Mapu chidziwitso: lingaliro kafukufuku, makamaka

Kodi mapu chidziwitso, kodi ankafufuza zimene yodziwika ndi udindo unachita mu moyo maganizo a munthu - kwa nkhani ino.

mapu chidziwitso chiyani?

Man, kusinthasintha kwa dziko mwachangu otembenuka n'kuyamba mwa iwo okha makhalidwe ofunika ndi makhalidwe amene angamuthandize bwino. Chilichonse chimene chikuchitika, zimene zimachitika pakati pa mutu ndi kuti amasintha n'kukhala maziko maonekedwe a zithunzi za malo okhudza malo. chithunzi ichi mapu chidziwitso. Ngati munthuyo, mapu amasonyeza zotengera malingaliridwe ndi wapadera udindo wake ndi malo ake a zinthu mu chithunzi.

Chidziwitso Map (kapena chiwembu chidziwitso) ali ndondomeko ake okhudza malo (mmwamba, pansi ndi zina zotero. D.) Mu amene zinthu anakonza. Map wofunika kwambiri kwa anthu, polola kuti kuyenda mu mlengalenga, ndi zolinga ndi kuzikwanitsa. Othandiza ntchito ya munthu kungakhale kovuta kwambiri kapenanso kosatheka popanda kupereka zinthu zimene mozama.

mapu chidziwitso imakhala osati akulu ndi kulankhula patsogolo ndi luso kudzimvera zakuthambo. Ana monga zogona kafukufuku akhoza kuyenda popanda thandizo. Sikuti khalidwe chibadidwe nyama anatsegulidwa mu njira ya ntchito experimental ndi zamaganizo.

Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha

Lingaliro la "mapu chidziwitso" adapempha ndi American zamaganizo E. Tolman. Izi zinachitika mu mochedwa 40 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. Ntchito zake "mapu chidziwitso mu makoswe ndi anthu," Powafotokozera zotsatira za kafukufuku zoyenera zodabwitsazi. Choncho, zamaganizo ananena kuti makoswe anayikidwa mu ndikuyenda ndi apeza njira ina kuti wodyetsa, akhoza kubwereza njira yomweyo ndi kusambira. Choncho, iwo ntchito monga mapu mkati, magalimoto dongosolo.

chiwembu tichipeza mu okhalapo anapatsidwa psyche, pa maziko a zinachitikira m'mbuyomu. Amakhala mwa njira, mchitidwe wa miyambo ya chilengedwe, zomwe zikukhudza bwanji khalidwe la munthu kapena nyama. Ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti makoswe experimental unakhazikitsidwa kachitidwe, kachitidwe okhudza zinthu, osati chabe kuloweza unyolo zochita kutero. Kuti akonze analogue maganizo a makadi thupi, Tolman akufuna kutseka maso anu ndi kulingalira momwe mazenera ambiri pali chipinda ena.

Maps Tolman chiphunzitso kuzindikiridwa ngati mwachindunji, zophiphiritsira chabe, ndi kusiyanitsa iwo ku machitidwe chizindikiro analenga munthu, amene amakhala.

Ena mfundo za phunziroli

Kafukufuku wasonyeza ena mumaganiza khalidwe mu mapangidwe mapu chidziwitso:

• chizolowezi Musaone mtunda bwino ndi kuderera bwino amadziwika;
• chizolowezi kuwongola njira pang'ono zokhota;
• chizolowezi njira anawoloka msewu kwa perpendicular.

kuwapotoza amenewa Mwachitsanzo, kutsogolera chakuti mtunda pakati m'madera m'dzikoli akuoneka kakang'ono kuposa pakati pa mfundo m'mayiko osiyana. Ngakhale mtunda wa pakati pawo ndi wofanana.

chiphunzitso chidziwitso

Chiphunzitso ndi mchitidwe wa zamaganizo chidziwitso, monga chidziwitso mapu chiphunzitso Tolman, monga wodziimira malangizo zamaganizo anatuluka mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo. World chiyamiko Psychology chiphunzitso chimenechi anali wodzilemekeza kudziwa kuti malingaliro - akonzedwa a chidziwitso (chidziwitso) ntchito. Zamaganizo ndi asayansi chidziwitso tsopano ntchito pa maphunziro a maganizo njira chidziwitso (maganizo, kuzindikira, chidwi, etc.).

chiphunzitso chidziwitso amakhazikitsa njira kafukufuku ndi mchitidwe wa mankhwala. Choncho chidziwitso akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti njira zonse zowononga maganizo anthu zimachitika chifukwa kuyan'anila za njira kuphunzira ndi kudzikonda anapeza. Mwachitsanzo, munthu maganizo, kuyankha mafunso: "Ndani ndine", "N'chiyani tsogolo langa" adzandipatse sizikuyenda bwino kwambiri, mayankho ndi kudzikonda deprecating. Choncho ntchito cognitivist ndi iwo adzakhala umalimbana kukonza maganizo dongosolo ngati zimene zimakhudza boma maganizo wodwalayo.

Zitsanzo za mapu chidziwitso

Chiphunzitso cha mapu chidziwitso awiri a mtundu wawo:

• khadi njira monga njira yeniyeni lopangidwa ndi zinthu motsatizana, ndi zinthu zokhudza
• mapu anasonyeza monga ulaliki munthawi yomweyo zinthu alipo mu mlengalenga.

Ndi chitukuko cha anthu bwino mapu awo chidziwitso, zomwe zimathandiza kusonkhanitsa, sitolo ndi kubereka zambiri pa makonzedwe okhudza malo a zinthu. njira oterowo ndi asayansi chidwi sayansi ambiri monga mapu chidziwitso m'lingaliro olamulidwa ndi malingaliro a munthu ndi zoona, zimafanana.

Chitsanzo chidwi pa "ntchito" mapu chidziwitso ndi msewu wapaulendo yemwe sayenera pa njira ya mapu, ndi mkati Buku mfundo. Pankhaniyi, mlendo aike maganizo anu ulendo wanu, zochokera m'madera ena wosaiwalika wa kunja dziko (mitengo, zizindikiro, signage, etc.). Kudzera njira imeneyi, ngakhale pamene nthawi munthu akhoza "kuona" msewu anayenda ndi mbali yake.