Nyama ya Red Book m'dera Samara: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

yokumba mosaganizira zachilengedwe a anthu pa dziko kwatanthauza kuti anakhalako kale maonekedwe a nyama ndi zomera pang'onopang'ono anayamba kufa.

Mukhoza, ndithudi, amanyalanyaza mfundo yakuti tsiku lililonse pa dziko lonse ndipo aliyense dera ake mbisoweka mtundu wina wa nyama kapena tizilombo, koma zotsatira zake pa nthawi udzakhala - Dziko lonse lapansi lidzakhala zosafunika moyo.

Aliyense dziko umboni yake ya kutha kwa chikhalidwe - Red Book amene amapanga zatsala pang'ono kutha a nyama ndi zomera. Nyama ya m'dera Samara, kutchulidwa Red Book, si zosiyana.

dera Samara

Kumbali ya Samara dera zachilengedwe akuyerekeza akutsutsana ndi madera ena Russian amene limagwirizana mbali zingapo achilengedwe. M'dera limeneli pali steppes, mapiri, nkhalango ndi m'nkhalango steppe. Popeza ayezi pa zaka ayezi ndi sizinawakhudze m'dera lino, pali kukula zomera anasunga kuchokera nthawi imeneyo. Izi Tsikuli yosowa kwambiri, ndipo makamaka n'zomvetsa chisoni kuti nyama ndi zomera kuti analipo kwa zikwizikwi zaka kutha chifukwa zochita za anthu.

Iwo amapulumutsa zinthu bungwe mu mochedwa 20 ntchentche Zhiguli Reserve, koma analola Red Book wa dera Samara anapitiriza kuchepetsa chiwerengero chawo.

Samara dera ali gawo, ambiri mwa amapita ku banki lamanja la Volga adayitana Trans-Volga. % 9 Only wa m'mphepete imagwera pa lamanzere gombe la mtsinje, ndilo lotchedwa Pre. M'deralo pali nyanja ziwiri, chongopeka anapanga Kuibyshev ndi Saratov HPP. Komanso, pali 306 zipilala zachilengedwe, zomwe zina ndi yothandiza dziko.

zatsala pang'ono kutha tizilombo

Ngati inu tione amene kutchulidwa Red Book wa dera Samara, mwa oimira dziko nyama pali mitundu 17 tizilombo, amene anthu ikuchepa chaka chilichonse. Zikuphatikizapo magulu a Orthoptera ndi dragonflies, ndi kafadala, Lepidoptera ndi Hymenoptera. Mitundu yambiri osowa:

• Dozorschik-mfumu - mmodzi wa lalikulu mu dziko la dragonflies. The wingspan cha tizilombo ndi 50 mm, thupi wobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima wakuda. Mchira wa mwamuna buluu, pamene akazi - zobiriwira, komanso anthu ena pamodzi lonse kumbuyo akuthamanga wakuda gulu. mtundu wa dragonflies kuwuluka ndi kusaka mofulumira kwambiri, kugwira tizilombo ntchito spikes pa miyendo, amene amapanga mtundu wa "mtanga" kugwila nyama. Chifukwa kutha kwa - kuwononga matupi madzi, kumene amakhala, mankhwala. Kudziko la Zhiguli Reserve.

• Mbawala kachilomboka si wokongola kwambiri ndi otchuka okha maonekedwe, komanso ndi membala waukulu mwa dongosolo mbawala mu Europe. Chifukwa kuchepetsa anthu awo ndi kuwononga malo achilengedwe. Mbawala kafadala moyo ndi mtundu wa makungwa a mitengo yakale. Matabwa makampani kawirikawiri amalola mitengo ya "akale."

Ena mwa mitundu ya tizilombo, vodivshiesya m'madera izi, si monga nyama ya Red Book wa dera Samara. Iwo amaoneka mu mndandanda wa tizilombo Russian ndi European osowa monga Apollo wamba, masharubu Alpine ndi ena.

Kawirikawiri mitundu ya zomera

M'dera Samara pali oposa 2,000 mitundu ya zomera. % 20 okha a m'gawo lake ndi nkhalango, ena - meadows, steppe ndi steppe nkhalango.

Nkhalango ambiri Chi paini, thundu, birch, linden, mapulo ndi Elm. The chidwi kwambiri ndi meadows, monga chimakhala chogwidwa ndi nthawi zina kuti amateteza Red Book wa dera Samara. Nyama ndi zomera amene malo ndi udzu, imvera chiopsezo chachikulu kutha kuposa malo ena. Atachoka madzi mu meadows akuyamba kukula mofulumira zomera zina zimene anawononga anthu phindu.

Mwa iwo, 60 mitundu primroses: tulip Schrenk, kakombo wa mzigwa, Adonis masika, tulip otsika, European lonse ndi ena ambiri.

Ambiri mwa zomera ndi mankhwala, kotero chiwonongeko woipitsitsawu ndi chilango ndi chilamulo "Pa chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe."

zatsala pang'ono kutha

Nyama ya Red Book wa dera Samara amakhala pangozi kutha. Pa zaka 100 zapitazo, kuchoka m'dera la dera lino kwathunthu mbisoweka nyama mitundu 19, kuphatikizapo bulauni chimbalangondo, otter, ndi mabanga gwape.

Pakati pa mitundu osowa - Muskrat Russian, ndi nthumwi yaikulu ya nyama zimene zimadya, osati Russia komanso mu Europe. Pamene thupi kutalika kwa masentimita 22 ndi mchira wa nyama angafikire masentimita 21 ndi kulemera - kuchokera magalamu 380 mpaka 500. mapazi Ngati a Bakha ndi zisanyowe mu madzi kuti akhale ndi ubweya nyama wokongola kusambira. Ngakhale muskrat sankaona kwambiri, ndi mlenje kwambiri chifukwa kununkha ndi kukhudza. malo - floodplain madambo ndi zambiri zomera ndi tizilombo akukhala umo.

Nyama imeneyi mwina kwathunthu kutha chifukwa osasamalika matupi madzi m'derali.

The mink European

Pamene nyama ndi massively vodilos mu Samara nkhalango dera, koma lero European mink - mitundu ina pangozi nyama. Ndi nyama zokongola ndi thupi wandiweyani komanso lowombedwa ndi wokongola ubweya kudya nsomba, mbewa ndi zipatso, kusiyiratu chifukwa ntchito anthu mankhwala ndi kupopera mankhwala pa nkhalango.

Chitsanzo achisoni kwa zaka za m'ma 20 ayenera kukhala phunziro kwa anthu amene amakhala m'dera Samara lero. Apo ayi, patatha zaka 100 m'gawo lake nyama nkhalango adzasiyidwa konse, kapena iwo adzakhala kukumbutsa Red Book wa dera Samara. Nyama (zithunzi kusonyeza izo) sakuyenera kuchitiridwa.

Osowa Mbalame za mitundu

Pangozi ya mbalame m'dera Samara akupereka gruiformes, mbalame zodya nyama, mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale ndi nthumwi imodzi kuchokera kuti Ciconiiformes.

nyama pangozi Red Book of Russia (Samara Region), wodzilemekeza ndi kotereku mbalame:

• Black Mbalame Yotchedwa Dokowe - ochepa chabe mbalame, osati m'dera lino, komanso m'madera chifungulo cha malo ake - Europe ndi ku Asia ndi Africa. Choncho, maganizo kuti tiyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri. Iwo zisa nkhalango zowirira Zhigulevsky Reserve.

• Falconiformes anapereka mphungu, Balaban, malo manda, ernes, Kestrel ndi chochuluka.
• mbalame kawirikawiri ndi gruiformes demoiselle Crane ndi bustard, kukhala m'chigawo busa.
• A mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale mu dera Samara amatetezedwa ndi sociable Lapwing ndi Oystercatcher.

Onse a mbalame zimenezi n'zochepa kwambiri, anthu awo ndi kuchepekela, kotero iwo amagwira kapena kuwombera ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo.

Kawirikawiri mitundu ya mileme

Izi mitundu kawirikawiri kudera Samara ukufanizidwa vechornytsi chiphona. Izi mileme chisa m'nkhalango yowirira wa floodplain wa Samara Bend. Thupi kutalika kwa 105 mamilimita ndi wingspan cm mpaka 46 kuchipanga icho nthumwi yaikulu ya mleme osati Russia komanso mu Europe.

Chifukwa chakuti yafupika anthu tizilombo kudyetsa vechornytsi komanso yafupika mtundu wake.

zatsala pang'ono kutha

Sizikuyenda zilili m'chigawo ndi mayiwe, kotero nyama ya Red Book wa dera Samara ndi kudzadza mndandanda wa mitundu pangozi.

Njirazi ndi monga:

• Sculpin wamba - ndi nsomba zina zing'onozing'ono yemwe amakhala amatunga ndi madzi woyera. nsomba amangokhala amakonda kubisala miyala ndi kudya mwachangu nsomba zina kapena invertebrates benthic. Chifukwa kutha kwa - kuipitsidwa ndi turbidity matupi madzi.
• Nathenje - bulauni mumapezeka nsomba amakonda mtsinje ndi panopa mofulumira. chifukwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero nazonso zogwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsinje m'dera Samara.

Ngati zinthu sasintha, ndiye Red Book wa dera Samara (nyama, mbalame, nsomba, tizilombo) adzapitiriza kuonjezera chiwerengero cha masamba.