Thermoelectric jenereta: Akale ndi Ano

Kodi inu munayamba mwaganizapo chakuti ochiritsira uvuni kapena mbaula mafuta akhoza osati kupereka wachikondi, komanso gwero la magetsi? Bwanji, ngakhale moto kukwera akhoza analandira ngakhale ang'ono, koma nthawi zina zofunika kwambiri magetsi ...

Kodi izo zonse zinayamba

Zida imene zizindikiro ngati n'zotheka, lotchedwa "thermoelectric jenereta". iye anabadwa, komanso onse magetsi, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi lakutali. Kamodzi wasayansi German Thomas Seebeck anaganiza kuchita kuyesera. Iye anatenga mawaya awiri zitsulo zosiyana, ndi china chotulutsa iwo mu mphete chatsekedwa. Kenako malekezero a soldering mkangano ndipo anaona kuti mphete panopa anaonekera. Komabe, atulukira wasayansi anayamikira osati - panopa anali zochepa kuti ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupatula choyezera kutentha. Ndi pa zaka handiredi ndi yotentha ndi ntchito anapeza otchedwa Seebeck thermocouples.

Zinthu zinasintha pambuyo zaka, asayansi anachita chidwi mu semiconductors. Mu 1930s, ndi Soviet sayansi AF Ioffe soldered mu semiconductors mphete ndipo anapeza kuti panopa kutulutsa mphamvu olemekezeka kwambiri. mphete michenga yopangira zida zamagetsi ndi opsinjika pa nyali palafini, ngati kolala ndi. malekezero wamumtima kulandira kutentha kwa nyali, kukhudza galasi ake. Mapeto lakunja la kuzirala chifukwa cha pamwamba ambiri mwa nthiti. Popeza thermoelectric jenereta anali zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito. Izo ntchito mwakhama malo pamene panalibe ngakhale magetsi aliyense. Mwachitsanzo, m'midzi kupereka mawailesi. Kutulukira ndi wotakataka ndi nkhondo. Chete jenereta pamene ankagwira ntchito analola kuti ntchito za malo mphamvu kumunda.

Jenereta ndi stuffing oopsa

Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri lingaliro la magetsi ku mphamvu matenthedwe kwachititsa kuti zikamera a mtundu watsopano wa magudumu thermoelectric omwe 'kutenthetsa "ndi zinthu nyukiliya. Otchedwa radioisotope thermoelectric jenereta mu USSR ntchito kupereka lighthouses m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mu United States ntchito magudumu amenewa kuti zinthu danga. Mafuta RTGs (chidule chipangizo dzina) anatumikira monga strontium-90.

Pa dzanja limodzi, monga jenereta thermoelectric ndi cholimba, pa zina - ndi gwero la ngozi yaikulu. Izi zinadziwika makamaka Russia lero, kumene RTGs ambiri pa gombe nthawi yaitali mu dongosolo, ndipo tsopano ayima popanda kuyang'aniridwa iliyonse, monga mbamu chokoma kwa okhometsa wa zitsulo zotha. Choncho, mwa kuyesa kuchotsa zipangizo monga zotheka.

Mu msonkhano, ndipo makampani

Koma si zonse zoipa. Masiku ano thermoelectric jenereta anakhala chinthu chotchuka. Koposa zonse ndi, monga kale, lipindulitsa pa malo magetsi sadzakhala kudikira. Childs, zipangizozi ndi yaying'ono ndi chothandiza kwa alendo mu msonkhano, ndi panyanja pa ulendo, ndi mpulumutsi kapena msaki. Gwero la kutenthako angakhale moto ochiritsira, wakupatsa khama ladle ndi madzi kupeza zofunika kutentha dontho jenereta. The mphamvu analandira kwa chipangizo, zokwanira mlandu foni kapena kompyuta. Ena zitsanzo za magudumu Mwachitsanzo, GTP-12-12, wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mphika, amene inu akhoza kungoyankha kukangamira pa moto.

Ntchito magudumu thermoelectric ndi zolinga mafakitale. Pa ntchito ya mkati kuyaka injini kapena mpweya chopangira mphamvu, monga amadziwika, kwambiri kutentha ndi kwaiye. Ndipo ntchito kupangira magetsi, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mukufuna, ndipo ngakhale kupeza malonda ake. Usasiye lingaliro la ntchito mafuta nyukiliya monga gwero la kutenthako chifukwa jenereta ndi - akhazikitse zoikamo yoyenera mu United States ndi Russia.

Pomaliza, monga kale, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa thermoelectric jenereta ndi manja anu. Malinga ndi World Lonse Web akuyenda kulemera kuphunzitsa mavidiyo ndi nkhani mwatsatanetsatane za ndondomeko ya msonkhano. Koma mbali yaikulu ya jenereta ndi - thermoelectric gawo - adakali ndi kugula. Koma ambiri, chipangizo oterowo adzakhala mtengo zitsanzo kuwasindikiza.