Kodi manufactory? Kupanga dzulo ndi lero

Kodi manufactory? M'lingaliro tingachipeze powerenga za manufactory - mtundu wa mafakitale, yapitayi kukhazikitsidwa kwa zikuluzikulu makampani makina. Komabe, mawu akuti "manufactory" ndi multivalued. Izo ntchito kudziwa siteji makamaka chitukuko cha ulimi capitalist ndi mtundu wa ogwira capitalist. nsalu zambiri amatchedwa nsalu mankhwala fakitale, chokongoletsedwa ndi makina. Amatanthauza zosiyanasiyana establishments Chotsimikizika, mafakitale, makamaka nsalu ndi kuluka, komanso zikumveka mawu "kupanga".

Manufactory - makamaka Buku kupanga. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi mawu akuti "kupanga» (manufactura), popangidwa ndi pophatikizana mawu awiri Latin: "manus" - "dzanja" ndi "factura" - "kupanga". Zamanja - la makhalidwe zazikulu zimene kusiyanitsa ndi manufactory wa mafakitale ndi zokambirana, ntchito imene zochokera yopanga makina ndi conveyor.

Kubweretsa momveka funso "kodi ndi manufactory" Choyamba, muyenera kuyang'ana pa mbiriyakale ya pakuwonekera kwake. precursors ake anali yakale yoyendera ergasteria (masitolo), akale oyendayenda mgwirizano, masitolo luso, ndi mayanjano awo (masitolo). Pofika kumapeto kwa guilds tingachipeze powerenga akale, omwe malamulo craftwork, malamulo, malangizo anagawira ndi kulamulira amasokoneza, salinso zogwirizana ndi zenizeni chi. Kuti akonze kumvetsa bwino zimene manufactory, m'pofunika kulabadira zinthu pakuwonekera kwake. Kufunika kwa chuma zikuluzikulu anaonekera pa nthawi imene kukula zamanja ndi malonda, pochita Hrs atulukira, kuumba msika kwa kuŵeta. Motero, kukula afunika kubala mtengo mankhwala, cholinga kukakomana ndi zofuna za anthu otchuka mu nthawi ya mphamvu zonse wachifumu France (XVII atumwi.). Major kupanga, kupanga, chifukwa zambiri pamene ducal bwalo, anapanga mipando, zopeta, mbiya, zodzikongoletsera, makadi kusewera ndi zina zapamwamba.

The European woyamba kwambiri kupanga kupanga imatengedwa kuti ndi dongo manufactory, anakhazikitsidwa mu 1710 mu chinyumba Albrechtsburg (Meissen). Kenako, ankapitabe popanga nkhani zosiyanasiyana Chotsimikizika anaonekera m'mizinda yambiri European.

Kodi manufactory tinkadziwa kumbuyo mu XVII atumwi ku Russia. Ngakhale pali breech (yachifumu) ndi masitolo wamalonda kuti ndi zina mwa kupanga. kukula chapadera cha zotsimikizira kupanga unkachitika pa Peter I. Kumapeto kwa XVIII - oyambirira XIX mabizinezi zaka zinalengedwa wa mtundu uwu, ambiri amene ali bwinobwino zikugwira ntchito lero. Mwachitsanzo, Moscow lakale nsalu kampani JSC "Trekhgorny kupanga".

Manufactory - si nthawiyi chitukuko cha ulimi wamakono mafakitale. Amasokoneza kupangidwa ndi m'misili, khalidwe labwino kwambiri kuposa kupanga fakitale. Ndithu kwambiri udindo wa zotsimikizira kupanga kuteteza miyambo luso mu Tirhana na Timatheriyali, kupanga katundu wapadera mu tsiku lathu ndi kuchita ambuye manja.