Kuitanitsa ndondomeko yothetsera mikangano mu khoti lokangana. Malangizo a zamalamulo

AIC imapereka njira zothetsera mikangano zosagwirizana. Kawirikawiri amalola anthu kuti azitha kugwirizana kuti athe kugwirizana. Tiyeni tipitirize kulingalira kuti dongosolo lachitukuko ndi lotani.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Njira yowonongeka yokhazikitsira ndondomeko yoweruza milandu yoweruza milandu (Article 5 para 4 ya APC) ikuwonetseratu ntchito zina zisanayambe kuvomerezedwa kwa bungwe lovomerezeka. Malingana ndi lamulo ili, ndilololedwa pamagulu ena a milandu. Lamulo lokangana, motero, silingalole kufikitsa kwachitidwe popanda kusunga kwake.

Nkhani

Ndondomeko yoyamba yamalamulo yothetsa mikangano ndi imodzi mwa njira zotetezera ufulu. Zimayeseranso kupeza chigwirizano chovomerezeka kwa omwe akugwira nawo ntchito zomwe zakhala zikuchitika musanatumizidwe ku bungwe lovomerezeka. Kuchita chiwombolo kumasonyeza kuti njira yothetseratu kusamvana ikuwonekera lero. Zimapangidwira ngakhale nthawi yomwe kumangidwa kwake sikunakhazikitsidwe ndi lamulo.

Zamkatimu

Ndondomeko yothetsera mikangano mu khoti lamilandu yotsutsana ikuchepetsedwa ku zotsatirazi. Wokongoza ngongoleyo (yemwe akufuna kubwerako) amapereka kwa wobwereketsa (wotsutsa) chofunika kuti akwaniritsidwe ndizovomerezedwa ndi lamulo. Zoterezi zimapangidwa mwa kulemba. Lili ndi chisonyezo cha udindo wokha ndi chikumbutso chakuti chiyenera kubwezeredwa. Wogulitsa ngongoleyo amapereka nthawi yokwanira kuti akwaniritsidwe. Atatumiza, amadikira yankho. Wokhoma ngongole akhoza kudzipereka yekha mwadzidzidzi udindo wake kapena kupereka malemba ake enieni. Ngati panalibe yankho lochokera kwa iye, ndipo udindowo sunalipidwe, ndiye kuti wogulitsa ngongole amatsatira ndondomeko yothetsera mikangano. Mu khothi la kukakamiza, nthawiyi idzakhala yofunika kwambiri pakukambirana nkhaniyi. Pofuna kuti wobwereketsayo atsogolere, nthawi yeniyeni iyenera kukhazikitsidwa, ndiko kuti, amene wobweza ngongoleyo akhoza kubwezera choyenera. Kuweruzidwa kumlandu kungaphatikizepo udindo wa wobwereketsa kuti agwiritse ntchito kwa akuluakulu ena a boma asanapereke mlandu.

Chikhalidwe chokhazikika

Ndondomeko yothetsera kuthetsa mikangano mu khothi la kukakamiza ndilololedwa, ngati izi zikufotokozedwa momveka bwino mulamulo kapena zakhazikitsidwa mu mgwirizano. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mndandandanda wa zochitika za federal zomwe zimapereka zowonongeka ndizowonjezereka. Zina mwa izo ndi Civil Code. Art. 452 chinthu chachiwiri chimapereka kuti lamulo lokhudza kuthetsa / kukonzanso mgwirizano likhoza kulengezedwa ndi wogwira ntchitoyo pokhapokha atalandira kukana kuchokera ku bungwe lina pazomwe akufunsapo kapena ngati yankho sililandiridwe muyeso. Ngati izi sizinayikidwe, ndiye ngati nthawi yobwereza, masiku 30 amavomerezedwa. Monga chitsanzo chapamwamba, Art. 797 CC. Malingana ndi chizoloŵezi, chisanachitike chilolezo chibweretsedwa kwa wonyamulirayo ndi chikhumbo chomwe chikuchokera ku mgwirizano wa kayendedwe ka katundu, wobwereketsayo akuyenera kuyang'anira njira yomwe akufunira pofuna kuthetsa mikangano. Mu khothi la kukakamiza, pempho lidzalingaliridwa ngati pokhapokha kukana kapena kukana kwathunthu bungwe lazinthu kulipira maudindo kapena kulephera kulandira yankho mkati mwa mwezi. Chofunikacho chiyenera kutumizidwa malinga ndi malamulo omwe athandizidwa ndi makalata oyendetsa katundu kapena mwalamulo.

Zomwe zimaperekedwa

Muzigawo zina ndi malamulo, zotsutsana zimatsutsana ndondomeko yothetsera. Mu khothi lokankhira milandu muzitsulo za akuluakulu ovomerezeka akutsogoleredwa ndi:

1. Chikhazikitso cha kayendedwe ka sitima ya 10.01.2003, № 18. Mu Art. 120, chizoloŵezi ichi chachizoloŵezi chimapereka kuti, asanatenge chigamulo ndi chofunikira cha wothandizira, chidziwitso chiyenera kupangidwa mosalephera. Tisaiwale kuti lamuloli likugwiritsidwanso ntchito pokhapokha ponyamula katundu wonyamula katundu, komanso katundu.
2. Code of Shipping Zamalonda. Muzojambula. 403 KTM yatsimikiziridwa kuti asanatumize milandu kukhoti, wobwereketsa ayenera kupereka ngongole kwa wobwereketsa.
3. Malamulo a madzi (mkati). Mwachizoloŵezi ichi, ndondomeko ya chidziwitso yakula kwambiri. Makamaka, Malamulo akunena kuti musanayambe suti yokhudzana ndi kunyamulira katundu, okwera, katundu, komanso kukopa malowa, nkofunikira kupereka umboni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi udindo. Makonzedwewa aikidwa mu Art. 161.
4. Air Code. Muzojambula. 124, ndime 3 Zatsimikiziridwa kuti chiyesocho ndi chofunikira pamaso pa kulembedwa kwa chigamulo kuphwanya malamulo a mgwirizano wa kayendetsedwe ka ndege katundu kapena makalata.
5. Chikhazikitso cha zoyendetsa galimoto. Pachifukwa cha 158 zatsimikiziridwa kuti asanatumize pempho la wotumiza / wotumiza kwa wothandizira (malonda kapena bungwe), pempholi liyenera kuperekedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, pali zotsutsana zina. Choyamba, lamulo ili silamulo la federal. Muzojambula. 5 yalamulo la Federal No. 71 lotsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa APC, limatsimikiziridwa kuti ndondomekoyi yisanayambe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa milandu yomwe inachitika isanavomerezedwe ndi lamulo la normative. Panthawiyi, pansi pa Federal Law No. 96, Chilamulo No. 71 chinadziwika kuti chaleka kukhalapo kuyambira pa September 1, 2002, kupatula Art. 9. Izi zikutsatira pa izi kuti luso lofotokozedwa pamwambapa. 5 nayenso alibe zotsatira zalamulo.
6. FZ No. 126 ndi 176. Muzojambula. 55 ndi luso. 37, motero, nkofunikira kutumiza kudandaula kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ngati akulephera kugwira ntchito kapena kulephera kutsatira malamulo ogwirizana ndi ntchito / ntchito.

Zapamwamba

Monga momwe chiwonetsero cha kuyanjanitsa chikusonyezera, sizingatheke konse kusiyanitsa pakati pa kubwezeredwa kwa mangawa kwa wobwereketsayo kwa wobwereketsa kuchokera ku chomwe chimatchedwa chenjezo ndi pempho. Zomalizazi zimakhala zofunikira, zomwe zimapanga maziko a ntchitoyo ndi phunziro la umboni. Zikatero, wobwereza angafune thandizo lovomerezeka lalamulo. Zina mwazochitika zomwe "machenjezo" otchulidwa pamwambawa akuwonetseratu, Civil Code iyenera kutchulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mu Art. 286 zakhazikitsidwa kuti bungwe la akuluakulu a boma kapena a boma, omwe ali ndi luso lokhazikitsa malo malinga ndi zifukwa zosonyeza Art. 284-285 ya Malamulo, komanso malamulo omwe asanalowetsedwe kwa eni eni omwe amapatsidwa zolakwa zawo, amaperekedwa ndi LC. Ngati mwini wa webusaitiyo amalembera mwa kulemba chilolezo chovomerezeka chomwe chinavomereza chisankhocho, mwa chilolezo, katundu wa malo ake angathe kugulitsidwa pamsonkhanowo . Ngati mwiniwakeyo akutsutsa ufulu wake, thupilo lomwe linapanga chisankho ichi ndiloyenera kulumikiza kukhoti.

Lamulo la msonkho

Lamulo loletsa chigamulo nthawi zambiri limadutsana ndi NK. Code Tax imapereka malamulo, malinga ndi zomwe, atapanga chisankho chokhala munthu wodalirika chifukwa cha kuphwanya kwake, wogwira ntchitoyo akugwira ntchito ndi pempho loti adzalandire chilango. Mpaka nthawiyo, kuyendera msonkho kumayenera kupereka wopereka kapena gawo lina kulipira ndalama zokwanira. Ngati kukana kwa wobwereketsa kukana, kapena ngati malipiro ake ataperekedwa, amatha kuyang'anira khoti.

Ф5 N ° 948-1 mwa RSFSR

Mwachizoloŵezi chomwechi (ndi kusintha komweku ndi kusintha) kutsogolera gawo la mpikisano ndi kulepheretsa zochitika zogonana, Art. 20 zatsimikiziridwa kuti ngati wodandaulayo sanalandire yankho kuchokera ku FAS pa pempho lake mkati mwa miyezi iwiri kapena sakuvomerezana ndi chigamulocho, angagwiritse ntchito kukhoti. Kuwerengera kwa nthawiyi kumachitika kuyambira tsiku lolandira ndi bungwe lovomerezedwa la chidziwitso choyenera kuchokera ku bungwe.

Malamulo a Patent

Malinga ndi Art. 21, nambala 9 ya Federal Law No. 3517-1 (ndi kusintha kovomerezedwa ndi kusintha), ngati chigamulo chopatsa chilolezo cha pulogalamu yachitsulo chikutsutsidwa kapena kukanidwa, ndipo ngati pempho likuchotsedwa, munthu wokondweretsedwayo akhoza kupandukira Khoti lovomerezeka pansi pa bungwe la federal Pakadutsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuyambira tsiku lovomerezedwa. Chigamulo cha pulojekitiyi chiyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi mutu wa zomangamanga zomwe zimapanga ntchito mu gawo la chidziwitso. Chigamulochi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira panthawi yomwe anabvomerezedwa ndipo akhoza kutsutsidwa kukhoti.

Misonkho yolipira

Mu Federal Law nambala 14, adanenedwa kuti ngati kusagwirizana pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitengo ya kutentha ndi magetsi, ogulitsa ndi ogula, mabungwe a magetsi a m'deralo ali ndi ufulu wogwiritsira ntchito ulamuliro wa Federal pa chisankho chawo. Mikangano yokhudzana ndi lamulo la boma la msonkho, kuphatikizapo zomwe sizingathetsedwe mu bungwelo, zimayang'aniridwa. Panthawiyi, Federal Law No. 38, izi zinaperekedwa. Nkhani zomwe zimadza potsatira lamulo la Federal Law No. 14 zidaperekedwa kwa Boma komanso bungwe lolamulira la boma kuti liziyang'anira zachilengedwe zachilengedwe. Malinga ndi akatswiri, izi sizikutanthauza kuti lamulo loyendetsa milandu lisanayambe kutsutsana ndi malamulo a Federal Law No. 14.

Code Code

Ntchito yachizoloweziyi inali ndi chaputala. 57, yomwe inapereka "kuyitanitsa koyambirira", yomwe, makamaka, inachititsa kuti chiyeso chisanachitike. Komabe, molingana ndi Art. 46 (ndime 1) ya Malamulo, kufotokoza kudandaula / kusamalidwa kwa kayendedwe ka miyambo kapena wogwira ntchitoyo sichikuphwanya ufulu wotsatira kapena panthawi imodzimodziyo kugonjera kugwiritsa ntchito zofananazo poyamba.

Maubale ogwirizana

Iwo angaperekenso njira zowonjezera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawu a mgwirizanowo ayenera kusonyeza kuti ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zidzathetsedwe motere. Monga lamulo, ochita nawo malondawo salemba chikalata chomwe chimapereka mgwirizano woyesa kutsogolo kwa maphwando. Kawirikawiri m'malemba a mgwirizano wapachiyambi pali kusungidwa kokha pa izi. Pakalipano, zochitika zonse zotsutsana ndi wothandizana nawo malingaliro a msonkhanowu silingaganizidwe. Pankhaniyi, kawirikawiri, ngakhale pali zofunikira zogwirizana ndi mgwirizano, anthu ophwanya malamulo amafunika kuthandizidwa ndilamulo.

Masewera

Ntchito yayikulu ya okhoma ngongole pakakhala mikangano ndi mapeto a mgwirizano pa mfundo zomwe zimapindulitsa okha. Mkhalidwe wa moyo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana kwambiri, motero, zifukwa zomwe wothandizana nawo anaphwanya mgwirizano, zingakhale zirizonse. Ngakhale zili choncho, anthu omwe ali ndi chikumbumtima mwalamulo pamakhalidwe awo amatha kupeza chiyanjano. Ndikoyenera kunena kuti izi ndi zopindulitsa kwa wobwereketsa, popeza mgwirizano wam'mbuyeso udzapulumutsa nthawi, khama ndi ndalama zowonongeka. Choyamba, muyenera kupanga bwino zofunikira zanu.

Makhalidwe a kusonkhanitsa

Zoterezi zimapangidwira, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, polemba. Malamulo sakhazikitsa zofunikira za zomwe zili m'bukulo. Komabe, izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Dzina la wopemphayo, deta yowunikira boma.
2. Adilesi ya bungwe.
3. Mabungwe amafuna.
4. Zomwe zimatumizira malonda. Zingakhale (malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha mgwirizano) kutayika kwapadera kapena kwathunthu kwa katundu, kuwonongeka kwa katundu, kusowa kwa katundu, kuchedwa kubereka ndi zina zotero.
5. Kukula kwa chidziwitso chadzinenera payekha, kulandira, chilolezo, khadi la ngongole, ndemanga, ndi zina.
6. Mndandanda wa zolemba zomwe zilipo pothandizira zofunikira.

Chotsutsacho chasindikizidwa ndi wopempha. Ngati nthumwi ikuchita kwa wobwereketsa, mphamvu zake ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu ya woweruza milandu.

Nthawi

Zimalinganiziridwa ndi zochita zambiri zachikhalidwe, zomwe ndizo zomwe zalembedwa pamwambapa. Malinga ndi Art. 123 ya Railway Charter, chidziwitso kwa chonyamuliracho chingaperekedwe mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ndipo ponena za chilango ndi malipiro - masiku asanu. Nthawi ya Art. 406 MWC. Izo zimagwirizana ndi lamulo la zoperewera za kupereka kwa milandu kukhoti. Chinthu chomwecho chiripo mu Art. 161 (ndime 4) ya Malamulo pa Madzi (Inland) Kutengerako. Ngati mwasokonezedwa ndi wonyamulira mpweya wa mgwirizano, malingaliro angaperekedwe mkati mwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Lamulo ili linakhazikitsidwa luso. 126 mwa Code loyenera. Njira yotumizira malingaliroyo iyenera kusankhidwa kotero kuti izi zikhoza kutsimikiziridwa pambuyo pake. Monga lamulo, anthu okondweretsedwa amatumiza ndi makalata ngati ma kalata olembedwa ndi kulembedwa kwa chidziwitso cholandira. Njira ina ndikuperekera payekha. Komabe, njira iyi si yotchuka kwambiri, chifukwa wothandizana naye akhoza kukana kusaina ndi kuvomereza zomwe akunenazo.

Yankhani

Makalata onse oyendetsa galimoto ndi olemba mabuku ali ndi udindo wowadziwitsa munthu amene wafunsira chisankhocho. Ngati sichikutchulidwa mulamulo kapena lamulo, malangizo a yankho ndi ufulu wa wothandizira. Zomwe zili zofunika zake zimatsimikiziridwa kokha m'malemba ena ovomerezeka. Mwachitsanzo, iwo ali mu Railway Charter mu Art. 124. Ngati wothandizirayo atha kukana kukwaniritsa zonenazo, yankho liyenera kukhala loyenera. Iyenera kufotokozera maumboni a zolemba za normative zomwe nkhaniyo inatsogoleredwa. Ngati chisankho chikupangidwira kukwaniritsa malingaliro, yankholo liyenera kukhala ndi kufotokoza momwe njirayo ikukwaniritsidwira. Kuonjezerapo, tchulani nthawi yomwe iwo ati adzaphedwe.

Zotsatira za kusagwirizana ndi zofunikira za malamulo

Malinga ndi Art. Chigamulo cha 7 cha APC, zilembedwe ziyenera kukhala zovomerezeka pazomwe zimatsimikiziridwa kuti wotsutsayo akutsatira ndondomeko ya chigamulo, ngati chikhazikitsocho chikhazikitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe kapena mgwirizano. Zotsatira za kusamvera malamulo awa ndizolembedwa mu Art. 128 p. 1 mwa Code. Ngati yakhazikitsidwa panthawi yomwe ntchitoyi inagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti idaphwanyidwa malamulo omwe atchulidwa mu Art. 125-126 ya malo agrarian ndi mafakitale, bungwe lovomerezeka limapereka chigamulo, chimene chikutsalira popanda kuyenda. Pogwirizana ndi izi, khotilo limakhazikitsa nthawi yomwe zolakwazo ziyenera kukonzedwa. Ngati munthu wokhudzidwayo asanathetse zofookazo, zomwe akufunazo ziyenera kubwerera. Ngati khoti loyankhira milandu, atalandira pempho loti apangidwe, likuwulula kuti ndondomekoyi siidatsatidwe ndi wotsutsa, zomwe akunena zimasiyidwa popanda kulingalira. Makonzedwe ameneŵa adakhazikitsidwa. 148 za zovuta zambiri.

Ndani ali ndi ufulu wodzinenera?

Mu makampani, monga ulamuliro, ithandiza kuti dipatimenti malamulo, amene ntchito monga chithandizo cha za malamulo ku kampaniyo. The ntchito antchito, mwa zina, madzulowo ndi ulaliki zofuna za kampani m'makhoti. Choncho, akatswiri ntchito ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana analandira kwa omanga, ndi mabungwe a boma. Pakali pano, drafting yomweyo zodzinenera ndipo sangakhoze m'gulu kuchuluka kwa ntchito zawo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti kusakhutira counterparties zikugwirizana malo osiyanasiyana kumalo a ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, kampani analandira kudandaula akuchedwa mu yobereka. Pakuti kutumiza katundu kukumana antchito nyumba yosungiramo katundu. Choncho, iwo akhoza kuzifotokoza chifukwa yobereka ndi anachedwa kapena M'malo mwake, kuloza ku invalidity zonena za. Vuto milandu ogwira ntchito ndi kuonanso kugwilizana ndi zofunika zolembedwa za malamulo. Choncho, antchito a mayunitsi zina la kampani udindo zinazake zimene amanena ndi analandira, ndiwo poyankha (kapena yekha ngati kulakwila chimakhulupirira ndi counterparty a). Katswiri Dipatimenti ya Zamalamulo limafufuza kulondola kwa kukonzekera, pamaso pa mfundo zonse chofunika anasaina.

anapezazo

pangano pakati pa gulu la zolowa yapachiweniweni nthawi kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa chiopsezo yeniyeni. Mulimonsemo, n'kutheka kuti, chilichonse zifukwa, ndi counterparty mwina kuphwanya mfundo za iwowo. Zikatero, sikuti kutsatira yomweyo akambirane. Choyamba tiyenera kuyesa kuthetsa mkangano popanda kuwaika chitetezo milandu. Nthawi zambiri, mwamuna ndi mkazi akhoza kupeza njira yothetsera. Nthawi kumene counterparties sindikufuna asintha, palibe china, koma kubweretsa chinthu. Nthawiyi, ngakhale atakhala mu kulingalira pa msonkhano woyamba wa zipani mkangano kuti achite kubwera kwa kukondera a. Ovomerezeka a pangano kuthetsa - njira ina kuthetsa vutolo.