Tetanus: zizindikiro ana. Zizindikiro ndi kafumbata tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kupewa ndi Chithandizo

Tetanus - matenda amene wakhala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Wotchuka dokotala Hippocrates m'zaka za m'ma 5 BC, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro. Koma akunong'oneza bondo aliyense, kafumbata mutu amakhalabe zogwirizana masiku ano. Ichi ndi chifukwa ambiri amafa chifukwa matenda. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti chaka chilichonse kafumbata kufa anthu m'ma 160 zikwi mu dziko.

Kufotokoza mwa chidule za

Tetanus ndi nthenda yoopsa. Iwo amakhala ndi Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa poizoni woopsa ndi mokwanira mofulumira matenda Inde. Kuti athe kumvetsa bwinobwino vuto lonse la zikamera wa matenda, suffices kuti mudziwe kuti 30-50% ya odwala kufa. Mwa iwo amene zalandira katemera wa kafumbata. M'mayiko ndi mankhwala ofooka, chithunzi ichi ukufika 85-90%. Tetanus amachititsa ntchito yofunika tizilombo atagonjetsa mu thupi kudzera mabala ndi khungu kuwonongeka ena. Chinthu zoyenerera kudera la kubalana awo - otentha ndi chinyezi chilengedwe. Chifukwa chakuti ambiri mwa ana onse amene amafa zalembedwa kuchokera kafumbata zachitika mu sub-Saharan Africa m'mayiko, Asia ndi Latin America. Koma ngakhale mayiko lolemera European matenda chaka chilichonse anthu ambiri amamwalira. Pa mfundo imeneyi, sitingathe kunena kuti anthu a m'madera ambiri kutukuka ndi otetezeka.

Nthumwi causative za kafumbata

tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kafumbata ndi nthumwi Bacillaceae banja. Mu zochitika wamba la kubalana awo amapezeka mu nyama ndi matumbo anthu. Komabe, iwo amayambitsa mwamtheradi kupweteka. Panthawi oyamba mu bala, ndi zikhalidwe za kusowa mtheradi wa mpweya, izi oyambitsa chete kukhala kwathunthu zosiyana. Zimachitika wotanganidwa kusankha poizoni umene ndi wamphamvu poizoni bakiteriya. Amakhulupirira mofulumira kwambiri, komanso chitukuko cha matenda lotchedwa kafumbata. Zizindikiro ana nthawi zina asunga mwa maola ochepa chichitikireni matenda. nthumwi za zinthu zotha nthawi yomweyo chabwinobwino kwathunthu ngati kuwameza, chifukwa iwo odzipereka mwa Kakhungu mucous. Koma pamene Kutentha kapena mutamwa cheza ultraviolet, iwo mofulumira kufa.

Kodi ali ndi kachilombo kafumbata?

Kufunika kumezetsanitsa kumachitika pamene pali choipa, kapena kuwonongeka kwa khungu kapena nembanemba mucous. Ovuta kwambiri mu nkhani iyi ndi kuya lalikulu la odulidwa mabala, chifukwa Anawasandutsa abwino chitukuko cha zoipa zinthu tizilombo. Komanso, kutsegula matenda angayambe ndi amayaka, frostbite ndi matenda yotupa. khanda mukhoza kupeza kafumbata kudzera chingwe umbilical, ngati zinali zitatsekedwa zida zoipa ankachitira.

wothandizila Causative za matenda kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Ali:

• mu nyumba fumbi;
• dziko;
• mchere ndi madzi;
• ndowe za nyama kwambiri.

Spores ndi vegetative Bacillus kafumbata kasinthidwe likupezeka mu intestine anthu.

Mlingo wa kudziwa matenda ndi mkulu anthu amisinkhu yonse, koma ana ambiri matenda linalembedwa mu zaka 3-7.

Kodi nthawi makulitsidwe ndi kafumbata?

Ndi angati kafumbata kuonekera? Makulitsidwe a matenda zimatenga nthawi zosiyana za nthawi - kuchokera masiku 1-2 kwa miyezi 2. Pankhaniyi, pafupifupi - masabata 1-2. Kutalika kwa nthawi makulitsidwe, zovuta matenda amadalira: ndi kakang'ono kuposa, m'pamenenso adzakhala ambiri kuthekera kwa matenda ndi imfa.

Panthawi imeneyi, malowedwe a mabakiteriya mu sing'anga chikhalidwe ndi kubalana awo amayamba. Iwo limodzi ndi kutulutsidwa kwa poizoni wakupha. Odwala mu nthawi iyi kuzindikira kukhalapo zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• mutu;
• thukuta;
• imakungika;
• kochulukira mlingo wa irritability;
• kuzizira;
• kusowa tulo ndi matenda ena neuropsychiatric.

Chithunzi matenda ndi zizindikiro woyamba wa matenda

Isanayambike matenda nthawi zambiri ndi pachimake. M'kaundula milandu yaing'ono n'zochepa prodromal nthawi. Iwo anafotokoza ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• malaise;
• mutu;
• boma la maganizo ndi minofu chidule, kumene anavulazidwa ndi akufotokozera kafumbata.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira nthawi zambiri - ndi asowetsedwa ululu kulongolola pa bala malo, ngakhale anachiritsidwa. Mwa zizindikiro woyamba yeniyeni matenda, maonekedwe omwe mwina amasonyeza kafumbata a:

• mawonetseredwe lockjaw (spasmodic chidule) masticatory kuti azitha amachititsa kudzivula pakamwa;
• pamaso pa kumwetulira sardonic, chifukwa cha zomwe akuti zachitika nkhanza chipongwe (kukwaniritsa kosavomereza, maso yafupika, milomo elongated mu kumwetulira);
• chiwonetsero cha dysphagia (Pomeza mavuto), chifukwa cha zomwe ndi kuphipha convulsive a minofu ya pharynx ndi;
• ouma khosi minofu.

Kupezeka kwa woyamba zizindikiro 3 yekha lililonse kwa kafumbata.

mbali khalidwe la msinkhu wa kafumbata

Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa matenda - masiku 8-12. M'njira kwambiri, izo kumawonjezera ndi 2-3. Kutalika kwa gawo lino la matenda kumatengera zifukwa zotsatirazi:

• liwiro la mankhwala kwa dokotala;
• kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa katemera;
• mmene kuwononga khungu.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, kawirikawiri wapezeka kafumbata. Zizindikiro za ana zotsatirazi:

• convulsive chidule minofu nkhope, maonekedwe khalidwe kumwetulira;
• kovuta kumeza chakudya;
• minofu ya miyendo ndi mimba yomangika kwambiri;
• chowawa khunyu;
• kwambiri thukuta;
• aakulu tulo;
• apnea, cyanosis; asphyxia;
• kuphwanya urethral ndi magazi ndondomeko;
• nyamuka kwambiri kutentha.

Pamene panalibe Katemera kafumbata, imfa wodwalayo ndi kuphipha minofu kupuma kapena ziwalo za minofu mtima. Palinso zimakonda imfa malo ofunika kwambiri wa m'mnyewa wamtima infarction, sepsis, embolism ndi chibayo.

Tetanus mu akhanda

Pankhani ana akhanda, njira ya matenda ndi zovuta kwambiri, ndipo pafupifupi 100% milandu, pali imfa. Kwa ana mbali khalidwe la mawonekedwe matenda monga kafumbata. Zizindikiro choyamba - ndi nkhawa, kenaka utentha mamba pachigama, kuphwanya Pomeza ndi woyamwa reflex. Kenako, minofu kuphipha wa khosi ndi khunyu ambiri. Nthawi zambiri, amafa maola oyambirira isanayambike matenda.

nthawi kuchira

Ngati makolo asonyeza nthawi azaumoyo mwana amene kafumbata, mankhwala kumachitika pang'onopang'ono pa nthawi zizindikiro za matenda zikawoneka. Kutalika kwa gawo lino miyezi 2. Panthawi imeneyi, mwana wadwala kwambiri chiopsezo zosiyanasiyana zosokonezeka. Choncho, mosalekeza kuwunika chikhalidwe chake.

Pambuyo achire, pangakhale zizindikiro yotsalira amene anaona nthawi m'malo yaitali. Zikuphatikizapo minofu stiffness, kufooka ambiri etc.

mitundu ya matenda

Ndi yokoka, pali kuwala, zolimbitsa ndi aakulu mitundu ya kafumbata.

mawonekedwe wofatsa yosowa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa nthawi makulitsidwe ndi masiku 14-20, ndi chitukuko cha zizindikiro kumachitika masiku 5-6. Iwo amakhala ndi:

• ofooka mawu amene akupezeka spasms tetanic (kapena kupanda kwake);
• m'dera convulsive kunjenjemera minofu (zizindikiro kafumbata mu bala kapena m'dera lake);
• oti amanenedwa pa chilichonse minofu hypertonicity ;
• palibe kapena mawu pang'ono za dysphagia ndi tachycardia;
• labwinobwino kapena otsika kalasi malungo.

Makhalidwe waukulu njira makezana za kafumbata:

• Nthawi makulitsidwe - masiku 15-20;
• chitukuko cha ingachititse pakati zizindikiro - masiku 3-4;
• zolimbitsa kusalekerera zizindikiro matenda onse a;
• pakalibe asphyxia ndi kumeza mavuto.

Aakulu yodziwika mokwanira lalifupi makulitsidwe nyengo - masiku 7-14. Pankhaniyi, pasanathe masiku 1-2 akufotokozera kafumbata. Zizindikiro ana ndi zoonekeratu ndithu. Koma mavuto amene angasokoneze moyo wa mwana, pali zambiri osowa.

mankhwala a kafumbata

Amafuna lofotokoza yobereka kuchipatala mwana ndi amaganiziridwa kafumbata. Chithandizo cha mitundu zoopsa kwambiri ikuchitika pambuyo chikuonetseratu kuti ndi mankhwala mwakayakaya.

muyeso zofunika ndi chilonda opaleshoni, imene excision ikuchitika minofu zowonongeka ndi kuchotsa matupi yachilendo.

Kuthetsa mitundu vegetative za kafumbata Bacillus ndi necrotic minofu wochititsidwa mankhwala opha tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri ikuchitika m'kupita kwa woika Mlingo waukulu wa penicillin m'nsinga. Kutalika kwa mankhwala amenewa kwa masiku osachepera 10. Pankhani ya Popanda kuchitapo kanthu jekeseni ya penicillin kutumikiridwa kafumbata, wopangidwa mwa tetracycline.

Chithandizo cha ana odwala ikuchitika mothandizidwa ndi immunoglobulin yeniyeni anthu. Iwo kutumikiridwa intramuscularly. Limodzi ndi khalidwe subcutaneous utsogoleli wa kafumbata toxoid katatu. The imeneyi pakati jekeseni masiku 5-7.

Kuti atsogolere chikhalidwe mwanayo, lili bata ndi mtendere. Komanso pali mankhwala symptomatic, izi zimakhudza mmene anapeza kafumbata. Zizindikiro ana kuletsedwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• namkulunga chithandizo;
• kuchepa kwa kuyima mwamphamvu;
• kupewa sepsis ndi chibayo;
• kusintha m'mapapo mpweya wabwino;
• mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi.

Kuteteza za kafumbata

Zochokera chakuti ndi matenda oopsa, zodzitetezera zofunika kwambiri. Amathandiza kuti kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha nkhani ya matenda, atsogolere Inde ndi zotsatira za kafumbata. zodzitetezera ali enieni ndi nonspecific.

mawonekedwe Non-zenizeni za kupewa matenda a yatsoka ana ndi kuchita ntchito zotsatirazi:

• kusunga sterility pa ntchito ndi ntchito;
• scrupulous obrabatyvaniya mabala omwe Alangizeni ikuchitika ntchito antiseptics.

Specific kupewa kafumbata khalidwe anakonza kapena mwadzidzidzi. Cholinga cha ndilo katemera motsutsana kafumbata, - chilengedwe cha chitetezo chokwanira munthu ndi kukumbukira immunological. Katemera wa ana ikuchitika malinga ndi kalendala ya katemera - 3 zina mwezi wachitatu wa moyo ndi chilimbikitso zaka 1-1.5.

Katemera motsutsana kafumbata ana sizitanthauza kukhalapo kwa chitetezo chokwanira mwakhama kuti tizilomboto matendawa. Iwo okha amathandiza dongosolo yokumba chitetezo komanso zimathandiza kuthetsa kafumbata Bacillus, anakapezeka thupi.