The pazipita pamadzi akuya sitima zankhondo: mbali ndi zofunika

Sitima zapamadzi shipbuilding ali zolinga zingapo. Onse a iwo, mwanjira ina, yogwirizana ndi kuchepa ndi luso kudziwa sitima zankhondo ndi kuwonjezeka mtunda pakati ndi pamwamba madzi, komanso ena zinthu zina. Inde, asilikali mafakitale zovuta ambiri dera, zolinga za amene ali osiyana kwambiri ndi zolinga ndi mtendere wa munthu wamba. Komabe, m'nkhani ino ife tione deta zimene pamadzi akuya sitima zankhondo, komanso mmene mtengo uwu zimasiyanasiyana.

A mbiri pang'ono: bathyscaphe

Ife tiri mu chifuniro chuma, kumene, pa Zombo Zankhondo lapansi. Ngakhale kufufuza anthu pa malo m'madzi monga ulendo, ngakhale dziko la kuya pazipita - pansi pa Mariana ngalande, amene amadziwika kuti zoposa 11 Km from pamwamba pa nyanja. Komabe, ubatizo zakale zomwe zinachitika kumbuyo mu 1960, anali amachitika bathyscaphe a. Ichi ndi chipangizo kuti alibe buoyancy m'njira zonse, kuyambira likhoza kumira ndipo adzaukitsidwa chifukwa ndale za ukachenjede mwapang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, ntchito bathyscaphe palibe funso la akusuntha mu ndege yopingasa pa mtunda uliwonse kwambiri. Choncho kumiza akuya sitima zankhondo, amene amadziwika kuti tigonjetse ataliatali submersibles ang'onoang'ono kwambiri umboni kwa osachepera bola.

Khalidwe zofunika kwambiri

Kulankhula za mbiri mu chitukuko cha malo nyanja, sitiyenera kuiwala za sitima zankhondo cholinga chenicheni. Mipherezero asilikali ndi warhead, zomwe zambiri amakhala pa sitima zoterozo, sikumangotanthauza ndi kuyenda apamwamba M'pofunika iwo. Komanso, iwo ayenera kukhala waluso pa kubisala abwino izi zimatengedwa madzi mzati pa nthawi yoyenera mwamsanga kumira kuti pakufunika atafa kuya asilikali ntchito. Ndipotu, yotsirizira Mzimuyo mlingo wa imapanga nkhondowo sitimayo. Choncho, pazipita kumiza akuya sitima zapamadzi ndi imodzi mwa makhalidwe ake ofunika kwambiri.

kuwonjezeka zinthu

Pali tiganizira angapo pankhani imeneyi. Kuwonjezeka akuya sitima zapamadzi umathandiza kusintha maneuverability ndege umodzi, kuyambira kutalika kwa warship ndi zambiri osachepera angapo makumi a mamita. Choncho, ngati mamita 50 m'madzi, miyeso yake kawiri, ikuyenda pansi kapena mmwamba ndi zinadzala ndi lathunthu imfa obisika.

Komanso, pali chinthu chotero monga "matenthedwe wosanjikiza" amene kwambiri kusokoneza sonar mbendera ndime madzi. Mukapita pansipa iwo, sitima zapamadzi amakhala pafupifupi "zosaoneka" chifukwa kutsatira zida zombo pamwamba. Osanenapo chakuti pa kuya kwambiri chipangizo ndiyo ovuta kwambiri kuwononga chida aliwonse pa dziko.

Kwakukulu kumiza akuya sitima zankhondo, mphamvu ayenera kupatsana komabe kuthamanga kwambiri. Izi, kachiwiri, mu manja a chitetezo imapanga wamba za m'chombo. Pomaliza, ngati kuya malire limakupatsani kugona pansi pa nyanja, komanso kumawonjezera sitima zapamadzi chozemba chifukwa zipangizo aliyense Rada kupezeka kwa kachitidwe kamakono kutsatira.

terminology Basic

Pali makhalidwe awiri aakulu, kusonyeza luso la sitima zapamadzi kuti kuyenda pansi pa madzi. The choyamba - otchedwa mozama ntchito. Magwero zakunja, komanso zikuoneka ngati mwachisawawa. khalidwe Izi zikusonyeza kuya madzi sitima zapamadzi, sipangakhalenso adatchithisira mopanda malire nthawi pa nthawi yonse imene ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, US "Thrasher" zambiri zopangidwa 40 imadumphira m'madzimo uku ikukupiza chaka mkati phindu ntchito mpaka nthawi yotsatira inu amafuna kuti asapitirire chisoni zatha ndi manja onse mu Atlantic. The chachiwiri zofunika Mbali - pafupifupi kapena kuwononga (magwero yachilendo) mozama. Iwo limafanana chikuperekedwa pa zomwe kuthamanga hydrostatic kuposa mphamvu za thupi, masamu nthawi kupanga chipangizo.

ayese kuya

Pali wodziwanso kuposa chizindikiro zimene ziyenera otchulidwa yonse. Ichi ndi kuya kwa ubatizo wa sitima zapamadzi, ndi malire malinga anapezazo, kupeza pansipa zingachititse chiwonongeko cha khungu yokha, kapena mafelemu, kapena zida kunja. Limatchedwanso "mayeso" magwero yakunja. Zilibe Mulimonsemo sayenera kuposa kwa chipangizo chinachake.

Kubwerera ku "Thresher": ongolankhula = mamita 300, anapitiriza kuyesa akuya mamita 360. Mwa njira, kuzama kwa sitima zapamadzi watumidwa yomweyo pambuyo kukulozani mu United States kuchokera mbewu ndi zoona, "umayendetsedwa mu" pa izo nthawi inayake pamaso imafalikira kulamula dipatimenti. Tinganene nkhani wachisoni "Thrasher". Mayesero mamita 360 momvetsa chisoni kwa iye, ndipo ngakhale sizinali chifukwa tatikulu, ndi luso mavuto ndi sitima zapamadzi nyukiliya zoyendetsedwa, koma ngozi, zikuoneka, si mwangozi.

The sitima zapamadzi anataya liwiro chifukwa injini amasiya, mbaliza ballast akasinja alephera, ndi unit anapita pansi. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kuwonongedwa kwa sitima zapamadzi alumikizana zinachitika pa akuya pafupifupi mamita 700., kuti, monga taonera, pakati pa mtengo mayeso komanso zosokoneza pali kusiyana yabwino.

Ziwerengero pafupifupi

M'kupita kwa nthawi, kumene, mfundo zinandivuta kukula. Ngati sitima zapamadzi la World Wachiwiri anali masamu pa mtengo wa mamita 100-150, m'badwo wotsatira wa malire awa kuchuluka. Kutulukira kuthekera ntchito fission nyukiliya kulenga Motors kumiza kuya sitima zankhondo komanso kuchuluka. Mu 60s oyambirira iye kale anali za 300-350 mamita. sitima zankhondo zamakono zili ndi malire za meters 400-500. Padakali kutsogolo ichi, pali stagnation bwino izo zikuwoneka kuti vuto la zochitika mtsogolo, ngakhale ponena ndi ntchito modabwitsa analengedwa mu Soviet Union mu 80s ofunika.

mbiri mtheradi

Tikulankhula za sitima zapamadzi "Komsomolets", mwatsoka, chisoni kumizidwa, koma Atate wanga adzaupereka kwa pachimake akadali wosagonjetsedwa mu chitukuko cha sitima zankhondo amakono kwambiri nyanja. ntchito yapadera imeneyi komabe alibe analogues mu dziko. The chakuti cholimba kwambiri, zodula kwambiri ndi kovuta posamalira zinthu ankagwiritsa ntchito kupanga thupi lake - titaniyamu. The pazipita kumiza akuya sitima zapamadzi mu dziko adakali wa "Komsomolets". nkhani anakhazikitsidwa mu 1985, pamene Soviet sitima zapamadzi anafika mamita 1027 pansi pa nyanja.

Mwa njira, phindu opaleshoni chifukwa anali mamita 1,000 ndipo Akuti - 1250. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, "Komsomolets" Amira mu 1989 chifukwa moto amphamvu, umene unayamba pa akuya pafupifupi 300 meters. Ngakhale, mosiyana chomwecho "Thrasher" zimatengedwa anapeza, nkhani akadali zinali zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. The moto anawononga sitima zapamadzi kuti pasanapite nthawi kumira. anthu angapo anaphedwa mu moto panobe, ndipo pafupifupi theka la adalira anamira mu madzi achisanu mpaka podospevala thandizo.

Pomaliza

Kuya kwa ubatizo wa sitima zankhondo ano mamita 400-500, pazipita ndi mfundo zambiri penapake apamwamba. Lembani 1027 meters, anapereka "Komsomolets", koma sangakwanitse aliyense wa alipo sitima zankhondo onyamula zida a m'mayiko onse. Mawu m'tsogolo.