Tchalitchi cha Santa Croce, Florence: ndemanga zithunzi

Tchalitchi cha Santa Croce (Florence) - mmodzi wa mipingo yaikulu mu mzinda ndi yaikulu Francis mu dziko, chinamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 13 mochedwa mu kalembedwe Florence Gothic, wotchuka ngati Pantheon wa Florence chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa manda amene ali m'manda ambiri otchuka Italy.

Mbiri ya nyumba

Malinga ndi nthano, woyambitsa wa Santa Croce ndi Frantsisk Assizsky (anafa 1226), woyang'anira woyera wa Italy, amene anapereka chuma, kupereka anthu lingaliro la kulapa ndi mtendere. Ngakhale yomanga ake anali atayamba mu 1295 pa malo a oratory yaing'ono anamanga ndi Franciscans, pafupi Arno Mtsinje. Dzina la Santa Croce (Florence) - Mpingo wa Cross Woyera mu Italy. kuti ali wopereka ntchito ya A. di Cambio, wosema m'deralo ndipo wamanga. Kumangidwa anali pa ndalama za chuma Florence mabanja, omwe ndi mwayi ndalama zomangira malo oyera, ndipo anapitiriza pafupifupi zaka 150. Opatulidwira ku tchalitchi anali mu 1443 ndi Papa Eugene 4.

Maonekedwe a mpingo unasintha kangapo zaka zambiri. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka kwa wapakamwa wa Santa Croce (Florence): Photo m'zaka za m'ma 19. izo zikusonyeza ndi unadorned kwathunthu. Maonekedwe atsopano a wapakamwa 3 makonde, chokongoletsedwa ndi nsangalabwi zoyera, anali kokha mu 1853-1863 gg. wamanga N. Matas kalembedwe Wachiwiri-Gothic pa ndalama za English Achiprotestanti, makamaka wofuna kuthandiza British FJ. Sloane. Chifukwa chake chokongoletsera anaonekera buluu zisanu ananena Star ya Davide imene si chizindikiro cha Chikhristu.

Florence tchalitchi cha Santa Croce (chithunzi ndi kufotokozera)

Mbali yaikulu ya nyumbayi inamangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mtanda T woboola pakati. Zaka zapitazi pang'onopang'ono kumbali zonse anawonjezera outbuildings (yopemphereramo). The tiers m'munsi a tchalitchi ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi arcades wokongola, chapamwamba - French mawindo. Kumanzere kwa nyumbayi akudutsa Kukhonde la mpweya ndi kuwala arches.

Chiwonongeko zinachitika m'nthawi ya 16. Mu 1512 nsanja akale inang'ambika chifukwa mphezi, izo akanatha kuchira okha 1847 zomangidwazo J. Bakkani, ndipo tsopano ndi Kuwonjezera chachikulu nyumba yaikulu.

Basil Santa Croce, Florence mulinso 3 kunyumba, mmodzi amene lakonzedwa A.di Cambio. The zina, inali kum'mwera, kulengedwa ndi Brunelleschi ndipo chimodzi cha mchitidwe umenewu wokongola kwambiri wa Florence. A 3 kunyumba wocheperako (13.) Kutseka gulu nyumba zachilendo Francis.

Front wa mpingo wa Santa Croce m'bwalo fano la Dante, analengedwa ndi ziboliboli E. Patsii mu 1865. Poyamba, iye anali pakati, koma kenako anagwidwa chifukwa cha zochitika pafupi nyumbayi.

Mkati mwa Santa Croce

The gawo lamkati imakhala yaikulu yaikulu danga kutalika 115 m, pogwiritsa ntchito zojambula wapadera. Izi zimaonekera makamaka chipangizo nave wosiyana awiri lateral zipilala ofukula 8 mpweya gawo, umene m'mwamba kuchokera Chipilala zisonga.

Ndi nthawi kusankha mkati mwa tchalitchi anali mwamuna wolimba mtima ndi sagwirizana nazo, kulola wodzipatula izo kuchokera nyumba ina achipembedzo a mumzindawo. Kuwala umadutsa mkati mwa zenera zithunzi anapanga A.Gaddi.

M'zaka za m'ma 16. mpingo womwenso anakonza, chifukwa cha zimene (pa mapeto a akatswiri) wataya pang'ono kukongola kwake. Kulowererana anapanga mtanda mtundu, ndipo zili mu tombstones pansi, agwilitse pafupifupi danga lonse la nave lapansi.

Guwa la mpingo ndi frescoes

The frescoes zokongoletsera makoma pafupi ndi guwa lansembe chachikulu, zopangidwa ndi A. Gaddi (1387) zochokera nthano ya Cross oona. Kumanja: Mikayeli Mkulu wa Angelo nthambi ya mtengo wa anasamutsidwa nzeru, Mfumukazi ya ku Sheba ndi kulambira Mtengo wa Cross, ndi ena kumanzere - St. Helena akubweretsa Cross Opatulika ku Yerusalemu, mfumu achotsa Percy ake, Byzantine mfumu Heraclius akubwerera Cross ku Yerusalemu, ndi zina ... d. Zojambula pakhoma komanso amapanga ndi kuchuluka kwa banja ndi maphwando a zithunzi. Wokongola akale othimbirira galasi mazenera anapangidwa m'ma 14.

Guwa polyptych, lolembedwa ndi N. Gerini, chikusonyezera Madonna ndi Child, mulitali anali opangidwa ndi ojambula zithunzi zina, pamwamba - "Kupachikidwa", penti ndi ambuye Giotto sukulu.

Korona ndi guwa ndi imodzi mwa zojambula wapadera wa mpingo - "The Kupachikidwa", amene analengedwa ndi mbuye Cimabue. Izi kupenta lalikulu (4,5h3,9 m), anaika pa ntanda, imatengedwa kwambiri chidwi buku la kupachikidwa. Komabe, mu chigumula mu 1966. Ntchito kwambiri kuonongeka kuti ngakhale ankafuna kubwezeretsa akhala kukonzanso kwathunthu.

mpingo Chapel

Mkati mpingo Santa Croce (Florence) imapezeka transepts Chapel 16 (maola), omwe ndi kutambasuka umodzi. Chapel ndi zithunzi zokongola m'makoma wapadera ndi ziboliboli zaka osiyana, omwe anachita ojambula zithunzi otchuka Italy: Matteo Rosell, J ku San Giovanni, Fra Bartolomeo, J. Lee Bondone ndi ophunzira ake ...

Wotchuka wa iwo:

• Chapel Maggiore Zojambula pakhoma "Nthano ya St. Cross" A.Gaddi anachita (1380).
• Castellani yopemphereramo ndi frescoes ndi A. Gaddi ndi zithunzi za ku moyo wa Oyera (1385).
• Baronchelii Chapel ndi manda banja ndi osauka, penti ndi T. Gaddi "Madonna", pa makoma ena - amajambulapo maluwa okongola ku moyo mwa Namwali Mariya.
• Rinuccini Chapel ndi mfiti John. Di Milano, chosonyeza moyo wa Mariya wa Magadala ndi Mariya Virigo (1379).
• Peruzzi yopemphereramo lili chifanizo cha moyo wa Baptist J. ndi I. Mlaliki, penti ndi Giotto.
• Capella Bardi - zounikira moyo wa Fr. Assisi (wojambula Giotto).
• Other Chapel (Medici Tosin, Pulci neri Al.) Komanso zimasunga wapatali luso.

Mkati mwa tchalitchi lili obisika pabwalo, kuchokera amene angapeze m'tchalitchi. Choncho, Cappella DEI Pazzi, amatchedwa "chamtengo wapatali ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano Early," chokongoletsedwa ndi ntchito wokongola wa Brunelleschi (1443), chokongoletsedwa ndi wotchuka ambuye Italy D. da Settignano, L. zochitika Robbia, J .. Da Maia. Pamaso yopemphereramo ndi pronaos ongokhala Korinto mizati. Mu 1461, iye chidafundidwa ndi mzikiti yaing'ono.

Pantheon wa Santa Croce

Mu mpingo wa Santa Croce (Florence) kunama anthu otchuka mu Italy ndi nzika wolemekezeka wa Florence. Part m'manda - woona, amene anaika otchuka akufa, pamene ena otchedwa cenotaphs, - gravestones kuti mulibe zotsalira anthu.

Santa Croce akuti ndi malo a magwero a Kubadwa Kwatsopano, monga Chipilala muli manda a L. Bruni, ndondomeko Italy, olengedwa mwa 1444 ndi mbuye
B. Rossellino. chipilala umenewu wakhala chitsanzo ntchito tsogolo la Kubadwa Kwatsopano, kuphatikizapo gravestone K. Marsuppini pafupi khoma kumpoto kwa mpingo.

M'manda wotchuka zili pamodzi lamanja nave khoma kum'mwera:

• Chipilala Michelangelo-kugwira anapanga Vazari mbuye (1579), ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama ntchito ndi mafano J. Battista ndi B. Ciol. Ngakhale Michelangelo anafa Rome, koma anapatsa m'manda yekha kwawo. Pogwira mphamvu zake, ndi chilolezo cha meya Florence, AL Buanarotti anaba thupi la Michelangelo ku Rome ndi Mwakachetechete anamubweretsa iye kuno.

• Cenotaph Dante Aligeri ndi fano la ngwazi za ntchito zake anapanga ndi ziboliboli Ricci (1829).
• Chipilala Machiavelli ntchito Spinatsii (1787).
• Manda a Galileo Galilei, yemwe anamwalira mu 1642, Komabe, chifukwa cha chiletso cha mpingo si m'manda malinga ndi miyambo ya Christian mpaka chaka cha 1737 ndiye thupi lake natengedwa ndi kuikidwa mu mpingo, ndi chosema ndi kugwira ya Galileo anapanga Dzh.Battista Foggini.

• Mwalawapamutu Wolemba George. Rossini, anatamanda sewero la Italy a "The Barber wa Seville." zaka 9 atafa mu 1868 ku Paris, thupi lake kusamutsidwa kwa Pere Lachaise manda ndi m'manda ku Florence pano.
• Tombstone mbiri ndi nthumwi N. Machiavelli.
• Manda a Joseph Napoleon ndi mwana wake wamkazi ndi ena.

Okwana mpingo m'manda pafupifupi 300 lopambana Italy, aliyense tombstone ali chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli ndi Antiokeya-ziboliboli.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zokopa za mpingo - anapanga Florence Pio Fedi mu 1883. fano la ndakatulo anadzipereka kwa chikumbukiro cha ndakatulo ndi Wolemba wina J. Battista Nikollini .. Iwo anaika pa manda ake mu tchalitchi cha St. Cross.

chithunzi Izi zikufanana kwambiri Chosemedwa cha Ufulu, ntchito yaikulu French ziboliboli Fr. Bartholdi (1887). Kodi mukudziwa Bartholdi mu 1870 ankakhala Florence ndipo zikuoneka kuti anauziridwa ndi ntchito za ziboliboli Italy.

chidwi chachikulu pakati pa alendo ndi cenotaph wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka Dante (1265-1321) ili mpingo wa Santa Croce (Florence). Nkhani ya manda a ndakatulo iyi, wotchuka kwambiri "Divine Comedy" ndipo analenga masiku zolembalemba Italy, kwa zaka mazana angapo. Pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo Florence asamenyana na mzinda wa Ravenna pa ufulu kunyamula ndikaike mtembo wake Komabe, si kukwaniritsa zimenezi. Izo zinachitika m'zaka 14. vuto la olamulira ndi nzika za Florence, amene anathamangitsidwa mzinda wawo wa Dante wa nkhaniyo zokayikitsa ndi maganizo otsutsa. Wolemba anasamukira ku Ravenna, kumene anakafa. Pamene Florence anapempha kuti amupatse phulusa la Dante, ndi Ravenna sanagwirizane, ndipo kuyambira ndi sarcophagus ku Santa Croce waima kanthu.

Santa Croce: malo, maola maloboti, mitengo

Kupeza tchalitchi wotchuka, inu mubwere Piazza Santa Croce (Florence), lomwe n'kosathandiza. Dera limeneli masiku akale anali kudzachita fairs ndi thupi, izo wakhala tsopano kudzachita zikondwerero, zisudzo ndi zoimbaimba. Iwo anagwiritsanso nthawizina mu mpikisano Florence mpira, pamene osewera ndi zovala zakale ndi mpikisano lolimba malamulo akale.

Mu Santa Croce (Florence) maola m'nyumbayi-mpingo kuchokera 9,30 kuti 17,30 pa mlungu ndi Loweruka tchuti - kuchokera 14,00 kuti 17.00.

Price mu mpingo wa matikiti: 8 yuro, Kuchotsera matikiti ana zaka 11-17, ophunzira - 4 mayuro, free chikuonetseratu kuti ana osaposa zaka 11, anthu a ku Florence, olumala ndi m'munsili.

Reviews

Alendo odzacheza mpingo wokongola wa Santa Croce (Florence), ndi zapamwamba ndiponso otchuka choonetsedwa: iliyonse yopemphereramo mkati mpingo - kowonera zakale osiyana, kupereka ntchito aluso kwambiri, aliyense tombstone - ndi lodabwitsa luso sculptural. Maganizo amene anasonyeza ndi wolemba wotchuka Stendhal, amene anapita tchalitchi: chisangalalo kumalire ndi dziko la ulemu. Chimodzimodzi kuganiza izi nyumba yaikulu mu anthu amakono.