Kodi zinthu zachiwawa? Criminogenic zinthu khalidwe

Nanga bwanji upandu, onse tikumva pa nkhani, kuwerenga manyuzipepala, koma nthawi zina mpaka mapeto ndipo sankadziwa chimene icho chiri. Tiyeni kumvetsa mfundo imeneyi, ganizirani mitundu alipo, komanso njira zimene kudziteteza ngati amalowa izo.

Kodi zinthu zachiwawa?

Iwo anazindikira monga chochitika kapena chikhalidwe chimene chinam'chititsa munthu kupanga mtima wa kachitidwe chigawenga. M'mawu ena, ndi ya mavuto imene munthu ali pamaso mlandu anachita. zinthu zimenezi zimakhudza maganizo ake, adzakhala mumtima, ndi mogwirizana ndi makhalidwe abwino a munthuyo, chifukwa chilakolako chake ndi mtima kuchita chigawenga (mwadala kapena kunyalanyaza) kachitidwe. Choncho, zinthu chigawenga ali ndi malo chidwi kwambiri zifukwa zovuta ntchito ya upandu makamaka. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, zimakhala ngati mu malo wapakatikati pakati pa adzadziwire wolakwayo, zachilengedwe ndi kuchita chigawenga.

Gulu la upandu zinthu Resources

Malinga gwero la chiyambi, alinso ndi mitundu itatu pazochitika criminogenic:

• amene mwadala amalenga yokha chigawenga Mwachitsanzo, mwadala kuchedwa ndi chilolezo cha zikalata, zikalata (tepi) ndi kulanda ndi ziphuphu;
• kriminogennosti mavuto chifukwa cha izo, koma mwangozi (mwachitsanzo, kumwa mowa, limene zinafuna chilengedwe cha zinthu mwadzidzidzi panjira);
• zinthu akuwuka kuchokera chiwerewere ndi khalidwe zawozo zikuphwanya anthu ena, mwachitsanzo, owonjezera miyeso kumbuyo pamene munthu anakakamizika kuteteza ake kapena achibale ake;
• zinthu analengedwa ndi akuvutika chifukwa cha upandu, iwo khalidwe kugonana maonekedwe (mwatsatanetsatane nkhani zimenezi nawo victimology kapena sayansi "mwa anthu");
• criminogenic zinthu zikuchitika chifukwa cha zochitika lachibadwa, kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya masoka (chigumula, chivomezi, etc.) kulenga kuchuluka lonse kwa looters;
• vuto chifukwa cha mwayi.

Pakhoza kusakaniza ndi zochitika Mwachitsanzo, dalaivala ali mu mkhalidwe mowa wamphamvu kapena mankhwala ali ngozi pa vuto, osati anakonza gawo la msewu, zinthu zoipa nyengo (mvula, mphepo yamkuntho, chifunga, etc.). Kuwonjezera zachilengedwe, ndiponso pali kwambiri anthu amafotokozera.

mbali Anasokonezeka

Lingaliro la upandu yogwirizana ndi zotsatira zake. Popanda Kuphunzira bwinobwino umunthu wa kupewa wovulalayo akhoza asapitirire chikuyandikira chikhalidwe. M'pofunika kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane chizindikiro cha akuvutika ndi mavuto onse ndi mphamvu Achita anakhazikitsa. Nthawi zambiri, zinthu chigawenga analengedwa ndi zochita za m'malo a wovulalayo. Victimology waika yokha kuchita zinazake:

• kuphunzira khalidwe la munthuyo komanso khalidwe lake;
• maphunziro malamulo a nzika: ngakhale palibe Kudziŵako, ambiri amakhala mokwanira kapena konse, mmene kuwatsatira muzochita zake;
• epistemological: mwatsoka, iwo anazindikira kuti chitukuko cha mafakitale ndi kokha pa siteji koyamba, pamene mu US ndi mayiko ena a ku Ulaya kwapatsidwa mokwanira ndi phunziro zakuya.

Zofunika Victimological ndi upandu kupewa. Ndipotu, ndi wapadera mabungwe chikhalidwe, zomwe cholinga chake ndicho akudzizindikiritsa ndi kuthana ndi zinthu ndi zinthu zimene zinathandiza kuti khalidwe wovulalayo. Ntchito imachitika pa mbali zitatu: ambiri chikhalidwe, yapadera ndi munthu. Victimological kupewa - ndi mfundo zambiri. Upandu ayenera inadzudzula ndi miyezo zotheka njira.

Long zinthu criminogenic

Pansipa iwo ambiri amadziwira zikachitika (zinthu) zomwe zimachitika nthawi isanafike nthawi ya upandu. Iwo mpaka wina nthawi zokhudza munthu maganizo, nthawi zambiri kwambiri komanso wosasangalala. Tikhoza kunena kuti iwo akuwoneka kuti "kukonzekera" munthu mlandu waukulu. Zitsanzo za upandu zinthu za chikhalidwe ichi anenera: mikangano banja yaitali, khalani mu malo akumane chikhalidwe (makamaka umakhudza achinyamata ndi ana), etc.

Short zinthu criminological

dzina lawo chachiwiri - disposable. Zidzachitika mwamsanga ndipo pa nthawi amaganiza kuti kuphatikiza ndi upandu, monga kukangana mu malo odyera, kalabu yausiku, ngakhale pulayimale mu mzere pa sitolo. Kwa nthawi pang'ono nthawi ndi chitukuko cha munthu Kukolanaku, amene umatha m'njira zosiyanasiyana: menyani, kumenya, nkhanza, etc.

Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti pali mitundu mitundu iwiri, mwachitsanzo nthawi yaitali m'banja mkangano pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi pamene mwamuna zonse zimawononga mowa kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, iye anamenyedwa chipongwe ndi manyazi ulemu kwa anthu. Koma upandu anachita chifukwa, monga iwo amati, "otsiriza dontho" wa kanthu makamaka yochepa ndipo pa ina.

General zinthu criminogenic

Gawo Izi zachokera mmene, monga izo, mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zachiwawa.

General, mwachitsanzo anakafika dera ndi lalikulu, mwachitsanzo, kupanda katundu kapena ntchito mkati chigawo chomwe mufuna kapena dziko zinagwira wozembetsa upandu mu Russia.

Local zinthu criminogenic

Zidzachitika pa enieni, m'dera zochepa monga nyumba kapena kukangana pa maziko a ubale akatswiri timu mu bungwe yeniyeni, kukangana, imfa ya chuma, etc.

Gulu la okhutira

• Vuto - pogona chakuti munthu amakakamizidwa kuti tifunefune njira kutanthauza zotheka mwa zinthu kapena moyo panopa mavuto kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi: Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukufuna kutumiza ndalama ngongole (atamuopseza moyo wawo kapena okondedwa), ndipo amayendetsa anthu kuchita kuba.
• Mikangano - mikangano chidwi otani pamene lobadwa ndi anthu ena kapena matupi boma ndi anthu: mwachitsanzo, zaumbanda kupanda, chomwe nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha nkhondo ndi makolo, aphunzitsi, ena anthu okalamba zaka.
• Yoipa kuti ndi zachilendo kwapadera mkhalidwe munthu amene kwambiri pa iye, mwachitsanzo, umbanda chikondi, kuti ali ndi maganizo mantha.

Gulu la chikhalidwe cha mmene

Malinga wotani kanthu ndi munthu, pali zotsatirazi zinthu criminogenic:

• n'zothandiza (kumuyesa), iwo ndi zotsatira ndimalimbikitsidwa ndiponso zimandipatsa mphamvu kukankhira ndi munthu mlandu waukulu Mwachitsanzo, zosasamaliridwa thumba kapena galimoto ndi kiyi poyatsira, ndi khalidwe la wovulalayo;
• zokhudzana;
• akatulutsidwa - iwo chifukwa zosangalatsa za mavuto maganizo, omwe chifukwa cha mavuto ena aliwonse;
• kovuta.

Zizindikiro za moyo upandu

vuto lililonse chigawenga kwenikweni ake ndi cholinga, muli maonekedwe a nkhani ndi chinthu nkhanza, nthawi ndi malo, nyengo ndi zikhalidwe zina. Monga zanyengo akhoza kuchita zinthu zomwe amakonda ntchito ndi mlandu Mwachitsanzo, osakwanira chitetezo katundu, zigawo mwadzidzidzi msewu impeding kayendedwe yachibadwa n'zothandiza wovulalayo khalidwe (yogwira kapena musanaganizire) etc.

Pa nthawi yomweyo zinthu chigawenga ali ndi khalidwe m'maganizo, kuti amaona ngati munthu winawake. Pankhaniyi, amaonera anthu otchulidwa zimadalira makhalidwe ake abwino ndiponso maganizo kuti kukhala ndi makhalidwe oipa kapena abwino zinthu izi. Komabe, tiyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti ngakhale zinthu kwambiri akumane sikuti kuyambitsa ntchito ndi mlandu. Chofunika limabweretsa chinthu anthu (dongosolo maganizo, zizoloŵezi, kudzipereka).

Criminogenic zinthu khalidwe ayenera kuzindikiridwa mwamsanga ndi kuwataya mothandizidwa ndi miyeso wapadera - ichi ndi yofunika mu kuyesetsa kuteteza ntchito ya milandu.

Nthawi zambiri pali mgwirizano wa malingaliro a "zinthu chigawenga" ndi "vutolo." Mu Mauwa, ku mfundo ya zamalamulo view, ayenera zinthu zina kuphatikiza zinthu zomwe zimathandiza kusamala mosamala mlandu kapena kukula (munthu genera kapena mitundu) mu dera linalake (Republic, mzinda kapena makamaka dera). Ndipo izi chimasiyanitsa izo kwa ganizo la zinthu chigawenga. Ngati woyamba apitiriza kapena kuvutika kale zinthu zoipa mu upandu, ndiye akuti chachiwiri limafotokoza bwino zinthu zimene zingachititse kuti kuchita ndi chilango ndi malamulo a boma, koma osati nthawi zonse.

Mu Russia, makamaka m'madera ena, vuto upandu amakhalabe kovuta.

Zikhulupiriro za alionse upandu ndi vuto chigawenga

funsoli ndithu pang'ono ankaona mabuku a malamulo. Koma nthawi zambiri, zinthu chigawenga ayenera kumvetsa ngati zosinthika zotheka ya upandu. Koma si onse, koma kuti kumene nkhani ndi cholinga chigawenga kapena unsembe asocial wayamba ntchito. Asayansi ena akunena kuti chidziwitso cha zinthu (upandu) ya upandu ikuchitika ndi makhalidwe azamalamulo ngati lingaliro chabwino kwambiri chokhumudwitsa kuyan'anila za gulu ena (monga kupanda makhalidwe kwa ana) ndi mavuto awo. Chidwi kwambiri ndi gulu la mafunso awa adzamvanso kulenga njira kufufuza payekha zochokera makhalidwe osiyana.

Magawo a zinthu chigawenga

Okwana pali atatu. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane.

1. Predkriminalnaya vuto - ndi njira yapadera zochitika ndi zinthu, nthawi ndi malo a chikhalidwe kuyan'anila za maubwenzi ndi anthu amene, kuchititsa modus operandi. Nthawi zambiri iwo amayambira pa kukhazikitsa kanthu kukonzekera: kukonzekera mokwanira ndi elaboration dongosolo, kusankha zida malo. Zimenezi adzakhala zimapanga akamanena predkriminogennoy zinthu ngati ali limafotokoza khalidwe la Nkhani chogwirizana.

2. Kwenikweni chigawenga. Kodi dongosolo maziko a zinthu ndi mavuto amene akuchitiridwa akuyendera mwa cholinga ndi oletsedwa. Zikuoneka mwachindunji mu nthawi imene ankachita nkhanza akuyamba.

3 pambuyo zinthu. Pamafunikanso zinthu zimene zikuchitikanso pambuyo ntchito kachitidwe chigawenga. Izi zikuphatikizapo obisika kapena chiwonongeko cha kuda ndi njira zina za kupewa udindo pa chigawenga.

Criminogenic vuto ndi chitetezo munthu

Kuyambira kugwera sinali bwino, zinthu palibe amene sangayesedwe. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri - ndi kusunga bata ndi chiletso cha m'maganizo. Ulamuliro yaikulu ya chitetezo tikafika zinthu criminogenic (pa msewu, mu malo onse , etc.) tingasonyezere mawu atatu: kuoneratu, kupewa kuchita zinthu.

The chikhalidwe chachikulu chitetezo - ndi kupewa mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi munthu wolakwayo. Choncho ndikofunika kukumbukira mfundo zazikulu ndi mfundo zina zabwino. zinthu Criminogenic zambiri mumaziona usiku, kumene kulibe anthu ambiri m'madera makomo, zikepe. Choncho musamade pa msewu usiku yekha. Khalani wodekha ndi chikhulupiriro, palibe zizindikiro za wovulalayo (maganizo, kutopa, kufooka, azilema thupi) ndi kuyesa kuti zikope tcheru cha matumba chachikulu ndi zodzikongoletsera mtengo. Pamene njira yosankhira, sankhani lomwe ndi wabwino koma osati wamfupi.

Upandu mu Russia si mkulu, chifukwa mu malo oyamba muyezo wa chikhalidwe ndi ntchito zachuma. Pamene mawu khola: kuchenjezedwa - ndi forearmed. Ngati lomwe mumakhala kapena zambiri kupita ku ntchito, ali ndi mbiri chigawenga, musanyalanyaze malamulo munthu chitetezo.