Mtsinje Pinega: chithunzi, makhwawa, kutalika

Mitsinje nthawizonse zakhala malo ambiri midzi anthu, monga iwo ali magwero ndi madzi, ndi nsomba ndi waterfowl. Pinega mtsinje - yotero chikutanthauza kuti mbiri yakale amadziwika kuti m'mphepete mwa dzina chomwecho inali Pamudzi, amanena za m'ma XII.

Kusamvana za dzina la

Ndi ofanana asayansi anamasulira dzina la mtsinje sanabwere. Ena a iwo ndi okonda amakhulupirira kuti chikukhudza chilankhulo Chifinishi, imakhala mawu awiri - "peni" kutanthauza "galu" ndi "joki" - mtsinje. Prerequisites, chifukwa atsamunda woyamba Pinega otchedwa, osati chifukwa mulibe mawonekedwe ake kapena mabanki amachita izo chinyama chonga.

maganizo wina dzina zachokera muzu chomwecho, koma Baltic-Chifinishi wakale chinenero, kutanthauza "yaing'ono" imene kachiwiri si zoona, anapatsidwa kuti kutalika kwa Pinega Mtsinje ndi 779 Km.

Ndi chirichonse chilankhulo kapena dzina, izo munakhala ndipo akupitiriza kutchula mtsinje wokongola m'dera Arkhangelsk.

Malo lawolawo la mtsinje

Pophatikizana a mitsinje awiri - White ndi Black - kumanja okwera banki ya kumpoto Dvina anapatsidwa "moyo" Pinega. Ambiri yake ili m'chigwa floodplain kudzera amene pang'onopang'ono amanyamula madzi ake, amatayika mu madzi osefukira kasupe ndi chilimwe akukhala osaya.

Mu malire ake m'munsi mwa Pinega kwambiri "osankhidwa" kwa mtsinje Kula, kamodzi anakokera pakati pawo, ndipo mu nthawi yathu, iwo omangidwa mwa njira, anamanga mu 20 ntchentche wa XX atumwi. Popeza nthawi makedzana, amalonda ntchito portage kuti kokani bwato pa yochepa dziko pakati pa mitsinje, yomwe inawathandiza kuti pa Kula mu Mezen Bay, amene amalowa White Sea.

Pambuyo "msonkhano" ndi Kuloem Pinega mtsinje iri yofulumira kum'mwera chakumadzulo pakamwa pa Palengi. Razminuvshis ndi izo, zimatengera malangizo kumadzulo.

Kwa zaka zoposa 600 kuchokera kwa mtsinje Pinega (Arkhangelsk dera) ndi waukulu Choncho akulowa madzi kaundula Russia.

boma madzi

Ndi dziwe 42.000 Km ^2, 90% nkhalango, Pinyega ali ndi m'lifupi 20 mamita mu gawo chapamwamba mpaka 190 mamita m'kamwa mbali koma zimasiyanasiyana chigumula. Monga ulamuliro, chigumula akutsatiridwa ndi kuwuka mofulumira kwambiri madzi chifukwa cha kusungunuka chisanu. Peak Pinegi litulukira amapezeka mu May, ndipo lonse mlingo madzi kutuluka mu nkhani iyi ikhoza kukhala pakati pa 430 mamita ³ / s kwa 3000 mamita ³ / s. Zolemba malire chigumula zidzachitika madzi osefukira mvula.

ayezi woyamba pa mtsinje kupanga woonda filimu kumapeto kwa October, akusuntha pang'onopang'ono ayezi kulowerera, koma mapeto a November izo chimamanga madzi ndipo anapitiriza pafupifupi masiku 180, kupeza makulidwe mita.

Pamene ayezi akuyamba kusungunuka, nthawi ayezi kulowerera mitundu kuchulukana, chifukwa chimene madzi a mtsinje limatuluka kuchokera 1 mamita 3 m, nthawi zambiri zimachitika m'dera Pinyega Pamudzi. N'chifukwa chake pa nthawi imodzi mphamvu Chombo wapadera, amene azikhala zitunda ndi kuteteza osefukira a m'deralo.

Ndi madzi Pinegi zigawo mankhwala m'gulu la a chimasanduka, ndi mineralization ake mu nyengo yozizira kwambiri kuposa 300 mg / l, koma m'chilimwe - 70 okha mg / L. Ngati ife kulankhula za chiyero chake, mtsinje wa amtengo onyansa, chifukwa turbidity ndi 50 g / M3.

Kufotokozera Pinega mtsinje

Kodi mabanki mtsinje ali ndi nkhalango 90%, izo angatchedwe okongola, koma makamaka Pinegi zikusintha mtunda m'mbali mwa nyanja. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti tichipeza gypsum ndi laimu madipoziti ku malire pakati ndi kutsikira. Zonse sambike pa kusefukira kwa madzi, magombe pang'ono kusintha mawonekedwe awo chaka chilichonse amakhala lapamwamba, zinyalala pang'ono. M'madera ena, magombe phompho anapanga chigwa wokongola, kufika kutalika mamita 20 ndipo ngati n'kupanga mpanda zachilengedwe ndi nkhuni pamwamba, kuteteza mtendere wa madzi ake.

Umakhala pafupi madzi ndi awiri a m'mudzi - Pinega ndi Karpogory kuti, ngakhale remoteness kwa chitukuko, otchuka ndi okonda zokopa alendo kwambiri ndi kutsetsereka.

No zochepa zosangalatsa ndi makhwawa a mtsinje Pinega, kumene iye anali kuchokera kumanzere 12, ndipo kuyambira pomwe - 7, koma akuluakulu ndi Viya, Yezhuga Mtsinje, Khirisimasi, Ilesha Mtsinje, Pokshenga Mtsinje, Shuyga, Yavzora ndi Tinga.

khosi

Mwina, mu chinenero cha wakale mawu Asilavo "khosi" amatanthauza "khosi", koma lero ndi dzina kugwirizana ndi chikhazikitso cha tributary kumanzere kwa Pinega Mtsinje. Ndi m'litali mwa 181 Km 2 m'dera limafotokoza - ndi Pinezhsky Verkhnetoemsky, pakati ndi kutsikira Inde cha kutsuka awo Vyisky Pamudzi.

Khosi la monga kwabasi monga Pinyega kuti anali kudziŵika ndi Russian zojambulajambula Vereshchagin pa ulendo wake wopita kumpoto Russian. Akuyambitsa mapiri amenewa, otaya okhazikika, nthawi zina mawu shoals miyala limodzi, kupanga rafting pa mtsinje uwu tchuthi weniweni.

Vyisky Pamudzi, anakhazikitsidwa mu 2006, makamaka wapangidwa ndi midzi choyamba, wokonzeka pano pa chiyambi cha m'ma XVIII. Atsamunda poyamba ankachita nsomba, kusaka ndi ulimi zinali zovuta. Today Vyisky kuthetsa lokhalamo anthu 644 chabe, kupanga Vyisky boma.

Yezhuga Mtsinje

The tributary lamanja la Pinega kutalika 165 Km, akuyenda ku dera Arkhangelsk, ndiye ntchito m'dziko la Republic Komi. Dzina monga adanena dziko Komi, ndipo limatanthauza "mtsinje dambo" imene ili yabodza kwathunthu.

Ndithudi, mbali m'munsi mwa inflow chimadutsa m'madambo lathyathyathya dziko, kokha malire chapamwamba chotenga kuti 'asamachedwe "zitunda kwabasi. mitsinje wofatsa ndi abwino nsomba ndi zosangalatsa hema. Apa ndi pamene inu mukhoza kwenikweni kumasuka kuchokera chitukuko, kuthera nthawi chikhalidwe - nsomba, kusonkhanitsa bowa ndi zipatso mu nkhalango ozungulira mtsinje.

Sura mtsinje

Pa makilomita 395 kuchokera mkamwa mwa Pinega izo imaphwera mumtsinje Sura, popangidwa ndi pophatikizana ndi Yuromy Surosoroy. Ngakhale yochepa kutalika makilomita 92 chabe, mtsinje uwu ndithu kuli anthu. Choncho magombe ake zili malire m'munsi m'mudzi phiri sluduet, Pahurovo ndi Markovo, pamene mkamwa ndi dzina mudzi umodzi ndi likulu la boma Sura.

Mu gawo linafalitsidwa kwambiri Sura musalumphe 37 mamita ndi kuzama ndi 0.5 m. Kamodzi malo awa kumene kuli narodnost chud otchedwa zavolochskaya. dzina anatanthauza kuti Chud (Finno-Ugric mafuko) anakhala portage. Patapita Ine anakakhala pano anthu safuna kuvomera amasiya milungu yawo yachikunja. Tschudi chikhalidwe ndi miyambo yawo, monga ena ethnologists, akali moyo mu midzi ina.

Dzina "Sura" koyamba pa Novgorod Mbiri ya chiyambi cha m'ma XII monga "Sura zoipa", lomwe limatiuza za maganizo a anthu amene sanafune kuvomereza Chikhristu. Ndithudi, patapita nthawi yaitali ambiri avomereza chikhulupiriro atsopano, ndi m'mudzi wa Sura anakhala kunyumba kwawoko kwa woyera wolungama Ioanna Kronshtadtskogo.

The kuchuluka kwa Ilesha Mtsinje

Ndipotu, kuchuluka izi Pinegi ali mayina awiri monga: la kum'mawa kwa Verkhnetoyemsky District, kumene anachokera, umatchedwa Small Ilesha Mtsinje, ndipo pambuyo umalumikizana Pinegskoy Entalu madzi, kumakhaladi Ilesha Mtsinje.

Tauni yaikulu pa mtsinje - Mudzi wa Red Chilwa 43 Km m'kamwa mwake.

zokopa Pinegi

mtsinje uwu akukondedwa ndi asodzi ndi okonda kasakaniza wazitsulo mabwato jombo ndi alenje, ndipo monga anthu amene amakonda pogwiritsa kunja osafikiridwa kukongola kwa dziko lakwawo. Pali malo zodabwitsa magalimoto, komanso mabanki phompho miyala ya laimu (mtsinje Pinega zithunzi kutsimikizira izo) ndi nkhalango moti ngati zonyamula alendo mu kuya kwa zaka zambiri.

chidwi chapadera la alendo amasangalala wotchuka karst phanga, amene kwa zaka ndi pansi miyala ya laimu madzi a mtsinjewo. Ulendo n'zotheka makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, monga yotsalayo iwo anali anasefukira, ndi mayina zikuyendera za kukongola kwawo. Pali phanga wa Snow Mfumukazi, chisanu nthano, ndi Ice Crystal, ndi mokwanira zifukwa dzina lake.

Ice stalactites ndi stalagmites kukumana alendo zipinda zawo. Ndipotu, pali chiwerengero chachikulu m'mapanga kuti ali kudikira kuti anapeza cavers. Pofuna kuteteza malowa zachilengedwe kumbuyo mu 1974 mu izi malo malo unakhazikitsidwa, amene ntchito chachikulu chinali chitetezo ndi kuteteza mapanga karst.

No zochepa chidwi ndi nsomba nsomba pa Pinega Mtsinje. Ndipotu pali tiri Nsombazi, Grayling, chub, Roach, nsomba, dace, njoka yam'madzi ndi Pike, kotero kuti palibe opanda muphe nsomba. Amene anazolowera mpumulo omasuka, akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito misonkhano ya ulendo woyendetsa ndipo zimathera Sitidzaiwala chilimwe mu nyumba ya alendo m'mudzi. Verkola kapena pomanga misasa bwino pa a mtsinjewo. Nature m'madera awa ndi chidwi zosiyanasiyana mtunda. mudzi lili pa gombe phompho pakati pa mbali imodzi mwa mapiri ndi nkhalango, ndi pa zina - meadows.

mudzi lili malire pakati, koma mukhoza kubwereka bwato ndi kupita ku malire chapamwamba za Pinega Mtsinje. Zabroska nthaŵi yaitali, koma nsomba pano ndi zabwino.

Mu malo awa anabadwa, iye anagwira ndipo anafa wotchuka wolemba Fyodor Abramov, yemwe nyumba anakhala owonetsera zakale ake achikumbutso.

Mtsinje Pinega - ngodya kwambiri ndi unspoilt zachilengedwe, komwe muyenera kupita ngati panali kufuna kuthawa kugonthetsa wa chitukuko.