Hokkaido Island, Japan: kufotokoza, mfundo, chidwi mfundo ndi ndemanga

Japan - Dziko lomwe ndi limodzi mwa ambiri ankakonda mwa apaulendo ambiri. Wokongola chikhalidwe cha Japan, mbiri yake yapadera olemera ndi chikhalidwe wapadera kukopa anthu ambiri ochokera ku dziko lonse lapansi.

malo mbali pansipa lapansi mwachirengedwe ngodya ndi kuti onse ambiri easterly ndi chilumba kumpoto kwa Japan zilumba.

Japan Hokkaido

Chilumba wachiwiri kukula kwa Japan. Kumpoto kwenikweni kwa mfundo zake kwambiri, komanso mu Japan - Cape soya wolemera, ndi kum'maŵa - Cape nosappu-Salem.

Wapafupi oyandikana chilumba - Honshu, ankasiyana ndi Tsugaru Khwalala. Madzi a m'Nyanja Okhotsk kusamba gombe ake kumpoto, nyanja ya Japan - Western, ndi Pacific Ocean - kum'mawa.

Honshu - chilumba cha Hokkaido zikuluzikulu. Poyamba, iye ankatchedwa Hondo ndi Nippon. Izo zimapanga 60% ya malo m'dziko lonselo. Koma Hokkaido, mmodzi wa 4 zilumba waukulu wa Japan, zabwino anasunga primeval chikhalidwe. About 10% ya m'gawo lake ndi wotanganidwa ndi zinyama (20 okwana). Choncho, ndiko kuchimake kwa Hokkaido ecotourism.

Dera la chilumba cha Hokkaido ali ndi malo okwana pa 83.453 km2.
Iwo amakhala anthu 5,507,456 (malinga ndi ziwerengero 2010).

A mwachidule mbiri ya chilumba cha Hokkaido

Kupita ku Hokkaido m'dera unayamba pafupifupi 20 chikwi. Zaka zapitazo. M'masiku amenewo Ainu anakhala pano - mwa anthu amakezana m'zilumba Japanese. Mbiri ya chitukuko cha chilumba Japanese akadali akuzisunga zosiyanasiyana yaikulu masamu. Baibulo limatchula koyamba kudziwika ofufuza-asayansi masiku athu, chidachitika pa masamba a "Hong Shoki" - chipilala Japanese olembedwa, m'ma chitatu BC

Pali chiphunzitso zofala kuti Vatarishima chilumba (za iye ndi amene amatchulidwa mu amafotokoza izi) ndi Hokkaido, limene dzina kokha mu 1869.

The Islands (Ainu) ankachita pa nsomba ndi kusaka nthawi, ndipo panthaŵi asapita malonda ndi zilumba wapafupi, anawapatsa mwayi opereka okha ndi mpunga ndi chitsulo.

Wamtendere chete moyo iwo inatha mu zaka XIV-XV, pamene Japanese pang'onopang'ono anayamba kukhazikika mu chilumba loyandikana Oshima (ku Hokkaido kum'mwera kumadzulo). Iwo anali azitengapo anatenga Ainu, zomwe zachititsa kuti nkhondo kuti inatha mu 1475, pamene mtsogoleri wawo anaphedwa.

Pa heyday cha ulamuliro wa Prince Matsumae, malo amene zili makamaka pa za. Oshima, Hokkaido chilumba pang'onopang'ono anakhala gawo la chuma chawo. Kachiwiri, kuchokera ku chilumba anathyola nthaŵi yaitali kulimbana kwa mbadwa wamba ndi Japanese. Ainu anapandukira mpaka theka 2 zaka za m'ma 18, koma palibe zotsatira za zimenezi si anabweretsa. Japanese molimba unachitikira chilumba zofunika mu manja awo, onse makamaka pamene pali adakali mwayi wa Russian kuukira kuchokera kumadzulo.

Mu 1868-1869 gg. Hokkaido Ezo panali Republic paokha, amene analengeza atasamukira ku chilumba zikwi nkhondo, osankhidwa pambuyo chisankho choyamba cha mutu Japanese la Republic - E. asilikali Takeaki.

Mfumu ..silinaona mwankhanza chonchi m'madera awo, ndipo mu March 1869 ku Republic of Ezo linathetsedwa, ndipo mtsogoleri wawo anali olakwa.

mavuto pachilumbacho mu 1945, pamene madera ake anali ndi bomba loopsa. Chifukwa, lowonongeka m'matawuni ambiri ndi m'midzi.

Relief ncho mchere

Hokkaido chisumbucho chiri makamaka lamapiri mtunda. Anthu oposa theka la gawo lawo wotanganidwa ndi mapiri, mpumulo aphimbidwa ndi zigwa. Mountain zitunda (Hidaka, Tokachi neri Al.), Elongated mu njira submeridional. The chimbuzi cha Hokkaido - phiri Asahi (okwera mamita 2290). Chilumba 8 mapiri, mmene ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, apa, monga Japan, zivomezi zimachitika.

Ncho pa chisumbu cha khala zovuta, zitsulo ndi sulfure.

Cities ndi mitundu zikuchokera anthu

Hokkaido (Prefecture) administratively anawagawa 14 kum'mwera prefectures.
Chilumba likulu - Sapporo, ndi anthu a anthu 1,915,542 (malinga 2010 ziwerengero chaka).

Sapporo - waukulu kwambiri Hokkaido. Ku zilumba Kuril ankasiyana Straits wa ukathyali wake ndi Kunashir.

Major mizinda ya chilumba - Muroran, Tomakomai, Otaru. The zikuchokera mitundu ndi losavuta: Japanese - 98,5% ya chonse cha anthu, Korea - 0.5%, Chinese - 0.4% ndi mitundu ina (kuphatikizapo Ainus) - 0,6 yekha%.

Mitsinje ndi nyanja

Yaikulu mtsinje chilumba - Ishikari (kutalika 265 Km) ndi Tokachi (kutalika 156 km).
nyanja yaikulu - Sikotsu, Toya ndi Kuttyaro (Chigwa) ndipo akuti sar (chiyambi lagoon). Pali kwambiri kuchuluka kwa Hokkaido ndi zazing'ono nyanja chiphala amene anadyetsedwa akasupe mchere otentha.

nyengo

Hokkaido lili ndi nyengo pang'ono wosiyana kuposa m'madera ena Japan. Apa, pafupifupi pachaka kutentha ndi +8 yekha ° C. Chifukwa cha kuyandikana kwa Pacific Ocean m'madera izi kwa chaka ndi avareji masiku zonse 17 zokha dzuwa. Koma nthawi yotentha pali pafupifupi 149 mvula, ndi yozizira - za 123 chisanu masiku.

Ndipo komabe, monga Japanese mfundo yotentha nyengo pachilumba cha Hokkaido, drier ndi yozizira - aakulu kuposa m'madera ena a dziko.

Inde, ndi mfundo "kumpoto" mu Hokkaido ndi wachibale ndithu. Mwachitsanzo, mzinda wa Wakkanai ili kumpoto kwambiri kwa chilumbachi, yomwe ili kum'mwera kwa mzinda wa Paris. Ambiri, chilumba cha Japan imatengedwa "ankhanza North."

Flora ndi zinyama

Ambiri zomera Hokkaido nkhalango coniferous (Oil ndi spruce), interspersed ndi nsungwi (kutenga 60% wa chisumbucho). Pine, nkhalango birch ndi chitsamba chilichonse heaths wamba mu mapiri.

Mwa nyama pali nkhandwe, zimbalangondo, sable, ermine ndi weasels. Onse a zilumba Japanese (Hokkaido pakati pawo) asezare dziko n'zosadabwitsa osiyanasiyana a mbalame ndi madzi awo m'mphepete mwa nyanja muli mitundu ya nsomba.

zowoneka

Kodi chidwi, kupatula chikhalidwe chodabwitsa wapadera, akhoza kuziona pa chilumba cha Hokkaido? Traveler Reviews pa chilumba chimenechi pofuna kuti ndi za lonse la Japan, zabwino kwambiri.

Mu Sapporo, pali malo angapo lodziwika: koloko nsanja ya dzina chomwecho - ndi imodzi mwa nyumba ochepa wotsalayo za m'ma mochedwa 19 mu American kalembedwe atsamunda; Botanical Garden ndi gawo osungidwa kwa nkhalango zachilengedwe zomwe kamodzi anathyola malo a mzinda; Odori Boulevard; TV Tower (kutalika mamita 147); Mountain Capelin makilomita 8 kuchokera likulu; mowa owonetsera zakale (kamodzi pa fakitale kupanga ake); Nakajima Park.

Mu mzinda wa Hakodate kumeneko pyatibastionnaya Linga (1864); Obisika Koryudzi; Mpingo wa Kuukitsidwa kwa Ambuye ndi Mpingo wa Katolika Momomati; Obisika Higashi Honganji.

Pachilumbachi pali Hokkkaydo National Parks: shikotsu-tōya malo osungirako zachilengedwe, Kushiro-Sitsugen, Chiakani, Shiretoko, Rebun ndi Rishiri Island-Tayseiudzan. Parks quasi - Hidaka, Abashiri, Onuma, prefectural zachilengedwe paki Akkeshi.

Pomaliza, pang'ono mfundo zosangalatsa

• Poyamba ankaganiza kuti Hokkaido - Russian chilumba. Japan sankafuna chidwi kapena Kuril Islands, Sakhalin ngakhalenso pamaso pa zaka za m'ma 18. Island kale mu Japan mwalamulo ankaona gawo mlendo. Mu 1786 anafika Japanese kukumana ndi anthu am'deralo, ndi ankavala Russian mayina ndi mayina. Amenewa anali makolo a Ainu kwambiri, amene anatenga kamodzi nzika Russian ndi ziphunzitso m'zaka za m'ma 18. Ainu anthu ankakhala moyo pa dera la Russia (Sakhalin, kum'mwera kwa Kamchatka ndi Kuril Islands). fuko lino ndipo ali ndi mbali - maonekedwe European. Today ku Japan zilipo pafupifupi 30 000 a ana awo, koma iwo sakanakhoza kutengera ndi Japanese nthawi yaitali iyi.

• The Sapporo Snow Chikondwerero umachitika chaka chilichonse, omwe anali koyamba mu 1950. Mtundu uwu wa chionetsero cha kanjedza chisanu.

• Mu Hokkaido ambiri akasupe kwakukulu. The chidwi kwambiri awa ndi Dzigokudani (Dolina Ada). Pa malo pali geysers zambiri, nthawi zina mumakhala wosangalala pamwamba pansi.

• M'dera ake Hokkaido pafupifupi wofanana ndi gawo Austria.

• Kuyambira mu 1859 mu Sapporo ukugwira mpingo Orthodox, anamanga mphamvu ya Russian Church Mission - Mpingo wa Kuukitsidwa kwa Ambuye. Popeza 1983, izo mwalamulo wa cholowa chikhalidwe Japan.