Ndi youma-mtundu tiransifoma chiyani? Zofunika ndi Mbali

Ntchito mlingo mphamvu zomuthandiza kusintha kwa voteji wina. tiransifoma youma-mtundu (ayi - mpweya-utakhazikika) imagwira ntchito imeneyi bwinobwino ndi bwino kuti iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito yoika m'nyumba pagulu ndi zogona nyumba, kumene mitundu ina ya mafoni amenewa amaonedwa kwambiri yowopsa.

Mitundu thiransifoma: madzi mouma

Mfundo pali mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya makina onga: madzi kutchinjiriza ndi kuzirala (madzi mtundu) ndi utakhazikika ndi mpweya kapena mpweya mpweya osakaniza (youma mtundu).

Pakuti loyamba mtundu thiransifoma yozizira sing'anga mwina ochiritsira mchere mafuta. Komanso ntchito zinthu zina monga chimasanduka inflammable ndi madzi silikoni. Izi tiransifoma ndi pakati ndipo windings amizidwa mu thanki muli sing'anga madzi, amene akutumikira monga insulator, ndipo ndi ozizira.

Ambiri tiransifoma mphamvu ndi windings youma ndakweza epoxy utomoni kutumikira monga insulator ndi. Kumatetezera ochititsa ku fumbi ndi dzimbiri mumlengalenga. Komabe, popeza muchikombole kuti akuponya likudzandira akugwiritsidwa kokha ndi makulidwe amodzi, n'zotheka kusintha kapangidwe ka zipangizo amenewa ndi zochepa. Mu osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito mphamvu kotunga magetsi amakampani yaing'ono mafakitale, komanso nyumba onse ndi zogona, youma-mtundu tiransifoma kwathunthu kutsanzira angapo ubongo cha Akhristu ake madzi.

Magawo chachikulu

Nthaŵi yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito zipangizo ankaona - ndi kuonetsetsa kutentha kwa windings wa. Kuthandiza kusankha kapena kugula chipangizo kwa youma-mtundu magetsi a zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mfundo zochepa magawo zofunika opaleshoni:

1. KVA.
2. The oveteredwa voteji wa windings pulayimale ndi sekondale.
3. Kutentha kutengerapo kutchinjiriza dongosolo - kuchuluka kwa pazipita yozungulira kutentha kwa + nyamuka pafupifupi kutentha mu windings + kusiyana pakati pa avareji nyamuka kutentha windings ndi chithunzi lapamwamba pa iwo.
4. Phata ndi koyilo - lofunika makamaka n'zotheka kuwononga pachimake kapena kudzikundikira mitolo (mkuwa kapena zotayidwa akuwauza).

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thiransifoma kapangidwe kumatanthauza njira makamaka ntchito za kudzipatula windings. Ena mwa iwo ndi odziwika: Muzikuntha mipando impregnation, encapsulation ndi koyilo chosungunula. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse ya padera.

Kudzipatula zingalowe impregnation ndondomeko (VPI)

Njira imeneyi amalenga lacquer ❖ kuyanika ochititsa ndi alternating kuthamanga ndi zingalowe m'zinthu. VPI-ndondomeko amagwiritsa poliyesitala utomoni. Imakhala ochititsa bwino varnished kuposa ochiritsira kumiza zikuchokera. Coils, mbiphimbira, ndiye aikidwa m'ng'anjo, pamene kuphika. Iwo kupeza zambiri zosagwira kuti pakutchulidwa a kukha kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga. Kodi ndi thiransifoma zimenezi? Photo anatengedwa m'munsimu.

Paokha ndi zingalowe encapsulation (VPE)

Njira zambiri kuposa VPI-ndondomeko. maubatizo angapo akuwonjezeka pa kupanga ndondomeko ndi encapsulate ndi koyilo, kenako iwo anaphika mu ng'anjo ❖ kuyanika. Izi tiransifoma ndi yabwino koposa yoteteza mapangidwe ndewu ndi chinyezi kuposa VPI-analogues. Kodi ndi thiransifoma zimenezi? Photos anapereka m'munsimu izo.

Encapsulation (chidindo)

Encapsulated tiransifoma - chipangizo ochiritsira ndi coils yokutidwa ndi mankhwala pakachitsulo kapena epoxy utomoni ndi kwathunthu unazunguliridwa mu casing lolemera. Kupanga ndondomeko chimadzaza wandiweyani kumulowetsa ndi epoxy utomoni ndi mkulu dielectric mphamvu, kuteteza thiransifoma ku asatengere chilengedwe.

Osewera koyilo (mu tikaumbike kuumbidwa epoxy utomoni)

zipangizozi amapanga ndi koyilo, encapsulated mu epoxy utomoni m'kati mapangidwe. Iwo kwathunthu ndi utomoni pansi zingalowe m'malo.

Aliyense wa kumulowetsa njira kutchinjiriza mwachindunji yosayenera mapangidwe yeniyeni. Nkofunika kudziwa kumene bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu inanso yoyenera ya zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, youma-mtundu tiransifoma ndi kutchinjiriza osewera pafupifupi 50% mtengo kuposa mankhwala VPE kapena VPI. Choncho, kusankha mtundu winawake wa chipangizo akhoza kwambiri bwanji mtengo chonse cha polojekiti.

Malangizo kwa posankha

Ngati ndi kotheka, kuchuluka kukaniza kuti kukha kuŵala kwa m'mlengalenga (m. E. Magetsi kukha chifukwa cha mphamvu munda wamkulu kuposa dielectric mphamvu ya kutchinjiriza) pamene adakula mawotchi mphamvu ya kumulowetsa si chofunika, ntchito VPI-mtundu thiransifoma.

Ntchito coils ndi osewera amene amafuna mphamvu zina ndi chitetezo Mwachitsanzo, mu mapangidwe zikuwononga, monga zomera mankhwala processing zipangizo zomera, komanso unsembe panja. mapangidwe zikuwononga monga zinthu zimene zingakhale chimawononga windings zina youma-mtundu tiransifoma, kuphatikizapo mchere, fumbi, mipweya zikuwononga, chinyontho ndi tinthu zachitsulo.

Komanso, kumulowetsa ndi utomoni pulasitala ndi luso bwino kupirira yochepa ndi obwerezabwereza zimamuchulukira khalidwe njira zambiri mafakitale.

Injiniya amafunika kusankha pakati pa chipangizo utomoni kuponya kapena ake VPI / VPE-mtundu ntchito kwambiri zinthu ndi mapangidwe zikuwononga. Yoyamba nthawi ankaona yabwino. Anthu ena opanga Komabe, amasonyeza kuti kutchinjiriza kuponya utomoni zimasokoneza moyo utumiki wa thiransifoma lapansi. The koyefishienti wa matenthedwe patsogolo epoxy n'chochepa kuposa ochititsa mkuwa. Cyclical kuwonjezeka ndi chidule ndi Kutentha ndi kuzirala coils akathetse chifukwa akulimbana za utomoni wa. Iwo ananenanso kuti VPI-mtundu thiransifoma akhoza kulimbana bwino ndi njira ngati choncho limapitirira. Pomaliza, kusankha komaliza ndi mphamvu injiniya.

Phula mtundu ndi youma

Madzi odzazidwa tiransifoma, amakonda kukhala ndi dzuwa kuposa youma, kotero iwo ndi moyo wautali. Komanso, sing'anga madzi ndi yabwino kwambiri kuziziritsa malo m'dera la kutentha mu windings wa. Plus, ndi zipangizo madzi odzazidwa ndi zimamuchulukira mphamvu bwino.

Choncho, youma 1000 kVA thiransifoma ndi theka katundu mlingo zomvetsa pafupifupi 8 kW, ndi zonse - 16 kW. Choncho "zikwi a", koma ndi madzi ndi za zinyalala theka. Mafuta "dvuhtysyachnika" pa theka katundu imfa 8 kW ndi zonse - 16 kW. analogue wake youma yodziwika ndalama 13 26,5 kW, motero. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Championship ndi lakuti youma tiransifoma kusunga mlingo zomvetsa. mtengo pa nthawi yomweyo kuposa a madzi.

Chifukwa zambiri tima kuzirala madzimadzi kumulowetsa chipangizo ndi miyeso wocheperako (kuya ndipo m'lifupi) kuposa mphamvu youma ofanana. Izi zikhoza kukhala ndi malo kofunika substations thiransifoma (makamaka anamanga-), motero mtengo wa malo wonse. Choncho, ambiri youma KVA thiransifoma 1000 ali akuya 1.6 mamita ndi m'lifupi mwake 2,44 m. Pankhaniyi, mafuta omwewo ngati mosamala mozama ali ndi m'lifupi mwake za 1.5 m. Koma mtundu uwu ali Komabe, zina zovuta.

Mwachitsanzo, moto chitetezo ndi yofunika kwambiri tiransifoma ntchito yozizira sing'anga madzi amatha moto. Komabe, youma-mtundu tiransifoma akhoza Kuipako. Yosayenera opareshoni madzimadzi-mtundu zida Mwina amaphulika.

Malinga ndi zikhalidwe opaleshoni Nkhani madzi odzazidwa angafunike chipangizo mphasa kwa kusonkhanitsa coolant pa kuchucha ake zotheka.

Mwina posankha tiransifoma gawo la kusintha kuchokera mmalo bwino kwa mtundu madzi youma ndi pakati 500 kW ndi 2.5 MVA, m'menemo mtundu woyamba makamaka ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'munsi, ndi wachiwiri pamwamba.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusankha mtundu wa thiransifoma unsembe malo, monga mkati kapena kunja maofesiwo, ndi kukonzanso katundu mafakitale.

Youma-mtundu tiransifoma oveteredwa pa kuposa 5MVa mosavuta, koma ambiri a iwo ali madzi odzazidwa. Pakuti unsembe panja, ichinso ndi mtundu osakhala.

mawu ochepa A za mpweya wabwino

Pamene okonzeka ndi blower zimakupiza thiransifoma katundu mwina kwambiri kuonjezera. Choncho, chifukwa windings kuponya ntchito ngati angalere yaitali katundu mphamvu ndi 50% pamwamba mwadzina ndi. Pakuti VPE kapena VPI-mtundu mphamvu phindu mu nkhani iyi kungakhale kwa 33%.

Mwachitsanzo, muyezo mphamvu thiransifoma kVA kuti 3000 ndi koyilo pulasitala ndi zida zimakupiza ake Mpweya ukuwonjezeka kuti 4,500 KW (50%). Pa nthawi yomweyo VPE- kapena VPI-mtundu 2500 kVA mphamvu ndi zimakupiza yozizira kwezani kuti 3.333 KW (33%).

Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira nthawi zonse kuti kukhalapo kwa blower ndi amachepetsa kudalirika wonse wa dongosolo. Ngati mukuchita ndi kuwomba pansi katundu kuposa zimakupiza mwadzina sichitha, ndiye pali chiopsezo weniweni ngozi yaikulu, chifukwa cha zimene thiransifoma lonse akhoza kutayika.

Nanga msika Russian?

Dziwani kuti zisakuyenda chizolowezi azilandira kubwereza zinachitikira Europe unakhazikitsidwa mu Russia, kumene 90% onse tiransifoma kumene anaika ukukamba mtundu youma. Choncho, msika amachitira. Today mu Russia pali bwana zipangizo ngati magulu awiri a alimi. Woyamba zotere zikuphatikiza Chirasha, Italy, Chinese ndi Korea zopangidwa. Kwenikweni amaphatikizapo analogs structural wa zopangidwa kudziwika Russian: Dinani, TSL, TSGL. Kodi kwambiri ndi thiransifoma wouma? Price lililonse "zikwi za" zimasiyanasiyana rubles 900 zikwi kwa 1 miliyoni.

Gulu lachiwiri zikuphatikizapo opanga German ndi French. Iwo akupereka mtundu mndandanda DTTH, GDNN, GDHN. Pa mtengo womwewo ngati kunja thiransifoma? Mtengo wa zidzakhala kuchokera 1.5 miliyoni 2 rubles yemweyo "zikwi za".