Mastoiditis: ndichiyani? Mastoiditis zizindikiro, zizindikiro ndi mankhwala

Matenda imagwira zinthu za anthu zosatha fupa a Chigaza chifukwa purulent kutupa khutu pakati pa ndondomeko - ndi mastoiditis. N'chiyani chimene zifukwa, ndipo pali zotsatira zake kungachititse - mafunso onse m'nkhani yathu. Komabe, kuti timvetsetsetse chikhalidwe cha chiyambi cha matenda, m'pofunika kumvetsa tanthauzo la ndondomeko mastoid ndi kapangidwe anatomical wa chigaza cha munthu.

Kapangidwe a Chigaza lapansi. fupa zosatha

chigaza cha munthu aumbike mwa m'ndandanda wa dayisi kuti conventionally m'magulu ziwiri zazikulu - fupa medullary dipatimenti fupa ndi dera nkhope. Kuwonjezera mafupa amenewa M'mimbamo pakati khutu pali mitundu itatu ya mafupa wophatikizidwa - nyundo, Chipala ndi stirrup. Zosatha fupa - fupa ku gulu la khadi oziziritsa, imene imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munsi a Chigaza lapansi. Fupa zosatha wonse osiyanasiyana makungwa mitsempha:

• vestibular-cochlear,
• kutsogolo,
• trigeminal mfundo
• zosokera,
• glossopharyngeal mitsempha.

Fupa zosatha imakhala malo atatu: squamous, tympanic ndi miyala. Scale dera ndipamene lateral khoma a Chigaza ya; Drum gawo - amafotokozera lozungulira ngalande khutu; gawo miyala zikuwoneka ngati piramidi, ndi kuchita ntchito ya muli kwa pakati wamkati ndiponso makutu, amene amakhala Mitsempha. Piramidi zikuphatikizapo pamalo atatu - kutsogolo, kumbuyo ndi pansi. M'munsi dera mitundu mastoid.

Lingaliro ndi kapangidwe ka mastoid ndi

Mastoid ndi conical zooneka ziyerekezo oyenerera kumbuyo khutu. Kapangidwe mkati mwa mastoid ndi - ndi kuchuluka kwa cavities fupa wodzazidwa ndi mpweya yokambirana ndi khutu pakati (tympanic M'mimbamo ndi) kudzera mastoid phanga. Cave (antrum) - waukulu selo mastoid. Ndi ndondomeko mastoid fastens minofu, chomwe ndi zigawo zitatu - ndi sternum, clavicle ndi mastoid.

Kapangidwe ka ndondomeko ndi munthu chifukwa munthu aliyense. Pali mitundu itatu ya matabwa ake. Pneumatic kapangidwe - mastoid tichipeza maselo lalikulu wodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Kapangidwe Diploeticheskoe - dongosolo ndi maselo ang'onoang'ono wodzazidwa ndi mafupa. Kapangidwe Sclerotic - kapangidwe selo bwino kwambiri anayamba.

Tikumbukenso kuti mtundu wa dongosolo mastoid azidalira kwambiri chifukwa mastoiditis. Ndipo nthawi zambiri, mastoiditis akufotokozera mu anthu ndi dongosolo pneumatic za ndondomeko mastoid.

Mastoiditis: ndichiyani?

Mastoiditis - ndi yotupa ndondomeko kuti akupezeka akalowa wa phanga (antrum) kapena kukonza ma la fupa mwakanthawi. M'kagulu ndi kudwala pa malo osiyanasiyana. Kawirikawiri kuzindikiridwa mitundu iwiri ya matenda - pulayimale ndi sekondale mastoiditis.

Monga momwe taonera kale, izo amalankhulira ndi mastoid wa M'mimbamo tympanic. Nthawi zambiri za mastoiditis kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda mu mastoid pa maziko a kutupa pakati khutu. Izi chithunzi matenda zikusonyeza mastoiditis sekondale monga vuto TV aakulu otitis.

Chifukwa ambiri mastoiditis pachimake ndi streptococci ndi staphylococci, osachepera - Pseudomonas aeruginosa ndi zina aerobic ndi anaerobic mabakiteriya. Nthawi zina kwambiri imene matendawa amayamba ndi mycobacteria.

Pulayimale mastoiditis - ndi kudwala kumene kungachitike:

• Chifukwa kuvulala chifukwa cha gunshot bala kapena chigaza zikukhudza.
• Mu kusintha purulent ndondomeko pa fupa mastoid kwa mwanabele.
• Chifukwa matenda enieni - TB kapena granulomas opatsirana.

The ndondomeko ya matenda otsatirawa. Pamene kuvulala zimachitika fractures angapo makoma wochepa thupi fupa, chifukwa mu mapangidwe zidutswa ang'onoang'ono, amene pamodzi ndi magazi okhetsedwa kulenga malo abwino kwa limatsogolera makombo fupa ndi kupita patsogolo kutupa.

Gawo la matenda

Monga ulamuliro, chitukuko cha mastoiditis amaloŵamo magawo awiri:

• exudative,
• proliferative ndi zina.

Siteji yoyamba ya chitukuko cha mastoiditis - exudative, apitirira masiku 7-10. Panthawi imeneyi, osauka kutupa mastoid lapansi. The mucous kutupikana Kakhungu, kapangidwe selo mastoid atsekedwa, wodzazidwa ndi mafinya ndi kulemera anasiyanitsidwa ndi mastoid phanga. Chitsanzo XRD mu gawo lino la matenda chikusonyeza partitions wochenjera pakati pa maselo.

Njira-proliferative siteji ya matenda yodziwika ndi chiwonongeko cha partitions ndi kulekanitsa maselo maonekedwe a magulu osiyana maselo, amene kuphatikiza mu M'mimbamo volumetric. Zosintha zina zimachitika mu mafupa ndi nyumba mtima.

Nthawi zina chitukuko cha cholesteatoma khutu pakati zingachititse zosiyanasiyana njira pathological mu thupi, kuphatikizapo mastoiditis. Ndi chiyani icho? Cholesteatoma ndi kapisolo, wopangidwa mwa cornified maselo zaminyewa.

Mastoiditis: Zizindikiro

Chithandizo cha mastoiditis - ndondomeko nthawi yambiri. Choncho, pofuna kuti tikwanitse ntchito imeneyi, nkofunika kudziwa matenda mwa magawo ake oyambirira. Malinga ndi mmene zizindikiro poyera mastoiditis, kusiyanitsa mitundu lililonse ndi atypical matendawa. Pakuti mtundu atypical kapena zobisika za matenda yodziwika ndi otaya waulesi popanda zizindikiro kulitchula.

Mu mawonekedwe ankaikira mastoiditis, odwala angadandaule ululu lakuthwa khutu ndi mutu chimene chimafika kumbuyo kwa mutu kapena pamphumi; kutupa mastoid dera. Ndi chotupa zakuthwa zimakhala, makamaka mapangidwe purulent ndondomeko mwa iwo, pinna bulged kwambiri.

Choncho pamaso pa matenda zingasonyeze magawo wosinthika ndi chifukwa magazi akuwuka yotupa ndondomeko.

Pakuti mastoiditis akhozanso kukopeka ndi chitukuko cha matenda Gradenigo, limene pali ziwalo za abducens lapansi. Wodwala wakhala zochepa sayenda wa mwana wa diso kuchokera khutu wodwalayo. Photophobia angathe. zizindikiro zambiri amasonyeza kutupa zochepa meninges, amene zizindikiro monga kusanza, chizungulire, mutu unilateral.

Zizindikiro zofanana ndi zizindikiro mastoiditis furunculosis kunja makutu komanso kutupa mwanabele imakhala kuseri auricle lapansi. Popeza mayunitsi zili m'chigawo chapakati cha ndondomeko mastoid, iwo kupereka kayendedwe ka lymph mu khutu. Boma wathanzi, aliyense mfundo lymph mosavuta zimadziŵika. Pamene matenda onse mfundo za lymph ali ankawachotsera. Pamene mastoiditis kuthamanga mfundo sichiyambitsa zingavutike pa fupa mastoid - amachititsa; pamene adenitis ndi anyamata.

Poyerekeza ndi zochita za matenda akuluakulu, mastoiditis ana akhoza yodziwika ndi zizindikiro nonspecific ndipo anasonyeza kufa kudya, m'mimba, irritability, kudzipatula kwa khutu kunja.

mitundu atypical wa mastoiditis

Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ankaikira matenda, mankhwala kusiyanitsa mitundu atypical wa mastoiditis. Mitundu ambiri monga:

• zigomatitsit,
• pamwamba-khosi mastoiditis ndi subspecies anayi
• The Squam,
• petrozit.

Zigomatitsit - mtundu mastoiditis, imene ndondomeko yotupa chimafikira kwa ndondomeko zygomatic, cheekbones kutupa amapezeka m'dera pamaso khutu. Kamodzi edema aumbike ndi abscess.

Ana, pangakhale njira "wabodza" zigomatitsitov - abscess, zomwe si bwanji maselo a muzu wa ndondomeko zygomatic. Popeza ana bwino anayamba phanga yekha kuti kawirikawiri kukhala antritis - kutupa nembanemba mucous ya antrum mastoid. Poyamba, matenda zinachititsa kuti mitengo mkulu khanda imfa.

Squam - ndi purulent ndondomeko zokhudza fupa mwakanthawi.

Ngati kutupa kumayambira Malo zosatha piramidi fupa, pali petrozit. Mwa njira, petrozity kukhala pang'onopang'ono.

Mitundu pamwamba-khosi mastoiditis

Ndi Shane pamwamba mastoiditis monga:

• Betsoldovsky mastoiditis - kudwala, limene mafinya ndi anagawira m'chigawo cha minofu sternocleidomastoid, ndi m'dera la mastoid pamwamba apo ndi kutupa. The moto pathologies mwina kuonekera pa lateral ziyerekezo tomography zosatha fupa. Symptomatic mastoiditis mawonekedwe pa siteji koyamba ndi kuyenda osauka khosi.
• Mastoiditis Chetelli - kudwala imene mafinya likulowerera kumbuyo padziko ndondomeko mastoid.
• Mastoiditis Moore - matenda amene mafinya chimafikira pakati minofu khosi chifukwa kutupa kwa khomo lachiberekero abscess lymph mfundo aumbike. Pankhaniyi, pali kutupa kwa khosi, ndiye angathe fistulas.
• Mastoiditis Orleans - kudwala, limene m'chigawo cha chapamwamba gawo sternocleidomastoid minofu popangidwa kutupa, kukoma mtima pa mavuto. Komabe, palibe kumaliseche a mafinya kuchokera khutu, mosiyana Betsoldovskogo mastoiditis.

diagnostics

Kawirikawiri, matenda a "mastoiditis" akonzedwa, zochokera mbiri kuchipatala wodwalayo. Izi amaganizira mtsogolo khutu kudwala, anachititsa mankhwala pamaso / pakalibe zosokonezeka; Akuti wakuswa boma onse a thanzi. Komanso, matenda si otsiriza udindo ankaimba ndi madandaulo wodwalayo, kufufuza ndi palpation kwa khutu, zotsatira za otoscopy, audiometry, kumaliseche zasayansi ku makutu, ophthalmoscopy diso ndi biomicroscopy. Yopangidwa tomography - muyezo njira imene mastoiditis matenda. Ndi chiyani icho? Mtundu wa matenda zimathandiza inu kuona zonse dongosolo chigaza adziwe mmene njira chitukuko purulent komanso kutalikirana ubongo ndi mitsempha nkhope. Njira imeneyi chimakhuzana phased kuphunzira kapangidwe ka chinthu - poyerekeza zotsatira za X-ray pa osiyana mu minofu osalimba. Deta analandira zagonjetsedwa kwa processing zovuta kompyuta.

X-ray a Chigaza Mwachitsanzo, zimathandizanso kudziwa maselo makoma bwino distinguishable chifukwa cha ndondomeko yotupa, umene uli bwino zimasonyeza kukula kwa mastoiditis. Komanso, pamene amaganiziridwa mastoiditis ikuchitika kusanthula matenda a magazi ndi mafinya kuchokera tilinazo khutu kwa mankhwala.

Pofuna kupanga matenda "mastoiditis", mukhoza kufunsa kuti otolaryngologist osati kokha, komanso akatswiri ena - ndi matenda okhudza ubongo, mano, maso, dokotala.

chithandizo ndiwofatsa

Childs, kudwala akhoza anasiya pa siteji oyambirira. Ngati munthuyo nthawi yomweyo amuthandize kuti katswiri ndi kupeza chithandizo yake (mankhwala), izo zimaleka kufala kwa matenda, ndipo akhoza kapadera kuti wodwalayo alibe mavuto angabuke m'tsogolo, zomwe zimabweretsa mastoiditis.

Mankhwalawa imagwiridwa motere. Choyamba, ntchito ndi yotakata sipekitiramu mankhwala. Komanso, malinga ndi zotsatira za maphunziro zasayansi ya zinthu zamoyo amapatsidwa mankhwala enieni amene anakhudzidwa kwambiri mbali anazindikiritsidwa pa aerobic mabakiteriya ndi anaerobic. Complete Kupha matenda kungafune nthawi yaitali mankhwala mankhwala. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti maantibayotiki amavutika ozama kapangidwe ka ndondomeko mastoid. Komanso salamulidwa kunja zisadzachitikenso matendawa, kungakhale mastoiditis aakulu.

Pa siteji koyamba mankhwala mastoiditis pakalibe complicating zinthu mu zovuta ndi mankhwala wosathawu ukhoza kuperekedwa physiotherapy (UHF, mayikirowevu). A zabwino achire zotsatira ndi compresses pa dera kumbuyo khutu. Mwa njira, iwo ukhoza kukhala kutentha ndi kuzizira.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala m'mayiko olemera kwambiri yafupika mkhalidwe wa mastoiditis ndi kutsogozedwa mwayi wa chithandizo ndiwofatsa pa opaleshoni.

chithandizo opaleshoni

Nthawi zambiri, mankhwala sasamalira patsogolo thanzi mtima. Zikatero, chithandizo opaleshoni njira pathological amene amayambitsa mastoiditis. ntchito Komabe, sikuti negate kufanana ndiwofatsa chithandizo.

Mwa njira ambiri opaleshoni ndi myringotomy - ang'ambe thupilo likalowa m'makutu - ndi powapatsa tympanostomy chubu, kuonetsetsa excretion a mafinya kuchokera khutu. Patapita nthawi zina nthawi - kuchokera masabata awiri miyezi ingapo - chubu zokha kuchotsedwa likalowa m'makutu ndi ang'ambe thupilo amachiza mwachibadwa.

Antromastoidotomy - opaleshoni, limene anatsegula antrum ndi mastoid trepanning. Cholinga cha opaleshoni mu nkhani iyi ndi kuchotsedwa kwathunthu zimakhala anakhudzidwa. Pali milandu pamene alowererepo opaleshoni anachotsa ndondomeko lonse ndi nsonga zake. mpheto amenewa amatchedwa mastoidectomy. Ndi zovuta kwambiri ndi kuchita izo mu chochitika matendawo kapena sitili pa mphamvu zabwino mankhwala. Ana osaposera zaka zitatu kuchita antrotomiyu - mpheto ya antrum, monga iwo bwino anayamba mastoid.

Zovuta za mastoiditis. kupewa

Popeza matenda kapena chithandizo matenda anapeza kuti minofu ozungulira, tingayambe mavuto osiyanasiyana, monga kumva imfa, labyrinthitis ndi monga Motero - mu chizungulire, kumva imfa. The matenda zingakhudze mitsempha nkhope ndi amapha ziwalo za minofu nkhope. Mastoiditis zambiri chifukwa subperiosteal abscess choyambitsa mu chitukuko zigomatitsita, skvamita, petrozita, otogenny paresis. Ngati yotupa ndondomeko okhudza ubongo Kakhungu akufotokozera meninjaitisi. Pamaso pa aliyense wa mavuto awa wodwala - uyu kumasonyeza kuti alowererepo pa opaleshoni.

Ntchito ndi mankhwala wodwala akatswiri ndi - kupewa chitukuko cha mastoiditis. Kupewa matenda kumagwirizana ndi kupewa ndi abscess pakati khutu - ndi kudwala amatchedwa "otitis TV". Mastoiditis - matenda amene sangathe kuthamanga. zizindikiro zake ndi zinthu ayenera analankhula mu magawo oyambirira. Chithandizo akhale woyenera ndi wokwanira.

Osati udindo wotsiriza ankaimba apa ndi dongosolo la anthu m'thupi ndi mphamvu yake kupewa matenda. Nkofunika kusamalira m'mphuno ndi m'kamwa, kupewa yotupa matenda nasopharynx lapansi. Imathandiza kupewa mastoiditis oyambirira matenda a matenda a khutu ndi ufulu mankhwala mankhwala.

M'nkhani zambiri zimene kwenikweni mastoiditis; zizindikiro, chithandizo cha matenda ndi kuteteza ake. Komabe, tiona kuti nkhani pamwambapa ndi mwangwiro familiarization. Choncho, ngati kukayika kulikonse za matenda ayenera yomweyo pitani kuchipatala kwa katswiri.