Loyang'anira-Kupititsa gulu la Russia: History ndi Modernity

Administrative-Kupititsa magawano ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za maganizo "boma." Mchitidwe mayiko akutsogolera komanso chochitika osiyanasiyana a dziko lathu zikutsimikizira kuti mmene mwaluso anakonza mu mawu Kupititsa dziko zimatengera Inter zina zotere, chitukuko komanso umoyo ndi zachuma moyo wa nzika.

magulu Administrative zinthu zamakono ndi boma ndi malamulo mabungwe zovuta, umene amapereka zinthu zofunika ulamuliro wonse wa dera, komanso amatipatsa zofunika andale, maganizo ndi umoyo ndi zachuma maziko a chitukuko zina za anthu.

Loyang'anira-Kupititsa Chigawo cha nthawi Russian Ufumu, pafupifupi mmene lilili unakhazikitsidwa ngakhale pansi Catherine II. Inali nthawi ya ulamuliro wake dziko lonse unagawidwa zigawo 50, limene pamapeto anawagawa zigawo. M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti ntchitoyi-Kupititsa gulu la Russia pa nthawi imeneyo zinali zochokera osati chizindikiro cha dziko kapena aliyense wa m'mbiri, koma chiwerengero cha anthu. Choncho, kuchigawo unali mbali ya gawo, ndi anthu a anthu 300 ndi 400 zikwi.

Izi magawano m'zigawozo Russia anathamangitsa zolinga zingapo. Pa dzanja limodzi ndi madera awa akhala zosavuta kusamalira, powasunga otetezedwa ndi kukakamiza anthu wamba misonkho. Komano, pafupifupi nambalayi kwa anthu a dziko lapansi anabweretsa ku mawonedwe a misonkho, pafupifupi zofanana za msonkho, kotero imbalances amphamvu sanali mu chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma a m'madera ena. Pomaliza, achitatu, gulu la dziko, kuli anthu ndi oimilira dziko makamaka m'madera ochuluka anali, mogwirizana ndi boma chapakati, kuti kwambiri kuchepetsa chilakolako chawo cha ufulu ndi separatism.

Ndithu pa mfundo zina zolimba, akuchita utsogoleri-Kupititsa gulu la Russia, anasolola atsogoleri a nyengo ya Soviet. Pa dzanja limodzi, ali kutsogolo kuika kuthekera chuma kulekana madera ena zigawo, ndi pa zina, - atsogoleri a USSR ndi RSFSR, sanathe kotero kutsutsidwa kwa chokhumba cha angapo mitundu kupeza osachepera chikhalidwe ndi dera lawo kudziyimira pawokha . Nthawi zina mumaganiza izi sizigwirizana ndi mzake, zikubweretsa zosiyanasiyana kusintha kapangidwe m'zigawozo dziko.

Choncho, mu zaka zoyambirira za mphamvu Soviet pali njira ya disaggregation a zigawo akale mfumu, zimene zinachititsa kuti zikamera a m'madera monga Sverdlovsk, Cherepovets kapena Tsaritsynskaya. Komanso pa nthawi yomweyo panali latsopano yogwira maphunziro onse, amene lero anthu ochepa kumbukirani - kuyanjana wa ku Germany wa dera Volga, ku North Caucasus Republic, Chilituyaniya-Chibelarusi Republic ndi ena.

Zotsatira lonse boma komanso Kupititsa zosiyanasiyana anali m'malo mwa dongosolo bwino, zimene zinaphatikizapo atatu gawo kasamalidwe dongosolo: dera (Region) - District - malo. Pambuyo m'ma 1930s. districting ankaona nzeru, utsogoleri-Kupititsa gulu la RSFSR anatengera mawonekedwe imene analiko mpaka kugwa kwa USSR.

Kudulidwa m'zigawozo la Russia, popeza tinatengera zambiri kuchokera nthawi ya Soviet, izo zasintha onse quantitatively ndi qualitatively. Makamaka, mmalo mwa 16 mayiko yoyenda yokha anali mbali ya RSFSR, tsopano analipo 21 mabwalo Russian, ufulu ndi kumasulika amene kumadalira.

Pafupifupi onse zigawo yoyenda yokha, kupatulapo m'madera Ayuda ndi yoyenda yokha komanso analandira udindo wa mayiko, zikuchepa kuoneka pa madera ndi zigawo. Udindo watsopano wa anthu la Chitaganya cha Russia anatsindika osati lamulo ladziko anavomera mu 1993, komanso amgwirizano mapangano omwe anamaliza pakati pa Center ndi zigawo mwamsanga ndi 1990s.

Loyang'anira-Kupititsa gulu la Russia tsopano kudutsa ndi yovuta kwambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa, pa dzanja limodzi, ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri sangathe paokha kukwaniritsa udindo wawo, ndi pa zina - kotero kuti pali mavuto ndi kuopsa amaganiza Odzipatula angapo mayiko dziko.