New Jerusalem mu Moscow: maulendo

Near Moscow, mukhoza kuona malo modabwitsa wokongola - akonzedwa a "New Jerusalem". Ambiri a m'dziko mwathu muno amadziwika mchitidwe umenewu wa dera Moscow (kuphatikizapo panopa). Onsewo ali wa mtengo wake wapatali m'mbiri komanso kamangidwe kake. Iwo Donskoy ansembe yotchedwa, Novospassky, mkazi Alexis, ndithudi, wotchuka Novodevichy ndi ena ambiri. Komabe, mmodzi amene ife kufotokoza lero, akuima zikutipatsa wokongola ntchito ya zomangamanga Russian. Malowa ali pamtunda pa Istra Mtsinje, pafupi ndi tauni eponymous.

Anthu ambiri wotchedwa New Jerusalem. Mu dela la mzinda kubereka tiakachisi Palestina anaganiza mabishopu, Nikon. Zimenezi zinathandiza anthu Russian kuona malo opatulika a Kuuka kwa Khristu. Ndipo ine ndiyenera kunena apa kuti chaka chilichonse amakopa alendo masauzande ambiri amapita ku madera osiyana a dziko lathu.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Milimo ya New Jerusalem zinachitikadi kaŵiri. Gawo loyamba anapitiriza kuchokera 1656 mpaka 1666, pamene ulamuliro Aleksey Mihaylovich Tishayshy. Ntchito anali linasokonekera pambuyo zamanyazi za kholo Nikon. Yomanga anayambiranso yekha mu 1679 ndi dongosolo la Fedor Alekseevich.

Yerusalemu watsopano mu dela la mzinda - kafiduro zovuta. pomanga Kuuka Cathedral ndi mpingo wa Constantine ndi Helen inatha mu 1685.

Kupanga linga khoma ndi chipata Mpingo wa kulowa kwa Ambuye inatha mu 1697, kale pansi Peter I. yomanga Izi sanamalize. Mwatsoka, hema mwala anakomoka Cathedral kwa kuuka kwa Akufa, sali kuimira zaka makumi atatu. Ndi zochepa 1761. chaka limene linatha ndi ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth.

Chihema yatsopano inamangidwa ndi wotchuka Francesco Rastrelli (wamng'ono). The ntchito otchuka kwambiri mbuye amadziwa kuti m'dziko lathu - Smolny ansembe yotchedwa, Great Peterhof ndi Zima Palace. Yomanga anatsogolera wamanga KI Malo.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse la New Jerusalem (ansembe yotchedwa) anali pa gawo anagwidwa ndi Anazi. Asanachoke, iwo juga izo, adatayika nyumba. tchalitchi belu nsanja anawonongedwa, pamwamba pa Cathedral wa Kuuka unawotchedwa, anagwetsa mahema ku nsanja. Zovuta chofunika ntchito yaikulu kubwezeretsedwa.

Nikon obisika atamwalira

Mkulu wa mabishopu Nikon dziko lino, agulupa sanasiyidwe. yomanga ake anapitiriza. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVII agulupa mpanda ndi mtengo linasintha ndi mwala. kukonzanso The zinachitikadi ndi wotchuka Russian wamanga JG Bukhvostova.

mwambo wabwino kubweretsa kwa kachisi zovuta za mapulani bwino anapitiriza. Utatha la chihema pamwamba pa nyumba yopemphereramo cha Manda Opatulika mu 1723 apeze wake anatenga Francesco Rasstrelli. Mu kukonzanso zina nawo MF Kazakov, AN Voronikhin, KA Omveka.

Akatolika pansi Peter I

Makoma a obisika mu 1698 nkhondo mbiri pakati pa anthu oponya mivi ndi asilikali okhulupirika kwa boma motsogoleredwa ndi A. Shein. oponya mivi ndi adakhala wothyoledwa, ambiri a iwo anaphedwa. chochitika wafunsira kukonza Petrine. Pa nthawi imeneyo, agulupa kusoŵa a. Koma patapita anakhala malo ofunika chikhalidwe komanso ya chipembedzo likulu la dziko. m'gawo lake anali mmodzi wa laibulale olemera.

Ambiri odziwika umunthu wa chikhalidwe Russian ndi mbiri ya theka lachiwiri la m'zaka XVIII panali pano monga amwendamnjira.

gulu loyimba Zomangamanga

Yerusalemu watsopano mu dela la mzinda - chitsanzo wabwino wa Moscow Baroque. nsanja zake ndi makoma zinamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a zoumbika mosiyanasiyana hexagon. Iwo ndi ntchito malo mkati, munakhazikitsa ndi maselo amonke. Stone nsanja korona mahema. Kuuka Cathedral mu mtima wa agulupa lapansi.

kuchira zovuta

Kubwezeretsa ntchito malo oyera ngati lakhalapo kwa zaka zambiri ndipo akadali zikuchitika. Today obisika kwa pafupifupi kubwezeretsedwa, kupatulapo belu nsanja.

Analogies ndi Yerusalemu ankaona pano mu zonse - ena nsanja ya agulupa dzina la zipata za Yerusalemu - Getsemane, Damasiko, Zion. Pali pano ndiponso m'munda wa Getsemane. Big kuganiza pa alendo umabala inamangidwa mu 1658 kholo obisika zovuta mu Yerusalemu Watsopano. Istra, pa limodzi mwa zilumba ili skit likuimira Yorodano.

New Jerusalem mu Moscow: zokopa

Kodi penyani alendo malo awa? Mungapeze mayankho mwatsatanetsatane funso limeneli.

Woyera Kuuka Cathedral

A chipilala wapadera wa zomangamanga. Ndi ili mu mzinda wa agulupa lapansi. Ndi dongosolo zovuta, chomwe kachisi ndi yophunzitsa pafupi. Kumadzulo ndi Chapel cha Manda Opatulika ndi rotunda, amene ali hema vosemnadtsatimetrovy. Kumpoto ndi Mpingo wa Akukwera, ndi kum'mawa - mozama mu nthaka Constantine ndi Helen Church. Poyambirira, kumbali yakum'mwera a tchalitchi ndi belu nsanja, yemwe anawonongedwa mu 1941.

Chambers a tchalitchi ali makamaka likuchuluka, pali pang'ono chibadidwe mipingo Orthodox. Apa chapansi ndi mpingo mobisa. Komanso mkati mutha kuona ndende, pamene akudikira chilango choopsa Khristu Manda - Chapel wa nsangalabwi amene abisa Manda Opatulika. Pafupi nthawi zonse khumi ndi zitatu nyali zoyaka za thupi Orthodox ndi Orthodox, ndi Chiameniya khumi ndi zitatu, khumi ndi zitatu ndi zinayi Chikoputiki Katolika.

tchalitchi wazunguliridwa ndi refectories ndi Zipatalazo kuchipatala. Kenako ali kotala isanafike. Suli kutali tchalitchi, mukhoza kuona mabwinja a churchyard ndi manda a nthumwi otchuka wa anthu otchuka Russian.

The mpanda

Mbali imeneyi ya agulupa unamangidwapo motsogozedwa Yakova Buhvostova (1690-1697). Makoma mzinda ndi nsanja ndi Chipata polowa mu Yerusalemu Mpingo wa Chipata Woyera.

Mpingo wa kulowa kwa Ambuye

Mfundo ina chidwi akupezeka pa dera la "New Jerusalem." Kachisi Polowera wa Ambuye inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma XVII. Mlatho tiered. Chipata Church - kachisi lililonse wakhala ankagwiritsa ntchito mu Nyumba Russian mpingo wa atumwi XVII. kaso, koma yosavuta zokongoletsa ake anapanga amajambulapo maluwa okongola njerwa makoma mobwerezabwereza.

Tiered kachisi n'zosadabwitsa organically oyenera mpata pakati m'zipinda za pamwamba pa tchalitchi ndi belu nsanja. Sansao kum'mawa wapakamwa cha zovuta akadali kwabasi ndi zovuta.

Kumadzulo kachisi mu mzere ataima Hospital Zipatalazo, anamanga mu 1698, a refectory ndi Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu, amene akuimira Betelehemu (1692), ndi Nyumba ya Archimandrite (1750). Apa nyumba ya Mfumukazi Tatiana (XVII atumwi), komanso thupi fraternal.

New Jerusalem m'dera Moscow wazunguliridwa ndi khoma wapadera anamanga mu 1694. Umabweretsa pamodzi nsanja eyiti - Ziyoni, Getsemane, Chipata Elizabethan (nsanja izi sizinali mu Yerusalemu), nyumba ya Davide, kuti Baruki, Efremov, Inoplemennichyu, Damasiko.

Pa chipata Elizabethan wa agulupa anali kumunda wa Getsemani. Tsopano izo zachoka, ndi paki mu unakhota wa Istria.

Kamodzi pa nthawi mu munda uyu anali njira kuti anapanga chilumba. Ndi pafupifupi mamita kwa mpanda wa agulupa moyo wa mabishopu Nikon.

Hermitage Nikon anasunga lero. Izi nyumba zinayi nkhani imene anali mipingo iwiri (mu mbewu choyamba ndi wachinayi), maselo, kuphatikizapo Nikon, zipinda zofunikira. Hermitage, popanda tanthauzo la m'mbiri, ndi chitsanzo osowa la nyumba ya m'zaka za m'ma XVII.

Museum "New Jerusalem"

Mapulani ndi Historical Museum ili mu Yerusalemu Watsopano ansembe yotchedwa - chipilala zazikulu za mamangidwe a m'zaka XVII. Museum "New Jerusalem" (Istra, Moscow dera) anakhazikitsidwa mu 1920.

Ichi ndi chithunzi cha kachisi zovuta wotchuka mu Yerusalemu. M'nyumbayi pa obisika a aitane aliyense ku Old Russian luso XVIII - m'ma XX. Chionetsero zikuphatikizapo mipukutu kawirikawiri ndi wapadera chamtengo umboni zopelekedwa, zovala ndi ziwiya, yakale yoyendera mipando, zodzikongoletsera. Apa ndi m'nyumbayi wapoyera, amene umavumbula zitsanzo za zomangamanga matabwa.

Chaka chilichonse pa chionetserocho nyumba kusinthidwa ndi kukhudzana latsopano. Zovuta ntchito chikondwerero ndi mapulogalamu zokambirana.

Museum akuyembekezera alendo ake m'nyengo yozizira tsiku lililonse 10:00 kuti 17:00, ndi m'chilimwe - kuchokera 10:00 kuti 18:00. Lolemba ndi Lachisanu lomaliza la mwezi wa bungwe la sachiza.

alendo onse angalowe m'dera la obisika, kuti aone malo pofukula, pitani m'nyumbayi ndi Mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Yesu. Kudzera nsanja Elizabethan mukhoza kupita ku paki kumene nyumba chionetsero ndi zipilala chidwi kwambiri a zomangamanga matabwa - pa tchalitchi, farmhouses, ndi windmill. Unachitikira kukwera.

New Jerusalem mu Moscow: maulendo

Zikwi la alendo kukaona kachisi zovuta "New Jerusalem". Map of Moscow muyenera ngati mukuganiza kuti abwere kuno ndi galimoto. Msewu ku Moscow amatenga maola awiri.

Kuyamba, muyenera ulendo wokawona malo. New Jerusalem kukaonekera pamaso pa inu kukongola konse mu nyengo zonse. Mufunsidwa kukaona manda a Nikon, ndi yopemphereramo wa Mfundo za Virgin, ndi Mobisa Church. Anthu amene akufuna kuphunzira zambiri za malo awa, kudzatenga ndi ulendo imakula. Pankhaniyi, kuwonjezera kudzacheza kwa minda ndi kusiyidwa.

Mu nyengo yofunda mu maulendo motsogozedwa a "New Jerusalem" m'chigawo Moscow ali nawo kukwera kwa makoma ndi maganizo zidzasintha. M'masiku yozizira mukhoza kukaona nyumba chionetsero.

Mu "New Jerusalem" mu Moscow anayamba ulendo chidwi ana. Pamafunikanso ulendo m'mphawi nyumba ndi bwalo. Wolondolera odziwa kumuuza ana za miyambo ndi njira ya moyo wa malemu XIX wamba atumwi. Amalipiritsa zina, mukhoza kutenga chithunzi m'mphawi kavalidwe, kukwera pa kavalo.

Mu 1994, mpingo wa Constantine ndi Helen zinayambanso imachitika utumiki, mu 1995 nyumba obisika ndipo maofesi anaperekedwa kwa Moscow Orthodox, iwo alikukonzeka moyo kumene kumakhala Amonke.

New Jerusalem mu Moscow lero onse ena obisika ndi owonetsera zakale wapoyera. Mu malo awa amamuchititsa kubwera aliyense amene akufuna kuti agwirizane kuti mbiri yathu ndi kumasuka pa mthunzi wa mitengo yakale paini wa Getsemane.