Mapiri a Austria: mayina, kutalika. Geography ya Austria

Gawo lamapiri la Austria ndi lokongola kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi atsopano, osati mchere wambiri komanso mitsinje, komanso m'madzi ambiri a alpine.

Pafupi ndi dziko lokongola kwambiri, za mapiri omwe ali ku Austria, zomwe ziri zodabwitsa, mukhoza kuzipeza mwa kuwerenga nkhaniyi.

Ku Austria, pali malo ambiri odabwitsa, odabwitsa ndi kukongola kwake kosadabwitsa. Makamaka zimakhudza mapiri ake ambiri. M'munsimu mudzaona zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pamapiriwa akukopa chidwi cha alendo ndi alendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Pang'ono pang'ono za Austria

Tisanaphunzire dzina la mapiri ku Austria, tidzatha kudziwa zofunikira zawo, tidzakambirana zambiri zokhudza malo omwe dzikoli lilili.

Austria ili ku Central Europe. Malo ake ndi 83 859 square mamita. Km, kuphatikizapo malo osungiramo zachilengedwe amakhala pafupifupi 1 120 square meters. Km, ndi mapiri - pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya gawo lonselo.

Limadutsa Austria ndi Switzerland ndi Liechtenstein kumadzulo; Kumpoto ndi Germany ndi Czech Republic; Kum'maŵa ndi Hungary ndi Slovakia; Kumwera ndi Italy ndi Slovenia. Malire onse a malire ndi makilomita 2,563.

Malo okongola a zachilengedwe ku Austria amachititsa chidwi alendo komanso oyendayenda. Ndipo gawo lofunika kwambiri pa izi ndi mapiri, omwe ndi mapiri okwera kwambiri ku Austria otchedwa Grossglockner (kutalika kwake ndi mamita 3,798 pamwamba pa nyanja).

Mwa tsatanetsatane, tilongosola zina mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri.

Mapiri a Austria: chidziwitso chodziwika

Malinga ndi mapu, opangidwa pamaziko a satana, gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a gawo la boma likukhala ndi mapiri ang'onoang'ono a mapiri a Eastern Alps, omwe akugwirizanitsa ndi maunyolo a sublatitudinal. Chigawo cha mapiri chimakhudzidwa ndi mpumulo wa mapiri a kumadzulo kumtunda wa mamita 3,500 (Grossglockner - 3798 mamita), ndipo kummawa ndi pang'ono mpaka - mamita 2,400. Mphepete mwa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa amapezeka pamtunda wa mamita 2800.

Mapiri ena a Austria ali ndi glaciers (mwachitsanzo, Pasternz, omwe kutalika kwathunthu ndi 9 km). Makoma a kum'mwera ndi kumpoto axial a kum'mawa kwa Alps akuzunguliridwa ndi zitunda zapansi, zomwe zimadziwika ndi malo otsetsereka otsetsereka, kutsetsereka ndi kukula kwa karsts. Kumpoto m'mphepete mwa Alps, ntchentche zotchedwa flysch zimagonjetsa ponseponse.

Mu Austria, madera a kum'mwera kwa Alps amadziwika ndi zigwa zazikulu (mitsinje Enns, Saltskh, Inn, etc.), ndipo m'mapiri a kum'maŵa amaimiridwa ndi mabeseni (Klagenfurt, Graz, etc.).

Kumadera akummawa kwa gawo la boma kuli chigwa cha Styrian-Burgenland (mbali ya chigwa cha Sredne Dunaiskaya), akutsikira kuchitsime cha Vienna. Kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa kuli malo otsika a Waldviertel, Murphyertel, Weinfirtel, ndi ena. Pakati pawo ndi kum'mawa kwa Alps pali chigawo chophatikizana ndi mipando ya Danube.

Pita ndi phiri la Gerlospass

Mapiri a Austria ndi okongola kwambiri, koma imodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ku Salzburg ndi Gerlospass. Kuchokera pamtunda wa phiri lalikulu (mamita 1500) kumapanga malo okongola kwambiri a paki.

Iyi ndi malo abwino kuti muzisangalala. Pano mukhoza kupita kukadyera kakang'ono kokondweretsa. Ndipo mungathe kukhala momwemo panja, kuphatikiza chakudya ndi mwachidule za malo okongola a ku Austria. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito galimoto yamakono, yomangidwa mu 2010.

Mwa anthu ammudzi muno, kuyenda mozungulirana ndi njinga kumakonda kwambiri. Pambuyo pa kuyenda pamapiri - kupindula kwakukulu ndi mpweya wozizwitsa woyera ndi mtundu wa maphunziro (mayeso opirira).

Mount Kapuzinerberg

Mapiri a ku Austria ali ndi zochitika zambiri zochititsa chidwi m'mbiri yakale. Kupatulapo sikunapatsidwa vertex. Amakwera mamita 640 pamwamba pa nyanja ndipo ili kum'mawa kwa mtsinje. Salzach. Kupatula phirili ndi Museum ya Salzburg.

Kuwonjezera apo, pamwamba pa phiri ndi Monastery Katolika wa Order of the Capuchins, yomangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVI-XVII pa malamulo a Wolf Dietrich von Reitenau (bishopu). Ikugwirabe ntchito.

Kuti akachezere alendo, tchalitchi cha amonke chimatsegulidwa, kumene misonkhano imapezeka nthawi zonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti amonkewa adachoka ku nyumba ya amonke mu 1938 potsatira malamulo a A. Hitler, amene ankafuna kumanga masewera pa webusaitiyi, koma zolinga zake sizinachitike. Kuyambira mu 1945, moyo ku nyumba ya amonke yakhala ikuyenda mumsewu wamba.

Pamapiri a Kapuzinerberg palinso malo ena ochititsa chidwi a mbiri yakale: khoma lolimba kwambiri (tsopano lili ndi malo ogulitsa); Nyumba yomwe Stefan Zweig anakhalamo m'ma 1930, ndi zina zotero.

Mönchsberg

Mönchsberg, monga mapiri ena a ku Austria, ali ndi kutalika kwa mamita 540. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mapiri asanu omwe ali ku Salzburg. Amalekanitsa gawo lamakono la mzindawo kuchokera kukale (kumbali ya kumanzere kwa mtsinje wa Saltsah).

Phirili liri ndi nkhalango mbali imodzi, pambali pake limapachikidwa ndi miyala yake pamsewu. Iyi ndi imodzi mwa malo otchuka kwambiri oyendayenda pakati pa anthu a m'tawuni, makamaka ngati n'zotheka kukwera kwa munthu aliyense (okwera ntchitoyo). Imapereka zithunzi zochititsa chidwi za mzindawo. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti msewuwu, womwe unapyozedwa mu thanthwe kuyambira mu 1767, ndi umodzi mwa akale kwambiri ku Ulaya.

Ndipo pa Mönchsberg muli nyumba zingapo zokondweretsa: nyumba yaing'ono Johanneschoss (mbali ya nyumba ya amonke m'zaka za m'ma XIV); Nyumba yaing'ono ya pa Marketplace Shelf (ku Middle Ages munali nyumba, ndipo tsopano ndi malo ophunzitsira); Schloss Menchstein (yemwe poyamba anali kumanga University of Salzburg, tsopano hotelo); Museum of Art Modern (mu ntchito kuyambira 2004). Chifukwa cha kukongola kwachilengedwe, komanso zochitika zofanana ndi zochitika zakale, Austria imakopa chidwi.

Phiri la Großglockner

Wopambana kwambiri ku Austria ndi Großglockner, phiri lomwe limakwera mamita 3,798 pamwamba pa nyanja. Nyanja ndipo ili pakati pa Tyrol ndi Carinthia. Pa phazi lake pali Pasternse yaikulu kwambiri, yomwe kutalika kwake ndi makilomita 9.

Ku malo okongola kwambiri amenewa ndi Großglockner Hochalpenstrasse. Inatsegulidwa mu 1935. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Austria likupezekanso ndi alendo ambiri omwe akufuna kukachezera.

Kufuna kudziwa za iye komanso mbiri ya zomangamanga.

Vuto lachuma pambuyo pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ndi kukula kwa mikangano ya dziko kunayambitsa kuwonongedwa kwa ufumu wa Austro-Hungary. Panthaŵi imeneyo dziko la Austria linataya Czech Republic, Hungary, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Slovenia ndi zina zotero. Chotsatira chake chinali kutsika kwa chuma, kutayika kwa misika yapadziko lonse, kuchepa kwa kotala la zopangidwa.

Kenaka, msewu wapamwamba kwambiri unalengedwa, umene umayenera kupereka ntchito kwa anthu ambiri osagwira ntchito ndi kuonetsetsa kuti ndalama za boma zimachokera kuntchito yake.

Pang'ono ponena za zomera

Austria, mapiri, Alps ndi osagwirizana. Madera a Alps amatchedwa dera.

Zotsatira za zochitika zachilengedwe zapadera komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa mikhalidwe imeneyi motsogoleredwa ndi munthu lero ndi zomera zosayembekezereka za malo awa. Makamaka lamba la pansi (kufika mamita 1000 mamita) ndilosiyana kwambiri mmunda wa zomera ndi nyengo yake. Mkhalidwe wa gawo lino la Alps uli pafupi ndi zikhalidwe za zigwa pafupi ndi izo. Mbali ya kumwera imadalira nyanja ya Mediterranean, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera.

Gawo la kumadzulo limaphatikizapo nkhalango, mitengo ya beech ndi mabokosi (pamtunda), mbali ya kumpoto imaphatikizapo nkhalango zowonjezereka pa nthaka ya podzolic, ndipo mbali ya kummawa imayimira nkhalango. Uwu ndiwo mzere wochepa kwambiri wa anthu, womwe unasintha kwambiri chivundikiro chake cha zomera, chotchedwa lamba wachikhalidwe cha Alps.

Kutsiliza

Dzina la mapiri ku Austria ndi lochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'mbiri yakale. Mmodzi wa iwo akugwirizana ndi zochitika zinazake za mbiriyakale kapena mayina odziwika bwino.

Alps a ku Austria ndi okongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, nkhalango zobiriwira komanso mazira a buluu ndi matalala. M'miyezi yotentha kwambiri m'chilimwe, makamaka kuphulika kwachangu kwa njoka zamapiri kumayambira pano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chigumula chichitike. Chifukwa cha iwo pa Danube, madzi nthawi zina amatha kufika mamita 8-9.