbitsa thupi maphunziro ofunika ndi articular olimbitsa.