Magwero zina mphamvu ndi tanthauzo lake

Mavuto masiku ano zokwanira. Ngakhale maulosi a yopeka, anthu akhala akulephera kugonjetsa njala ndi matenda matenda, ndi lero ndi kuopseza kumapha moyo ndi thanzi la anthu okhala padziko lapansi. Koma vuto lalikulu ndi kutopa chuma, zimene zimapereka mphamvu chitukuko chathu. Yankho akhale watsopano njira zopangira magetsi. Kodi mawu akuti izi?

Ndi chiyani icho?

Mwachidule, ndi sagwirizana nazo mphamvu - izo amenewa ndondomeko kukonzekera, amene si ntchito padziko lonse mafakitale ndi experimental ndi kokha akukonzekera ntchito onse padziko lonse. Koma mbali yaikulu ya njira zimenezi apeza mphamvu amakhala awo chitetezo chilengedwe chonse ndiponso renewability.

Awa akhoza zimachitika Mphepo mphamvu, mapanelo dzuwa, mphamvu okwerera ntchito mphamvu osefukira. Komanso, mu m'kalasi lomwelo akhoza zimachitika biogas zomera, komanso ntchito nthawi yaitali maofesi maphatikizidwe (ngakhale Tambasula a).

dzuwa

Izi magwero atsopano mphamvu chabe wachibale akuti, "atsopano" angatchedwe. chifukwa yekha kuti luso panopa wa dzuwa mphamvu mu dziko si nayenso anali ndi: amadza chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa mumlengalenga, maselo dzuwa akadali okwera mtengo kwambiri. Space - ndi nkhani ina. mapanelo dzuwa zilipo ndege onse ndi kupereka zipangizo ufulu mphamvu.

Sikuti amaganiza kuti "sagwirizana nazo" mphamvu kwachititsa anthu chidwi yekha mu nthawi yathu. Dzuwa - ndi zosadziwika gwero la kutenthako kuchokera kalelo. chitukuko china Sumer ntchito mphamvu pa madenga a nyumba, imene madzi usavutike pa yotentha chilimwe.

Mfundo kuyambira zinthu sizinasinthe kwambiri: mosavuta kukhala mphamvu uno wokha m'mayiko amene pali chipululu ndi malo otentha. Motero, mbali yaikulu ya Isiraeli ndi California mu United States amalandira mphamvu kwaiye mapanelo dzuwa. Ubwino wa njira imeneyi akusowa: ano maselo dzuwa ndi osiyana mkulu dzuwa, kotero kuti chaka chilichonse dzikoli lidzakhala kubala ndi oyera ndi otetezedwa bwino kwambiri mphamvu.

Mwatsoka, mtengo wa luso (monga ife tinanena) akadali mkulu, ndi kupanga mabatire ntchito ngati poizoni kuti tikambirane za ena a zachilengedwe ambiri amakhala odalirika. Yosiyanasiyana anabwera Japanese, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito magwero sanali ochiritsira ndi zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu kuchita.

zinachitikira Japanese

Inde, mapanelo dzuwa ndi zambiri kapena zochepa intensively ntchito Japan. Koma m'zaka za posachedwapa, iwo anabwerera ku mchitidwe wa zaka chikwi wa mbiri: pa madenga a nyumba anaika akasinja ndi mapaipi a madzi akuda amene usavutike ndi dzuwa. Popeza vuto lalikulu mphamvu mu fuko lino chilumba, kulandira ndalama yokulirapo.

Pa nthawi, akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti 2025 dzuwa mphamvu adzatenga malo pabwino kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri. Mwachidule, ntchito magwero mphamvu zina pa zaka 50-70 ayenera kukhala waukulu.

biogas

akuluakulu midzi anthu onse kuyambira nthawi makedzana anakumana ndi vuto wamba - zinyalala. Lonse zimbudzi mtsinje anakhala kwambiri pamene munthu ng'ombe ndi nkhumba ndipo anayamba massively kukula izo.

Pamene zinyalala sanali kwambiri, iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito manyowa m'minda. Koma pa nthawi imene anthu ambiri a nkhumba yomweyo kuyamba mu mamilioni, kunali koyenera kuti mwanjira vutolo. Mfundo ndi kuti ndowe za mitundu nyama mu mawonekedwe atsopano ndi chabe angaononge zomera. Kuti iwo zothandiza, m'pofunika kukhala slurry, aerate, ndipo mwina ntchito mankhwala kuti ziziyenda mlingo pH. Ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.

Biogas - ndi azimuth wakale!

Asayansi m'malo mofulumira anafotokoza zimene zinachitikira China wakale ndi India, komwe zambiri BC anthu anayamba ntchito dziko opangidwa pa chimbudzi cha zinyalala banja. Ndiyeno ntchito makamaka kuphika.

zomvetsa gasi zinali zazikulu kwambiri, koma wosalira izo homuweki zokwanira. Mwa njira, m'mayikowa, njira amenewa mwachangu ntchito lero. Choncho, biogas monga magwero mphamvu zina mungathe lalikulu, ngati ife tikuyandikira nkhaniyi ndi ntchito ya umisiri wamakono.

luso wakhala akufuna mabizinezi zinyalala processing ziweto, chifukwa cha zomwe linanena bungwe ndi oyera dziko. Vuto la chitukuko ndi chilengedwe cha makampani ngati angakhoze kokha mu madera otukuka nyama. Komanso, ziyembekezo za kuwonjezeka kupanga biogas n'chozama, wamkulu pa munda ntchito maantibayotiki ndi detergents kuti ngakhale ochepa kumabwezera mmbuyo nayonso mphamvu, chifukwa mu manyowa onse ali ndi nkhungu.

magudumu mphepo

Kumbukirani Don Quixote ndi "ziphona"? Ganizo ntchito mphamvu mphepo akhala zipolopolo maganizo a asayansi, koma chifukwa posachedwapa anapeza njira: makina oyendera mphepo anayamba kupereka kukula mofulumira m'tawuni ya ufa mkulu amasankha.

Kumene, pamene woyamba jenereta ya magetsi, maganizo a asayansi kachiwiri kutenga lingaliro lomwelo. Ndingachitirenji samafuna ntchito mphamvu mphepo kupanga ufulu mphamvu?

Mfundo imeneyi msanga anali kuchita, koma chifukwa Japan, Denmark, Ireland ndi United States madera tsopano ambiri kumene ya magetsi ndi 80 peresenti kapena kuposa ikuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito mphepo turbines. Mu United States ndi Israel, lero kale kuposa makampani khumi kuti kukhala ndi kuika mphepo magudumu - ichi ndi zingamuthandize kwambiri njira zopangira magetsi. Tanthawuzo la "atsopano" si bwino kwambiri, popeza mphepo kale.

Mavuto mu nkhani zawo nawonso akusowa. Kumene, magetsi analandira kwaulere, koma kukhazikitsa ndi windmill kachiwiri kukhala ndi malo m'chipululu, mmene anthu ambiri chaka ndi mphepo. Komanso, mtengo wa zotsimikizira ndi khazikitsa mkulu-mphamvu jenereta (ndi mlongoti pamwamba pa makumi angapo mamita), anthu masauzande ambiri a ndalama. Choncho kukwanitsa "ufulu" magetsi mulole si mayiko onse limene kuthekera kwa m'badwo wa mphepo mphamvu panopa ali weniweni.

maphatikizidwe mphamvu

Izi ndi maloto lenileni la sayansi zambiri zamakono. kutsitsa nyukiliya anachita ntchito inayambika mu 50s Mu zaka zapitazo, koma lizigwira riyakitala anali sanalandire konse. Komabe, uthenga amadzibisa a chidaliro ndithu: ofufuza amasonyeza kuti mu zaka 20-30, iwo adzatha kulenga zinachitika ntchito.

Mwa njira, chifukwa nthambi izi za sayansi ndi wofunika kwambiri? mfundo ndi yakuti pamene ma atomu aŵiri a hydrogen ndi helium opangidwa mu masauzande mphamvu maulendo ngati unatha masauzande ochepa ureniamu mtima! M'matangadza wa zinthu transuranic ndinu wamkulu, koma iwo pang'onopang'ono kuti zatha. Ngati ntchito kupanga mphamvu wa hydrogen, izo amaika yekha pa dziko zokwanira kwa mazana a zaka masauzande ambiri.

Tayerekezerani riyakitala yaying'ono kuti akhoza kugwira ntchito popanda refueling zaka zambirimbiri, kwathunthu kupereka magetsi yaikulu mlendo m'munsi! Zisudzo zopangira magetsi zina - ichi ndi mwayi wothandiza anthu onse, kupereka mwayi kukhazikitsa chachikulu malo kufufuza.

Mwatsoka, kuperewera ndi ukadaulo kwambiri. Choyamba, pali konse kapena kucheperapo zinachitika ntchito ndi patsogolo malangizo akhala kwambiri, nthawi yayitali. Kuyambira pamenepo, pang'ono anamva patsogolo ena kwenikweni.

Kachiwiri, ndi maphatikizidwe wa mtima kuwala anapanga yaikulu ya neutrons kuwala. Ngakhale kuwerengetsera akhakula kusonyeza kuti zinthu za riyakitala mu zaka zisanu chabe, moti nyukiliya kuti zipangizo awo adzawonongedwa, kwathunthu yankhanza. Mwachidule, njira imeneyi amakhala opanda ungwiro, koma chiyembekezo zake ndi yosokoneza. Komabe, ngakhale ali wowona osachepera Chiyerekezo yankhaza, izi sagwirizana nazo njira mphamvu gwero akanatha kukhala chipulumutso chenicheni lonse la chitukuko chathu.

okwerera mafunde

The nthano za anthu a dziko mungapeze zambiri zokhudza mphamvu la Mulungu kuti atsogolere mafunde. Man ouziridwa mphamvu kukayikitsanso chachikulu chimene akhoza kuyendetsa matupi ngati madzi.

Kumene, ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale anthu asiya maso ake pa mphamvu osefukira kuti amaloledwa kulenga mphamvu, makamaka kubwereza lingaliro kwa nthawi yaitali anayesedwa ndi bwino kutsimikiziridwa HPP. Ubwino - wotchipa mphamvu, pakalibe okwana zinyalala zoipa ndi kufunika dziko anasefukira, monga momwe zilili ndi zomera hydropower. The drawback - kukwera mtengo kwa yomanga.

anapezazo

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, tikhoza kunena kuti sanali ochiritsira zopangira magetsi zongowonjezwdwa akhoza kukhala pafupifupi 70% kupereka anthu ndi magetsi zotchipa komanso oyera, koma ntchito zawo misa m'pofunika mtengo wa luso kuchepetsa.