Nyanja Chebarkul - kukopa Chelyabinsk Region

Nyanja Chebarkul (mapu tikuonera chithunzi m'munsimu) lili Urals Southern, kum'mawa kwa mapiri a Ural, ntchitoyi - mu chigawo Chelyabinsk.

dzina

dzina la nyanja amachokera kwa kusanganikirana zilankhulo ziwiri - Bashkir ndi Chitata.

• Malinga ndi Bashkir "Sibur" amatanthauza "wokongola", "ozizira" - "Nyanja".
• M'chilankhulo cha Chitata "chybar" - "zokongola", "Thumba", komanso pa nkhani choyamba, "Nyanja".

Choncho zinachitikadi "wokongola motley nyanja". Ndithudi, nyanja Chebarkul (Chelyabinsk Region) - mmodzi wa madzi wokongola kwambiri wa Ural Switzerland. Osiyana kumupatsa zomera madzi, kukula zosiyanasiyana kugombe lake kumulowetsa. Iwo anapereka dzina kwa nyanja ndi mzinda, yomwe ili m'mphepete kum'mawa.

nkhani

anthu oyambirira lokhalamo kumagwa nyanja oposa 40 000 zaka zapitazo. Pa kum'mwera ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo m'malire ali woposa makumi anayi a akatswiri a zinthu zakale ku Neolithic kumayambiriro Iron Age.

Mu Middle Ages ozungulira nyanjayi anali anthu mafuko ndi Chitata anaphatikizana ndi Bashkirs. M'zaka za m'ma XVII anayamba chitukuko cha m'dera limeneli la Cossack mfulu kudzanso, "mmisiri lyudom 'ndi anthu wamba ufulu. Mu 1736 Chebarkul linga inamangidwa pa gombe kum'mawa la nyanja. Iwo amachita ntchito staging mfundo yobereka chakudya ku likulu la m'chigawo - Orenburg. Koma ngakhale maonekedwe a malo otetezedwa bwino, Chebarkul Nyanja ndi malo ake kwa nthawi yaitali malo kwa akuba, ndi ena "wowerengeka ikuthamangira." Kukumbukira nthawi imeneyo, chimodzi mwa zilumba amatchedwa "Bandit".

Wathunso malo awa ndi Pugachev kugalukira. Mu 1774, mpanda wolimba anatengedwa ndi opanduka pa m'gawo lake ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja anali msasa wawo. Kwawo pambuyo anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali a boma, "Pugachev" anatentha nyumba. Kenako, kubwezeretsa kwa mpanda wolimba anatenga zaka ziwiri. Kenako anayamba mizinda yayikulu kwambiri mu Urals Kumwera - mzinda wa Chebarkul (Chelyabinsk dera).

Origin ndi nthaka

Chebarkul - nyanja ya chiyambi tectonic. msinkhu wake, asayansi anatsimikiza za 10 zaka chikwi. nyanja gombe ndi achipembedzo miyala, koma pali otsika kunama, m'madambo. Miyala - gneiss, quartzite ndi pyroxenite. Gombe ndi osasamba, nthawi zambiri kwakukulu.

Chebarkul Nyanja ali zilumba zingapo. Mu kumpoto - khobidi, abale awiri, Sitima, Raider, Gombe kum'mawa ndi chilumba cha Char ndi kum'mwera - yaikulu - Grachev. Gombe mitundu jutting kutali ndi kulowa m'nyanjamo, yokutidwa ovuta a pachilumbachi Krutik, Nazarysh, Ko Linden, Cow Cape ndi ena. unevenness ake anathandiza kuti zikamera wa Magombe ambiri zazikulu ndi zazing'ono ndipo akumidziwa, otchedwa ndi anthu am'deralo "kuryami".

Kufotokozera ndi Hydrology

Okwera, ndilo nyanja Tchebarkul ndi 320 mamita Malo -. 19,8 sq. Km. Kuya pazipita dziwe ndi 12 m, pafupifupi -. 6 mamita Mu Chebarkul zili - kiyubiki mamita miliyoni 154. mamita wa madzi. Kusinthasintha mlingo wake negligible - 1,25 mamita apamwamba madzi -. Mu June. Nyanja yozizira koopsa chikuchitika mu November, ndi ayezi limatsogolera udzatha kumayambiriro May. Mwatsopano madzi, mchere zili m'menemo 0,3679 ga pa lita.

Nyanja chakudya amabwera m'njira yosiyanasiyana. Madzi chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mvula. Koma mbali yofunika ndi mitsinje yaing'ono. M'nyanja Elovka, zichokere nyanja. Spruce, madzi ndi Kudryashevka Kundurusha. Chebarkul zimachokera p. Koelga, mbali ya beseni ndi. Obi. Komanso nyanjayi magwero masika.

The madzi mu mgodi mchikakamizo cha zinthu zachilengedwe (chilala, kapena M'malo mwake, zaka achisanu) fluctuated pang'ono. Koma mu 1970 anakhala kugwa yovuta. Pofika mu 1990, kufika mamita 318 pamwamba pa nyanja pa mlingo wa 320 m. Iwo amayambidwa osati kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa zaka youma kwambiri, kuchuluka kwambiri tima kumwa madzi nyanja zosowa za Chebarkul dera (Chelyabinsk dera). Mpanda sanali upambana kiyubiki mamita miliyoni 3.6 pachaka. Komabe, mzinda ndiye ankadya za miliyoni 8 kiyubiki mamita. mamita nyanja madzi. Njira Atengedwa ku nkhokwe machulukitsidwe - kukodzedwa bedi mitsinje mu izo, anamanga payipi madzi Kambulatovskogo dziwe, anapanga reconnaissance artesian akasupe pafupi ndi mzindawo. Zonsezi kwakhululukidwa - mu 2000 madzi mu nyanja zinayamba kutuluka, ndipo pofika m'chaka cha 2007 mlingo chake bounced kumbuyo.

Nature ndi zinyama

Pa gombe la kumadzulo kwa Chebarkul ndi nkhalango yowirira. Palinso kawirikawiri ku South Ural zomera mitengo yabodza. Iwo kukula pafupifupi onse zilumba za nyanja. Kugombe la kum'mawa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi zomera nkhalango - kumunda ndi birch ochepa ndi m'nkhalango ya kuthengo nyanja buckthorn. M'mphepete mwa madzi ndi mwa kuchuluka kukula msondodzi, alder tchire.

Nyanja Chebarkul wolemera sedges, iri yofulumira, bango, cattails ndi pondweed. Makamaka kwambiri zomera ku gombe otsika a m'mbali mwa kumalo ndipo derali. M'nkhalango ya zomera ndi amakonda malo wintering ndi spawning nsomba. M'katikati mwa chilimwe limamasula madzi zambiri, makamaka kuryah chomwecho.

The zomera la nyanja ndi mwambo nyanja Ural. Izi makamaka nsomba - carp, crucian carp, rudd, bream, Pike, nsomba, ruff ndi ena. Chotero zosiyanasiyana zogwiriziza Chebarkulsky nsomba. Iye lilinso nsomba malonda. Nyanjayi ndi lotseguka kwa mafani onse nsomba, amene akhoza nsomba pa chaka chonse.
Pafupi kwambiri, makamaka kumbali ya kumadzulo zimapezeka nswala, akalulu, ankhandwe, nthawi zina amaoneka mbawala. Mu kuryah m'madambo momasuka kumva abuluzi ndi njoka. Chakupha mamba - alendo kawirikawiri pa nyanja Chebarkul. Mpumulo mukhoza kukonza chaka chonse, koma muyenera kusamala komanso kupewa madambo.

Chidwi mfundo - kugwa kwa miyala yochokera

Lero, nyanja Chebarkul odziwika padziko lonse. Chinali kutchuka kwa chochitika chapadera. February 15, 2013 pa dera la dera Chelyabinsk pamalo okwera pafupifupi 50 kuchokera panali kuphulika kwa kugwa kwa miyala yochokera a. Nyanja Chebarkul anakhala malo zidutswa kugwa wolemera pafupi 600 makilogalamu. Mu September chaka chimenechi, gawo la izo (4.8 makilogalamu), analeredwa pansi. Tsopano iye ali ndi Chelyabinsk owonetsera zakale.