Kodi Brazil angadabwe chiyani? Manaus ndi mzinda umene umatsegula zitseko ku nkhalango ya Amazon

Mzinda wa Amazonas, womwe uli likulu la Brazil, lili ndi anthu oposa mamiliyoni awiri alibe malo ozungulira ndipo alizunguliridwa ndi nkhalango zonse. Mzinda wa Manaus ukhoza kutchedwa khomo la dziko la nyama zakutchire, ndipo anthu amene amafika ku Amazon sagonjetsa.

Ulendo wautali wakhala phindu lalikulu la ngale yokongola ya Brazil. Alendo ochokera kudziko lonse lapansi akulota kulowa mu nkhalango, ndipo maulendo odziwa bwino samakhumudwitsa anthu akunja, kuwafikitsa ku kukongola kosadziwika kwa namwali. Kuchokera mumzindawu, misewu yambiri yokaona imayambira, kuphatikizapo m'mapaki a dziko, omwe Brazil amawatchuka. Manaus, yemwe ali ndi mapewa ake omwe ali ndi chidwi chodziwika bwino, amavomereza mtundu wake ndipo amamvetsera mwachidwi.

Chiwombankhanga

Mu 1669, kuzungulira nsanja yomangidwa ndi a Chipwitikizi, tawuni yaing'ono inapezeka, yomwe idalandira dzina lake lamakono zaka 163 kenako, ndipo patatha zaka 16 adapatsidwa udindo wa mzinda. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, Manaus mosayembekezereka amakhala pakati pa malonda a rabara, ndipo matayala a matayala amafalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Kufunidwa katundu kumabweretsa ndalama zopanda pake, ndipo pakati pa anthu akumeneko muli mamiliyoni ambiri.

Panthaŵiyi, Brazil, mzinda wolemera, umadziwika kuti ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Manaus, yomwe idatsegula zitseko za olowa ku yunivesiti yaikulu ya boma, idatchedwanso "Paris otentha" chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nyumba zachifumu zapamwamba za chuma cha tsopano.

Pano anthu omwe anamva zafupipafupi zomwe amapindula kuchokera kudziko lonse adakula Hevea (mitengo ya mphira) poyembekeza madzi amadzi. Chiwombankhanga chenicheni chimene chinagwira mzindawo, mosayembekezereka kwa onse, chinatha nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itatha.

Kusintha kwachuma

Mosiyana ndi zoletsedwa, munthu wamba wa Chingerezi anatulutsa mbewu zomwe zidabzalidwa ku Southeast Asia. Gevei anayamba kupereka mphira wambiri kuposa Amazon, koma inali yotchipa nthawi imodzi. Nthaŵi ina zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zinkasokoneza, ndipo deralo linawonongeka kwambiri. Kukhazikitsa kwawo kunachepetsedwa kufikira, mu 1967, Brazil inapindulitsa kwambiri zachuma. Manaus, yomwe inakhala malo ochita malonda aulere, inakhalanso mzinda wopeza ndalama zambiri. Tsopano ndi malo akuluakulu ogulitsa mafakitale ndi malo ofunikira ofunikira dziko.

Chilengedwe cha kutentha

Makilomita 300 kuchokera kumzinda wotanganidwa kwambiri ndi equator, yomwe imakhudza kwambiri nyengo yonse. Chaka chonse kutentha sikugwera pansi pa madigiri 26-30, ndipo chifukwa cha kutentha kwapamwamba komwe kumakhala mumzinda, zimakhala zovuta kutulutsa kutentha koteroko. M'dzinja, nthawi yamvula (kwa Azungu kumapeto), pafupi mamita a mvula imagwa.

"Ukwati wa mitsinje"

Mzindawu uli pafupi ndi nkhalango, Manaus (Brazil), amene chithunzi chake chimapereka chidwi chake ndi European gloss, ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha zozizwitsa za Amazonian, ndipo alendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akuthamanga kupita kumzinda kukawona zodabwitsa izi. Mzindawu uli pamphepete mwa mtsinje waukulu wa Black River, ndipo madzi ake akuphatikizapo Solimoes, munthu amatha kuona zochitika zokongola kwambiri.

Madzi a Rio Negro ali olemera mchere ndipo ali ndi khofi yamdima, ndi Solimões, yomwe imatuluka kuchokera kumapiri, imapeza mthunzi wachikasu wamatope. Kumalo kumene mitsinje imakumana, pali zotsatira zokondweretsa - makilomita angapo a madzi otentha otsika, osati kusakaniza.

Zochitika zamakono

Chifukwa cha malo ake, mzinda wa Manaus (Brazil) wakhala wakale kwambiri pa zokopa zachilengedwe. Simungabwere kuno tsiku limodzi, chifukwa choganizira zochitika zambiri zachilengedwe ndi zochitika zakale, zidzatenga osachepera sabata.

Mukhoza kupita kumunda wa botanical, womwe umakhala pafupi ndi makilomita 100. Adolpho Ducke, okaona amadziŵa bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Amazonia. Zosakaniza za zomera zapadera, ziwonetsero za maluwa omwe ali ndi maluwa osakongola, laibulale ndi malo ochitira masewera akuluakulu adzabweretsa zatsopano zambiri kwa alendo onse a dziko.

Phiri la Jau likuphatikizapo zachilengedwe zambiri m'deralo. Pano pitani chokoleti ndi mkaka, ferns, palmalms ndi liana. Kuchuluka kwake kwa nkhalango kumadabwitsa, ndipo maluŵa akuluakulu ndi orchids amapanga chithumwa chapadera kwa Parque Nacional do Jau, chomwe Brazil chimanyadira.

Manaus ndi mzinda wokongola kwambiri umene uli pafupi ndi nkhalango, ndipo, malinga ndi okaona malo, chidwi choyamba chimayamba kunja kwake. Mtsinje wa Mtsinje wa Amazon sikutanthauza kuti "matapu a dziko lapansi" chabe, chifukwa ndi nkhalango yam'mvula yamtendere yomwe ili ndi makilomita oposa sikisi miliyoni. Gawo la oksijeni lonse m'dziko lathu limapangidwa pano. Asayansi asanthula 30 peresenti ya zomera za m'deralo, kumene mafuko a Amwenye amakhala, omwe sanayambe akuyanjana ndi chitukuko.

Alendo omwe ankadziŵa bwino kwambiri maonekedwe a Amazon, omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a gawo la dziko la South America, moyenerera amakhulupirira kuti dziko lokongola kwambiri padziko lapansi ndi Brazil.

Manaus: Maulendo

Kuyenda kudutsa m'nkhalango yamvula kumaphatikizidwa ndi maulendo am'deralo kumakhala kosawerengeka. M'katikati mwa nkhalango, malo ogulitsira zachilengedwe akuphwanyidwa, omwe nyumba zokongola zimamangidwa monga ma nyumba a ku India.

Kupitako kwa masiku 2-3, kuphatikizapo boti kuchoka mumzinda ndi chakudya chachitatu pa tsiku, ndi kotchuka kwambiri ndi alendo. Kuyambira m'mawa, alendo amatha ulendo wopita kudera lozungulira. Ndipo okhudzidwa kwambiri ngakhale kutenga nawo mbali pa kusaka kwa ng'ona.

Kwa alendo olemera amene sakufuna kukhala mu nyumba, pali ulendo wokaona malo pa sitimayi.

Tiyenera kuvomereza kuti kwazaka mazana ambiri tsopano zasungira kukoma kwake kwa dziko lonse la Brazil. Manaus, amene amawakumbukira zinthu zosangalatsa nthawi zonse, amamvetsera alendo, ndipo amawakonda kwambiri. Palibe woyenda, wopumula ku likulu la dziko, sakudandaula ulendo wopambana.