Ndi chapamwamba chimene - ndalama kukakamizidwa kapena njira zabwino?

Anthu okhala m'mizindayo kudziwa zambiri za ntchito mabuku ndi zoimbira za kulenga moyo bohemia wa Paris: ndi amisiri osauka ndi oimba anali kukhala apansi apamwamba a nyumbayi, munali mdima ndi yopapatiza masitepe, amene si kuwala kokwanira, ndipo panalibe magetsi. ndi chapamwamba m'lingaliro loyamba la mawu akuti chiyani? Space pansi pa ntsoyi ya nyumba mkulu-nyamuka, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito zosowa zapakhomo ndipo anakakhala kumene iwo amene ali malo ogona sanali angagulidwe.

Mbiri ya zomangamanga

Madenga a mzinda akale, yokutidwa ndi matailosi, ndi phompho otsetsereka a denga, ndi denga danga anapanga ndalama yaikulu kwambiri. Mu m'tawuni moyo danga wakhala kuchepekedwa, zonse pansi zogona msonkho, ndi kutalika kwa nyumba asonyeza kuti eaves lapansi. Choncho, kodi chapamwamba kwa eni nyumba m'tawuni XVII atumwi? Ndi njira kulandira phindu ukonde.

Ganizo ntchito danga pansi pa denga la nyumba kubadwa kwa Fransua Mansara (1598-1666), koma wamanga izi ankagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zoterozo, kumanga mu nyumba Paris madenga kuti ndi unakhota khalidwe. Pambuyo nyumba uliwonse wamanga kumbukirani kuti chapamwamba ichi. Denga pokhala pa mbali zonse za lokwera otsetsereka a ndege awiri ndi otsetsereka osiyana, imathandiza popanga munthu pazipita buku denga malo iwo moti ankatha ndi milingo moyo ziwiri.

tanthauzo

M'mayiko ambiri, mansard wotchedwa kwambiri mtundu wa denga, amene kaŵirikaŵiri ntchito Mansart, ndi kukweza otchedwa danga lonse kwa denga la pansi pamwamba pa denga, ngati ntchito nyumba, imene ikuchitika kutchinjiriza makoma, ndi denga kupereka kuyatsa zachilengedwe Chinapangidwa ndi mosavuta kuchokera pa m'munsi (zambiri staircase) anapanga kukongoletsa mapeto pamalo.

zikalata zolimbana komanso bwino amaonetsera zimene chapamwamba. Kuona kuti lili SNP 2.08.01-89 amapereka lakuti apansi danga chapamwamba, ndege popangidwa ndi denga - mumbali zophwanyika - ndi mzere wa mphambano ya linga ofukula za wapakamwa ndi denga ndege umafuna pa 1.5 mita kuchokera pansi chapamwamba.

Kulengedwa Malangizo

luso logwiritsa ntchito pansi chapamwamba kuchita masamu motere:

• ndi> b + 0,7 × m'ma, kumene
  
  ndi - pansi dera kutalika kuposa 2.5 m,
  B - chipinda malo ndi kutalika kwa 1.1-2.5 m,
  C - chipinda malo ndi kutalika denga la 0.8-1.1 m.

Zinali zinthu zikatero, kugwiritsa ntchito chapamwamba ndi n'losaloleka, ngakhale kanjedza amenewa ali zikalata, yochitira umboni.

Kuyatsa chapamwamba - ndi funso lofunika kwambiri, zomwe bwino kumanzere kwa akatswiri. Mbali ndi molondola kuwerengera m'dera glazing: polankhula owonjezera azipereka kwa kutenthetsa imfa ndi chidwi. Ndipotu ndi chapamwamba mu nyumba, kapena malo mpweya otentha limatuluka osiyanasiyana m'munsi? Mu kuwerengetsa dera apertures kuwala tiyenera kuganizira kusiyana mphamvu ya mawindo ochiritsira, anaika mu makoma ofukula - mu nkhani ya chapamwamba kawirikawiri izo gables pamakoma - dormer mazenera, Makutu ndi skylights anaika mu otsetsereka denga.

Iwo ayenera kutsatira magawo oterowo pansi m'dera chiŵerengero ndi apertures m'dera kuwala:

• pamene kuwayika mazenera nyumba ya ofukula - sayenera upambana 1: 5.5, osachepera chiŵerengero - 1: 8;
• 1:10 analola Pamene ntchito skylights;
• Unsembe dormer mazenera a otsetsereka kwambiri anataya kuwala 2/3 poyerekeza ndi zenera choimirira.

Chikhalidwe cha danga chapamwamba amafuna chisamaliro chapadera kwa yankho la mavuto mpweya wabwino. zipangizo zamakono kwa chipangizo denga "chitumbuwa" ndi zofunikira kudzakuthandizani kuthana ndi mavuto amnewa yeniyeni.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nyumba matabwa pomanga zikalata chapamwamba normalizing kuvomereza koma anapereka antipiriruyuschey kupala matabwa ndi nyumba kutalika 75 m.

The ntchito chapamwamba

Childs, phindu la chipangizo chapamwamba apansi amasonyeza tiganizira chuma, ntchito oyenera pa malo ndi mkulu mapulani khalidwe lotero njira zothandiza kwambiri. Mkulu zokongoletsa khalidwe la omasuka undercovering danga kuonekera mafanizo kufotokoza zimene chapamwamba. Photo a zazikulu Interiors chogona, zipinda ana ndi ili pa mlingo pamwamba, ndi kokwanira.

Kufunika kwa mfundo zimenezi zimakhudza zinthu ziwiri zazikulu: tikukonza penthouse mu kumanganso nyumba alipo kapena ntchito zake amaperekedwa mu nyumba ntchito.

Kumanganso nyumba alipo

Ngati chapamwamba ndi munamangidwa pa nyumba yanuyo kuwonjezeka chinthu makamaka ntchito malo wokongola, ndi ntchito zotheka zipangizo opepuka ndi otsika mtengo ziwembu zomwe popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo katundu, kotero palibe chifukwa resettlement wa anthu. Zotsatira mu kusintha kwa moyo wa zomangamanga m'tauni akhoza kukhala wokongola kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, kodi chapamwamba kwa Khrushchev? Izi ndi mlingo wosiyana kwambiri chitonthozo ndi zithunzi pempho, ndipo ngati osati kachitidwe waukulu wa mugwirizano, zomwe zimachititsa ndalama ngati wopanda pake ndi amene amachepetsa nthawi yaitali ubwino chuma cha ntchito ya zomangamanga asatayike, nyumba okalamba ambiri mwina kugula ambiri danga bwino kwambiri moyo.

Zochititsa chidwi mapulani njira

Pali njira zambiri ntchito kamangidwe ka malo pansi pa denga. Izi zidasintha luntha la chimene kukweza. zithunzi Home amene Tingaone pa pomanga, kusonyeza kuti pansi pa denga angathe kupezedwa wokongola kwambiri ndi omasuka zipinda, zolinga zosiyana. Chapamwamba cha nyumba osauka wakhala wapadera "Chip" - mwatsatanetsatane za nyumba utithandize umakopa mapulani.